tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080360717953727902024-03-19T01:48:39.654-07:00SHARE !!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.comBlogger38125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-18798105334204702002012-06-11T16:49:00.001-07:002012-06-11T16:49:36.668-07:00Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran - SISTEM PERIODIK UNSUR<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">(RPP) No 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">Satuan Pendidikan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">S</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">MA</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">N</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">egeri</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">16</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;"> Bandung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">Mata Pelajaran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Kelas / Semester<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: X/I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Materi<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>: </span><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;">Perkembangan Tabel Periodik Unsur</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Waktu<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;">2 x </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;">30</span><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;"> Menit (2 Jam Pelajaran)</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Standar Kompetensi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Memahami struktur atom, sifat-sifat periodik unsur,
dan ikatan kimia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Kompetensi Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Memahami struktur atom berdasarkan teori atom Bohr,
sifat-sifat unsur, massa atom relatif, dan sifat-sifat periodik unsur dalam
tabel periodik, serta menyadari keteraturannya melalui pemahaman konfigurasi
elektron.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; vertical-align: baseline;">Indikator<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">Menjelaskan tabel periodik menurut Dobereiner, J.
Newlands, Mendeleev dan tabel periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">Menjelaskan dasar pengelompokan unsur-unsur di dalam
tabel periodik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">Menjelaskan pengertian golongan dan periode pada tabel
periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">Tujuan Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; vertical-align: baseline;">Siswa dapat,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">Menjelaskan tabel periodik menurut Dobereiner, J.
Newlands, Mendeleev dan tabel periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: .5in 2.5in 2.75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; vertical-align: baseline;">Menjelaskan dasar pengelompokkan unsur-unsur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; vertical-align: baseline;">Menjelaskan pengertian golongan dan periode pada tabel
periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/rencana-pelaksanaan-pembelajaran-sistem.html">Read more....</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-65026760349830162432012-06-11T16:44:00.001-07:002012-06-11T16:44:54.808-07:00RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) - IKATAN KIMIA<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RENCANA
PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(RPP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikatan Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 141.75pt; tab-stops: 134.7pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Moh. Wildan Rahmat B Y</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 141.75pt; tab-stops: 134.7pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIM<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">208204</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">126</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 141.75pt; tab-stops: 134.7pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Program
Studi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pendidikan Kimia<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<br clear="all" style="mso-column-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RENCANA
PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Identitas Sekolah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 134.7pt 141.75pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Satuan Pendidikan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>SMA
Negeri 16 Bandung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 134.7pt 141.75pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas / Semester<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>X
/ 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 134.7pt 141.75pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mata Pelajaran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 141.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 134.7pt 141.75pt; text-indent: -123.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Materi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ikatan Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 134.7pt 141.75pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alokasi Waktu<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">X</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
45 menit (1 </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">X</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pertemuan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Standar
Kompetensi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memahami
Struktur atom, Sifat-sifat periodik unsur, dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ikatan kimia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Religius,
disiplin, rasa ingin tahu, komunikatif, demokratis)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompetensi
Dasar</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Membandingkan proses pembentukan ikatan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ion, ikatan kovalen, ikatan koordinasi, dan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ikatan logam serta hubunganya dengan sifat fisika senyawa
yang terbentuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Disiplin, religius, rasa ingin tahu,
komunikatif, demokratis)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan kestabilan unsur gas mulia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>proses pembentukan ikatan ion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Disiplin,
rasa ingin tahu, komunikatif, demokratis)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah mengikuti
pembelajaran ini, siswa diharapkan mampu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 145.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; text-indent: -124.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan
kestabilan unsur gas mulia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>proses pembentukan ikatan ion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/rencanapelaksanaan-pembelajaran-rpp.html">Read more.....</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-16716938834344916682012-06-11T06:20:00.000-07:002012-06-11T06:20:21.321-07:00‘ENERGI PANAS BUMI DAN PEMBANGKITAN LISTRIK TENAGA PANAS BUMI’<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%;">
Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Dalam
rangka memasuki era industrialisasi maka kebutuhan energi terus meningkat dan
untuk mengatasi hal ini perlu dipikirkan penambahan energi melalui pemilihan
energi alternatif yang ramah terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu energi altematif
tersebut adalah pemanfaatan energi panas bumi yang cukup tersedia di <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
Tulisan ini akan menguraikan secara garis besar tentang kebutuhan energi dan
peranan energi panas bumi dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan energi serta
prospeknya di Indonesia. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Keberhasilan
pembangunan pada PELITA V telah meletakkan dasar-dasar pembangunan industri
yang akan dilaksanakan pada PELITA VI dan tahun-tahun berikutnya, ternyata
mempunyai konsekwensi dalam hal penyediaan energi listrik untuk dapat
menggerakkan kegiatan industri yang dimaksud. Untuk mengatasi kebutuhan energi
listrik yang terus meningkat ini, usaha diversifikasi energi mutlak harus
dilaksanakan. Salah satu usaha diversifikasi energi ini adalah dengan
memikirkan pemanfaatan energi panas bumi sebagai penyedia kebutuhan energi
listrik tersebut. Dasar pemikiran ini adalah mengingat cukup tersedianya
cadangan energi panas bumi di <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
namun pemanfaatannya masih sangat sedikit. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region> sebagai negara vulkanik
mempunyai sekitar 217 tempat yang dianggap potensial untuk eksplorasi energi
panas bumi. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/energi-panas-bumi-dan-pembangkitan.html">Read more............</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-87517076388164460192012-06-06T07:25:00.003-07:002012-06-06T07:25:33.567-07:00KETERAMPILAN GENERIK SAINS<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keterampilan Generik <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sains<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Menurut Beny Suprapto (dalam Sunyono, 2009 : 7)
bahwa pada dasarnya cara berpikir dan berbuat dalam mempelajari berbagai konsep
sains dan menyelesaikan masalah, serta belajar secara teoritis di kelas maupun
dalam praktik adalah sama (mengikuti prinsip segitiga pengkajian alam), karena
itu ada kompetensi generik. Kompetensi generik adalah kompetensi yang digunakan
secara umum dalam berbagai kerja ilmiah. Kompetensi generik diturunkan dari
keterampilan proses dengan cara memadukan keterampilan itu dengan
komponen-komponen alam yang dipelajari dalam sains yang terdapat pada struktur
konsep atau prinsip segitiga pengkajian alam. Karena itu, kompetensi generik
lebih mudah dipahami dan dilaksanakan daripada keterampilan proses, serta
penilainnya pun lebih mudah. Kompetensi generik kurang berlaku umum
dibandingkan dengan keterampilan proses, tetapi lebih berlaku umum dibandingkan
dengan kompetensi dasar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keterampilan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>generik sains adalah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>keterampilan
yang dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari berbagai konsep dan menyelesaikan
berbagai masalah sains. Dalam satu kegiatan ilmiah, misalnya kegiatan memahami
konsep, terdiri dari beberapa kompetensi generik. Kegiatan-kegiatan ilmiah yang
berbeda dapat mengendung kompetensi-kompetensi generik yang sama. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ciri dari pembelajaran sains melalui
keterampilan generik sains adalah membekalkan keterampilan generik sains kepada
siswa sebagai pengembangan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Brotosiswoyo dalam
Sunyono 2009 : 8). Menurut liliasari dkk (2007) Keterampilan generik kimia
adalah kemampuan berpikir dan bertindak berdasarkan pengetahuan kimia yang
dimilikinya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut
Brotosiswoyo (dalam Sunyono : 2009) Kemampuan generik sains dalam pembelajaran
IPA dapat dikategorikan menjadi 9 indikator yaitu: (1) pengamatan langsung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">direct observation</i>); (2) pengamatan tak
langsung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">indirect observation</i>) (3)
kesadaran tentang skala besaran (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sense of
scale</i>); (4) bahasa simbolik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">symbolic
languange</i>); (5) kerangka logika taat-asas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">logical self-consistency</i>) dari hukum alam; (6) inferensi logika; (7)
hukum sebab akibat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">causality</i>); (8)
pemodelan matematika (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mathematical
modeling</i>); (9) membangun konsep (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">concept
formation</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Makna dari setiap
keterampilan generik sains tersebut adalah (Liliasari dkk, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2007 : 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengamatan
langsung <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sains merupakan
ilmu tentang fenomena dan perilaku sepanjang masih dapat diamati oleh manusia.
Hal ini menuntut adanya kemampuan manusia untuk melakukan pengamatan langsung
dan mencari keterkaitan-keterkaitan sebab akibat dari pengamatan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengamatan
tak langsung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dalam pengamatan
tak langsung alat indera yang digunakan manusia memiliki keterbatasan. Untuk
mengamati keterbataan tersebut manusia melengkapi diri dengan berbagai
peralatan. Beberapa gejala alam lain juga terlalu berbahaya jika kontak
langsung dengan tubuh manusia seperti arus listrik, dalam mempelajari kimia
misalnya diperlukan indikator untuk mengenal sifat yang beracun bila dicicipi
langsung oleh manusia, amperemeter untuk mengukur pH larutan, spektrofotometer
untuk menentukan rumus zat. Cara ini dikenal dengan pengamatan tak langsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kesadaran
tentang skala besaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dalam alam banyak
ukuran yang tidak sesuai dengan ukuran benda yang ditemukan dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari, misalnya protein ukuran molekulnya sangat besar dan rumus
strukturnya kompleks, sebaliknya elektron sangat kecil dan sederhana, waktu
paruh zat radioaktif dapat bervariasi misalnya Po-214 hanya 1,6 x 10<sup>-4</sup>
detik sedangkan U-238 waktu paruh 5 x 10<sup>9</sup> tahun. Untuk mempelajari
hal tersebut maka kesadaran tentang skala besaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bahasa
simbolik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Agar terjadi
komunikasi dalam kimia diseluruh dunia perlu adanya bahasa simbolik misalnya
lambang unsur, arah panah yang menunjukkan persamaan reaksi searah/kesetimbangan,
tanda kurung persegi untuk menyatakan konsentrasi, pH dan banyak bahasa
simbolik lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kerangka</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
logika taat asas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pada pengamatan gejala alam dalam waktu yang akan
panjang akan ditemukan sejumlah hukum-hukum, namun akan ditemukan “keganjilan”
secara logika. Untuk menjawab hal tersebut pula digunakan kerangka logika taat
asas dengan menemukan suatu teori baru. Misalnya reaksi-reaksi biokimia yang
sangat rumit namun dapat berlangsung dalam tubuh makhluk hidup (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in-vivo</i>) yang suhunya jauh lebih rendah
dibandingkan dengan bila reaksi yang sama berlangsung di luar tubuh makhluk
hidup (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in-vitro</i>). Jawaban terhadap
gejala tersebut adalah enzim sebagai katalis dan berlangsungnya couple
reaction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Inferensi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
logika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dalam sains banyak fakta yang tak dapat diamati
langsung namun dapat ditemukan melalui inferensi logika dari
konsekuensi-konsekuensi logis pemikiran dalam sains. Misalnya suhu nol Kelvin
sampai saat ini belum dapat direalisasikan keberadaanya, tetap diyakini bahwa
itu benar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Hukum</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
sebab akibat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Salah satu ciri sains adalah bertolak dari hukum
sebab-akibat misalnya apabila konsentrasi pereaksi diperbesar, maka reaksi
berlangsung lebih cepat. Pada suatu kesetimbangan kimia akan terjadi pergeseran
kesetimbangan apabila diberikan reaksi terhadap kesetimbangan tersebut.
Misalnya kesetimbangan akan bergeser ke arah yang berlawanan dengan arah
penambahan zat, suatu reaksi eksoterm akan berlangsung baik apabila suhu sistem
diturunkan. Penjelasan dari gejala ini dapat dijawab berdasarkan hukum
sebab-akibat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pemodelan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
matematik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Untuk menjelaskan banyak hubungan dari gejala alam
yang diamati diperlukan bantuan pemodelan matematik. Melalui pemodelan tersebut
diharapkan dapat diprediksikan dengan tepat bagaimana kecenderungan hubungan
ataupun perubahan dari sederetan fenomena alam. Misalnya besarnya tekanan
osmotik larutan dapat ditentukan berdasarkan perkalian MRT, pH larutan dapat
ditentukan berdasarkan –log[H<sup>+</sup>] larutan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Membangun</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
konsep<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tidak semua gejala alam dapat dipahami dengan bahasa
sehari-hari, karena itu diperlukan bahasa dengan termonologi khusus, yang
dikenal sebagai konsep. konsep-konsep yang dibangun perlu diuji keterterapannya
untuk mengembangkan lebih lanjut. Dalam kimia proses ini disebut membangun
konsep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Di hongkong, Curriculum Development Council mengidentifikasi
9 jenis keterampilan generik yang sangat penting dalam pendidikan (Curiculum
Development Council dalam Yeung, 2007 : 4), meliputi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan kolaboratif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan komunikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kreativitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan pemecahan masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan berpikir kritis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan numerasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan teknologi
informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan manajemen diri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterampilan belajar</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Liliasari dkk
(Sunyono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2009 : 11) mengemukakan bahwa
untuk menentukan pengetahuan sains yang perlu dipelajari siswa, pengajar perlu
terlebih dahulu melakukan analisis konsep-konsep sains yang ingin dipelajari.
Analisis lebih lanjut dilakukan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara jenis
konsep-konsep sains dengan keterampilan generik sains yang dapat dikembangkan
Hasil analisis dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tabel. 2.1 Hubungan
Jenis Konsep dan Keterampilan Generik Sains<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 295pt; width: 495px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 20.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" valign="top" width="37">
<div class="Default">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 20.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keterampilan </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">G</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">enerik </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">S</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ains</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 20.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jenis konsep</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" width="37">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengamatan langsung <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep konkret<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" width="37">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengamatan langsung/tak langsung, inferensi logika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep abstrak dengan contoh konkret<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 29.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 29.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" width="37">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengamatan tak langsung,
inferensi logika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep
abstrak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" width="37">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: -.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kerangka
logika taat azas, hukum sebab akibat, inferensi logika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep
berdasarkan prinsip<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" width="37">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bahasa simbolik, pemodelan
matematik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep
yang menyatakan simbol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 45.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 45.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" width="37">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: -.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengamatan
langsung/ tak langsung, hukum sebab akibat, kerangka logika taat azas,
inferensi logika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep
yang menyatakan proses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 45.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 45.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.7pt;" width="37">
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.45pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: -.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengamatan langsung/tak langsung, hukum sebab
akibat, kerangka logika taat azas, inferensi logika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.3pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 1.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep yang menyatakan sifat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-align: right; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">(Sunyono, 2009 : 12)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Tabel 2.1 di atas menunjukkan
bahwa dalam mempelajari konsep-konsep sains dibekalkan kemampuan berpikir yang
komplek. Pada umumnya setiap konsep sains dapat mengembangkan lebih dari satu
macam keterampilan generik sains, kecuali konsep konkrit. Jenis konsep ini
sangat terbatas jumlahnya dalam sains, karena itu mempelajari konsep sains pada
hakekatnya adalah mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir sains, yang merupakan
berpikir tingkat tinggi. (Liliasari dkk, 2007)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Sunyono (2009 : 15) kompetensi-kompetensi
generik yang digunakan dalam memahami konsep dan menyelesaikan masalah formal
digunakan juga dalam kegiatan melakukan percobaan IPA. Dalam satu proses IPA
dapat terdiri dari beberapa kompetensi generik. Contohnya pada proses mengamati
akan terdiri dari mengidentifikasi fenomena yang dipermasalahkan, membagi
fenomena (jika merupakan fenomena yang kompleks), mengidentifikasi indikator
alam, dan mengukur besar parameter yang harus diukur. Kompetensi generik yaitu
keterampilan generik yang terintegrasi dengan pengetahuan dan komponen-komponen
yang dipelajari, dalam kegiatan percobaan IPA dapat seperti berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengidentifikasi objek dan fenomena yang dipermasalahkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menyusun objek dan peristiwa (fenomena) yang dipermasalahkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengidentifikasi indikator alam (menentukan konsep-konsep yang berlaku)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menyusun hipotesis dengan menggunakan konsep-konsep yang berlaku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menentukan objek dan fenomena atau dan parameter yang harus diamati /
diukur. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengidentifikasi alat dan bahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menjalankan alat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengamati / mengukur parameter pada fenomena yang dipermasalahkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Mencatat hasil pengamatan/pengukuran dalam suatu format<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Membuat model (jika diperlukan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Membahas fenomena pada percobaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menarik kesimpulan dari masalah dan pembahasan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Objek menurut Darliana (2007:3) adalah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>benda atau energi. Objek juga menyebabkan
terjadinya kejadian, atau merupakan suatu masalah dalam pengamatan yang dapat
menghasilkan peristiwa atau kejadian, contoh objek adalah tabung reaksi, air,
dan zat Sedangkan fenomena adalah gejala yang teramati pada objek. Objek dan
fenomena yang dipelajari dalam kimia terdiri dari objek (kondisi dan sifat
objek), hubungan 2 objek<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( interaksi
antara dua objek) , dan peristiwa ( proses atau perubahan yang terjadi pada
objek ). Contoh peristiwa adalah sebuah prosedur dari kerja praktikum, dengan
demikian objek dan peristiwa adalah suatu fenomena<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang menjadi pusat perhatian dan merupakan
sumber munculnya ide-ide dan konsep. Sesuatu yang ada pada objek dan
peristiwa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang teramati <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menunjukan prinsip atau teori. Teori merupakan
pernyataan yang dikembangkan oleh seseorang menggunakan suatu kaedah sains.
Teori berusaha menjelaskan dan memprediksi interaksi diantara konsep dan
kejadian.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> Menurut Darliana (2007 : 5) prinsip<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atau teori adalah penjelasan mengenai objek
dan peristiwa. Prinsip atau teori disusun berdasarkan gejala-gejala yang
terjadi dan teramati pada suatu objek dan peristiwa . </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Berikut ini manfaat penggunaan
keterampilan generik dalam pembelajaran sains IPA, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Kompetensi generik membantu
guru mengetahui apa yang harus ditingkatkan pada siswa dan membelajarkan siswa
dalam belajar cara belajar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Pembelajaran dengan
memperhatikan kompetensi generik pada siswa, setiap siswa dapat mengatur
kecepatan belajarnya sendiri dan guru dapat mengatur kecepatan pembelajarannya
untuk setiap siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Miskonsepsi pada siswa dapat
terjadi karena kompetensi generiknya lemah, sehingga dengan keterampilan
generik ini miskonsepsi pada siswa dapat diminimalisir bahkan dihilangkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-76213310457267364402012-06-05T03:58:00.000-07:002012-06-05T03:58:28.903-07:00MAKALAH - Pembuatan Es Krim<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcROwsjRTIZfeiu-XWC1ZsYasu_h1s_LXdN5-bhf1ASXtgGedGzN" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcROwsjRTIZfeiu-XWC1ZsYasu_h1s_LXdN5-bhf1ASXtgGedGzN" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses Pembuatan Es Krim<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #464646; letter-spacing: .25pt;">Es krim sebenarnya tak lain adalah busa, atau gas yang
terdispersi dalam cairan. Es krim terlihat padat namun jika diamati di bawah
mikroskop, es krim tampak terbentuk dari empat komponen, yaitu padatan globula
lemak susu, udara (ukurannya tidak lebih dari 0,1 mm), kristal-kristal es, dan
air yang melarutkan gula, garam, dan protein susu. Secara sederhana, es krim
dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan bahan-bahan dan mendinginkannya. Garam
digunakan untuk membuat es tetap beku. Kemudian, adonan tersebut harus
diguncang-guncang, dikocok atau diaduk. Pengadukan ini berpengaruh dalam
pembuatan es krim agar teksturnya baik. Pengadukan tersebut akan membuat krim
naik ke permukaan. Untuk mencegahnya, ditambahkan emulsifier. Salah satu contoh
emulsifier sederhana adalah kuning telur. Karena itulah kuning telur sering
menjadi bahan dalam membuat es krim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #464646; letter-spacing: .25pt;">Ada sebuah peristiwa unik berkaitan dengan proses
pembuatan es krim secara sederhana ini. Pada saat Perang Dunia II, pilot
angkatan udara mengamati bahwa wadah meriam memiliki suhu dan tingkat getaran
yang cocok untuk menghasilkan es krim. Para penerbang yang berbasis di
Inggris itu lalu menempatkan adonan es krim dalam kaleng besar, dan
menyimpannya<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">in the tail gunner’s cockpit of B-29s</span></em>. Dinginnya udara
karena terbang tinggi dan getaran pesawat menciptakan es krim ‘matang’ begitu
pesawat mendarat. Kisah ini dimuat dalam New York Times tahun 1943.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurut Arbuckle
(1986). Proses pembuatan es krim terdiri dari: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pencampuran, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pasteurisasi, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">homogenisasi, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pendinginan, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">aging atau penuaan, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">freezing atau
pembekuan, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hardening atau
pengerasan, dan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">penyimpanan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pencampuran dilakukan
dengan memanaskan terlebih dahulu bahan cair dalam bejana pencampur sampai
kira-kira 40-50°C, kemudian bahan-bahan kering seperti gula, bahan pengemulsi
dan bahan penstabil ditambahkan dan dicampur supaya larut dengan baik. Pasteurisasi
dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membebaskan adonan dari bakteri patogen, membantu
melarutkan bahan, memperbaiki flavour dan mutu simpan. Pasteurisasi adonan
dilakukan pada suhu 68,3°C selama 30 menit atau pada suhu 71°C selama 30 detik.
Proses homogenisasi biasanya dilakukan pada suhu 62,8-76,7°C. Proses ini
bertujuan untuk mencegah globula lemak bersatu, untuk mengurangi waktu yang
diperlukan bagi proses aging campuran itu dan untuk mempengaruhi kekentalan
sehingga tekstur dan body es krim menjadi lebih baik. Setelah proses
homogenisasi, adonan harus cepat didinginkan sampai 0-4°C agar tekstur es krim
menjadi halus, kekentalan berkurang dan pertumbuhan mikroba menjadi lambat.
Proses aging diperlukan untuk memberi kesempatan bahan penstabil bekerja.
Selama proses ini berlangsung, terjadi perubahan-perubahan antara lain penggabungan
bahan penstabil dengan air, pengerasan lemak dan peningkatan viskositas. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Setelah itu proses pembekuan harus dilakukan
dengan cepat untuk mencegah pembentukan kristal es yang kasar. Pengerasan es
krim umumnya dilakukan dalam suhu -45°C sampai -23°C selama 24 jam (Arbuckle
dan Marshall, 1996).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="IN" style="color: #464646; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah proses pembuatannya selesai, es krim dikemas dalam
berbagai bentuk, antara lain cone, cup, dan stik. Dahulu, es krim selalu
disajikan dalam mangkuk atau gelas minuman. Kini, setelah ditemukannya cone,
cup, dan stik, es krim bisa leluasa dijual bebas di jalan-jalan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurut Reinders dalam
Surya (2006), berdasarkan bentuk kemasannya, es krim dapat dibedakan menjadi
tiga bentuk utama, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Cone. Cone terbuat dari adonan
biskuit yang berbentuk kerucut. Es krim semula hanya dapat dijual di toko kue
atau restoran karena ditempatkan di mangkuk atau dijadikan minuman. Semenjak
cone ditemukan, es krim dapat dijual lebih luas di jalan-jalan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Cup. Kemasan bentuk cup berawal dari
gelas karton untuk minuman yang dikembangkan menjadi wadah untuk es krim. Es
krim didalamnya dimakan dengan menggunakan sendok kayu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Stik. Es krim dikemas dengan menempel
pada tungkai kayu yang panjang didalamnya. Ujung kayu yang lain dapat dipegang
oleh konsumen sehingga mempermudah pengkonsumsian tanpa mengotori tangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Daftar Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sintamilia (2010). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Proses pembuaqtan es krim</i>. [on line]: </span><span lang="IN"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://goorme.com/article/proses-pembuatan-es-krim</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ihsanur M. (2011). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Proses pembuatan es krim</i>. [on line]: </span><span lang="IN"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.fresh-icecream.com/2010/03/proses-pembuatan-es-krim.html</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 18.75pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN">Linda stradley (2011). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">History of Ices & Ice Cream</span></i>.
[on line]: <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/IceCream/IceCreamHistory.htm</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-50596576370276675022012-05-31T08:53:00.002-07:002012-05-31T08:53:39.013-07:00TEORI BELAJAR BEHAVIORISTIK<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB I</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAHULUAN</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Latar Belakang </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banyak teori
tentang belajar yang telah berkembang mulai abad ke 19 sampai sekarang ini.
Pada awal abad ke-19 teori belajar yang berkembang pesat dan memberi banyak
sumbangan terhadap para ahli psikologi adalah teori belajar tingkah laku (<i>behaviorisme)</i>
yang awal mulanya dikembangkan oleh psikolog Rusia Ivan Pavlov (tahun
1900-an) dengan teorinya yang dikenal dengan istilah pengkondisian klasik (<i>classical
conditioning)</i> dan kemudian teori belajar tingkah laku ini dikembangkan oleh
beberapa ahli psikologi yang lain seperti Edward Thorndike, B.F Skinner dan
Gestalt.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teori belajar
behaviorisme ini berorientasi pada hasil yang dapat diukur dan diamati.
Pengulangan dan pelatihan digunakan supaya perilaku yang diinginkan dapat
menjadi kebiasaan. Hasil yang diharapkan dari penerapan teori behavioristik ini
adalah terbentuknya suatu perilaku yang diinginkan. Perilaku yang diinginkan
mendapat penguatan positif dan perilaku yang kurang sesuai mendapat penghargaan
negatif. Evaluasi atau Penilaian didasari atas perilaku yang tampak. Dalam
teori belajar ini guru tidak banyak memberikan ceramah,tetapi instruksi singkat
yang diikuti contoh baik dilakukan sendiri maupun melalui simulasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di awal abad 20
sampai sekarang ini teori belajar <i>behaviorisme </i>mulai ditinggalkan dan
banyak ahli psikologi yang baru lebih mengembangkan teori belajar kognitif
dengan asumsi dasar bahwa kognisi mempengaruhi prilaku. Penekanan kognitif
menjadi basis bagi pendekatan untuk pembelajaran. Walaupun teori belajar tigkah
laku mulai ditinggalkan diabad ini, namun mengkolaborasikan teori ini dengan
teori belajar kognitif dan teori belajar lainnya sangat penting untuk
menciptakan pendekatan pembelajaran yang cocok dan efektif, karena pada
dasarnya tidak ada satupun teori belajar yang betul-betul cocok untuk menciptakan
sebuah pendekatan pembelajaran yang pas dan efektif.</span></div>
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapun rumusan masalah dalam
makalah ini sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana teori behaviorisme dalam pembelajaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana teori kepribadian pembiasaan klasikal menurut Pavlov</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana teori kepribadian pengkondisian operan menurut Skinner</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana teori belajar social menurut Bandura</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana implikasi teori kepribadian behavioristik terhadap bimbingan
dan konseling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TUJUAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapun tujuan dalam makalah ini
sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengetahui teori behaviorisme dalam pembelajaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengetahui teori kepribadian pembiasaan klasikal menurut Pavlov</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengetahui teori kepribadian pengkondisian operan menurut Skinner</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengetahui teori belajar social menurut Bandura</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengetahui implikasi teori kepribadian behavioristik terhadap bimbingan
dan konseling</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/teori-kepribadian-behavioristik.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Read more................. </span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-26942843211299254812012-05-31T07:53:00.000-07:002012-05-31T07:53:23.518-07:00LAPORAN KUNJUNGAN PT Krakatau Steel<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Angsana New","serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Laporan Kuliah Lapangan</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Angsana New","serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">PT Krakatau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Steel</i><a href="" name="_GoBack"></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Disusun
pada tanggal 18 Januari 2012</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Diajukan
untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas pada mata kuliah Kuliah Lapangan</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">di
Prodi Pendidikan Kimia semester 7</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dibimbing
oleh <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dr.
Yunita</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Oleh:</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rismah Sholihah
<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>208204134<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rizki Maulana
Akbar<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>208204135</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rizqy Nur Sholihat<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>208204136</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PROGRAM STUDI
PENDIDIKAN KIMIA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN
KEGURUAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">UNIVERSITAS ISLAM
NEGERI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">BANDUNG</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2012 M/1434 H</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Puji syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang telah memberikan rahmat serta
hidayah-Nya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sehingga penyusunan makalah
ini dapat diselesaikan. Dan shalawat serta salam semoga tercurah limpahkan kepada
Nabi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muhammad SAW.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Laporan ini disusun untuk diajukan sebagai salah satu tugas pada mata
kuliah Kuliah Lapangan dengan judul <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Krakatau
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Steel</i>”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Terima kasih disampaikan kepada Ibu Dr. Yunita selaku dosen mata kuliah
Kuliah Lapangan yang telah membimbing dan memberikan kuliah kepada kami dengan
sangat sabar dan baik. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Demikianlah makalah ini disusun semoga bermanfaat agar dapat memenuhi
tugas mata kuliah Kuliah Lapangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>Bandung,
18 Januari 2012</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 288.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Penyusun</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
ix</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128;">DAFTAR ISI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kata Pengantar<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................................................... </span>ix</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Daftar Isi <span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................................... </span>x</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span></b><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................... </span>1</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Latar
Belakang <span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................... </span>1</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Maksud
dan Tujuan Penulisan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................ </span>2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metode
Penulisan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................... </span>2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Batasan
Masalah <span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................ </span>2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB II KEADAAN
UMUM PERUSAHAAN</span></b><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................. </span>3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sejarah <span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................................... </span>3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nilai Perusahaan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................. </span>8</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fasilitas Produksi PT Krakatau
Steel<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................. </span>8</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perusahaan Pendukung Produksi </span>PT
Krakatau Steel<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................... </span>12</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Visi, Misi, dan Falsafah </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">PT Krakatau Steel</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................... </span>15</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB III
PENGOLAHAN dan PRODUKSI BESI</span></b><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................... </span>16</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pabrik
Besi Spons<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................... </span>16</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pabrik
Billet Baja<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................ </span>20</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pabrik
Slab Baja<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................................................. </span>22</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pabrik <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hot Strip Mill</i><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................................................... </span>28</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB IV
PENUTUP</span></b><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................. </span>32</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kesimpulan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................................................... </span>32</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: dotted 432.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Saran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................................... </span>33</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">LAMPIRAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/laporan-kunjungan-pt-krakatau-steel.html">Read more.....................</a> </span></b></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-12866815686557035172012-05-31T05:28:00.001-07:002012-05-31T05:28:16.845-07:00MAKALAH MAYONEISE<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Bauhaus 93"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;">INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN MAYONAISE</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Bauhaus 93"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">MAKALAH</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Disusun pada tanggal </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">21Desember</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 2011</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diajukan untuk memenuhi
salah satu tugas mata kuliah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kimia Larutan
Koloid</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">di Prodi Pendidikan
Kimia semester 7</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dibimbing oleh </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dr. Siti Suryaningsih M. Si.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh:</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rofa Yulia Azhar</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIM:
208204</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">137</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PROGRAM
STUDI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS
TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS
ISLAM NEGERI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SUNAN
GUNUNG DJATI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANDUNG</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2011
M/143</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
H</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "A Charming Font Expanded"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 22.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Segala puji dan syukur bagi Allah Swt.
yang telah melimpahkan potensi lahiriah (fitrah) pada manusia pada umumnya dan
pada penulis pada khususnya yang meliputi potensi beriman, bertakwa,
beramnal,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berilmu dan berihsan sehingga
penulis dapat menyelesaikan Makalah Ilmiah ini sesuai dengan harapan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Shalawat
dan salam semoga tercurah limpahkan kepada <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Leader of Moeslim</i>, Muhammad Saw., kepada keluarganya sahabatnya dan kepada
umatnya sampai akhir zaman.</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sedikit orang yang mengetahui bahwa mayonaise merupakan
salah satu sistem koloid. Mayonaise merupakan bahan pelezat utama dalam salad,
pizza, hamburger dan makanan modern lainnya. Pemakaiannya yang sudah sangat
umum menyebabkan mayonaise menjadi terkenal. Jika kita berbelanja ke
supermarket maka kita akan menemukan beragam mayonaise. Tapi inti dari semua
itu adalah harga mayonaise relatif mahal. Padahal jika proses pembuatannya
mayonaise dilakukan secara rumahan/mandiri, maka kita akan menemukan gap yang
sangat jauh antara harga di supermarket dengan uang yang harus kita keluarkan
untuk membuat mayonaise. Bahan utama pembuat mayonaise adalah kuning telur,
minyak dan larutan asam. Hal yang menyebabkan harga mayonaise mahal adalah
sulitnya menentukan komposisi yang tepat dari bahan pembuat mayonaise. Lewat
makalah ini diharapkan didapat pengetahuan baru mengenai pengolahan mayonaise
yang tepat, efektip dan efisien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam kesempatan ini penyusun ingin mengucapkan terima
kasih bagi pihak-pihak yang telah membantu penyusun dalam penyusunan makalah
ini. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Allah SWT.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">
yang telah memberikan taufik, rahmat, hidayah dan inayahnya kepada penyusun
sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan Makalah ini tepat pada waktunya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. Siti
Suryaningsih,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
M.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Si</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, selaku dosen pembimbing dalam penulisan makalah ini
yang telah memberikan inspirasi dan petunjuk penulisan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Misna
Sudjana dan Dedeh Widaningsih </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">selaku kedua
orang tua penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan baik moril maupun materil
serta yang telah memberikan gagasannya secara tidak langsung kepada penulis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dan
semua pihak</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang telah membantu penyusun
dimulai dari penjaga perpustakaan, penjaga warnet, tukang fotokopi, serta
pihak-pihak lainnya yang telah membantu penyusun yang tidak mungkin penyusun
sebutkan satu-persat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">u.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gajah mati meninggalkan
gading, Harimau mati meninggalkan belang</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Itulah pribahasa yang kiranya dapat mewakili harapan penulis dalam makalah ini.
Secercah harapan yang penyusun siratkan dalam Makalah ini adalah semoga Makalah
ini dapat berguna bagi semua pihak, manjadi amal baik bagi penyusun, menjadi
motivator bagi mahasiswa lainnya untuk menyusun Makalah yang lebih baik lagi
serta semoga menjadi buah yang manis kelak.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada gading yang
tak retak</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, begitu pula dengan karya yang penulis
buat ini. Maka dari itu penulis menantikan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari
semua pihak agar penulis dapat mengoreksi kesalahan tersebut dan sebagai bahan
pembelajaran bagi penulis dimasa yang akan datang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bandung, </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">20 Desember <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2011</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Penyusun</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "A Charming Font Expanded"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR ISI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt 117.0pt dotted 13.0cm blank 378.0pt dotted 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2 dotted;">...................................................................................... </span>1</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 72.0pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR ISI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt 189.1pt dotted 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt 148.85pt dotted 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB IPENDAHULUAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 99.0pt dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Latar Belakang Masalah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................ </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">4</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt 99.0pt 4.0cm dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumusan Masalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">5</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt 99.0pt 109.2pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tujuan Penelitian<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>5</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt 99.0pt 4.0cm dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Manfaat Penelitian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB IIPEMBAHASAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="display: none; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 1.0cm 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-hide: all; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-hide: all; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="display: none; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 1.0cm 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-hide: all; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-hide: all; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 1.0cm 70.9pt 99.0pt 127.6pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sejarah Pembuatan Mayonaise<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................. </span>7</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 1.0cm 70.9pt 99.0pt 127.6pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Proses Pembuatan Mayonaise<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................... </span>8</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 1.0cm 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kandungan Gizi Mayonaise dan Bahayanya<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................. </span>13</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 1.0cm 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pengolahan Limbah Industri Mayonaise<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................. </span>14</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt 99.0pt 148.85pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB II</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">I </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">PE</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">NUTUP</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 72.0pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.75pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simpulan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................. </span>1</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">6</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 54.0pt 2.0cm dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.75pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................................................... </span>1</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">6</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.0pt 189.1pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.0pt dotted 13.0cm 15.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................... </span>1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">7</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/makalah-kimia-koloid-makalah-mayoneise.html"> Read more.........................</a></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-39889811051819741822012-05-31T05:22:00.000-07:002012-05-31T05:22:23.419-07:00MAKALAH KIMIA INDUSTRI DAN KOLOID - MAKALAH KARET (SOL PADAT)<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MAKALAH</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KARET (SOL PADAT)</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Diajukan
sebagai salah satu tugas Pada Mata Kuliah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Kimia Koloid </span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Yang
di Bimbing Oleh Dr. Siti Suryaningsih, M.Si</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 236.25pt;">
<span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Disusun Oleh:</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rizki Maulana Akbar</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelas B/VII</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">208 204 135</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PRODI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN
KEGURUAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS ISLAM
NEGERI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>BANDUNG<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span> 2011</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KATA
PENGANTAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Puji syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang telah memberikan rahmat serta
hidayah-Nya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sehingga penyusunan makalah
ini dapat diselesaikan. Shalawat serta salam semoga tercurah limpahkan kepada
Nabi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muhammad SAW.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Makalah ini disusun untuk diajukan sebagai salah satu tugas pada mata
kuliah Kimia Koloid dengan judul <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Karet
(sol padat)”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Terima kasih disampaikan kepada Ibu Dr. Siti Suryaningsih, M.Si selaku
dosen mata kuliah Kimia Koloid yang telah membimbing dan memberikan kuliah
kepada kami dengan sangat sabar dan baik.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Demikianlah makalah ini disusun semoga bermanfaat agar dapat memenuhi
tugas mata kuliah Kimia Industri.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>Bandung,
19 Oktober 2011 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 269.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.65pt;">
Penyusun</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 269.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.65pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR ISI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kata Pengantar<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................. </span>ix</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Daftar Isi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................................................................... </span>x</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB I PENDAHULUAN<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................... </span>1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB II PEMBAHASAN<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................ </span>4</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengertian
Karet<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................. </span>4</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bahan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................. </span>4</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses Pembuatan
Karet<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................... </span>6</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Memperoleh Karet<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................. </span>12</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Manfaat Karet<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................... </span>18</span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 35.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Identifikasi Bahaya, Dampak (Keselamatan,
Kesehatan, dan Lingkungan), dan Pengendalian pada proses industri<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................ </span>20</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB III PENUTUP<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">......................................................................................... </span>27</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: right;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/makalah-kimia-industri-dan-kimia-koloid.html">Read more.............. </a></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-24678327874546886612012-05-31T05:10:00.002-07:002012-05-31T05:10:58.422-07:00MAKALAH KIMIA INDUSTRI - MAKALAH KECAP<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 36pt;">KECAP</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">Disusun
pada tanggal 8 November 2011</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">Diajukan
untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Kimia Koloid</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">di
Prodi Pendidikan Kimia semester 7</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">Dibimbing
oleh Dr.
Siti Suryaningsih, M.Si</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Oleh:</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rizki Maulana Akbar</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">NIM: 208204135</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">PROGRAM STUDI
PENDIDIKAN KIMIA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN
KEGURUAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS ISLAM
NEGERI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">BANDUNG</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">2011 M/1432 H</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Puji syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan rahmat serta
hidayah-Nya sehingga penyusunan makalah
ini dapat diselesaikan. Dan shalawat serta salam semoga tercurah limpahkan
kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Makalah ini disusun untuk diajukan sebagai salah satu tugas pada mata
kuliah Kimia Koloid dengan judul <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Kecap”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Terima kasih disampaikan kepada Ibu Dr. Siti Suryaningsih, M.Si selaku
dosen mata kuliah Kimia Koloid yang telah membimbing dan memberikan kuliah
kepada kami dengan sangat sabar dan baik. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Demikianlah makalah ini disusun semoga bermanfaat agar dapat memenuhi
tugas mata kuliah Kimia Koloid.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Bandung,
10 November 2011 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 288.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Penyusun</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 288.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 288.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR ISI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">Kata Pengantar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">Daftar Isi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">BAB II PEMBAHASAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 42.55pt dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Kecap</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 42.55pt dotted 13.0cm; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Proses dan Bahan-Bahan Pembuatan Kecap</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 42.55pt dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Pembahasan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 42.55pt dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Identifikasi Bahaya, Dampak (Keselamatan,
Kesehatan, dan Lingkungan), dan Pengendalian pada proses industri Kecap</div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 42.55pt dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Manfaat Kecap</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">BAB III PENUTUP</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: dotted 13.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span class="ilad"><b><span style="font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"> BAB I</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span class="ilad"><b><span style="font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span class="ilad"><b>A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></b></span><span class="ilad"><b>Latar Belakang</b></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
Kecap adalah cairan hasil fermentasi bahan nabati atau hewani
berprotein tinggi di dalam larutan garam. Kecap berwarna coklat tua, berbau
khas, rasa asin dan dapat mempersedap rasa masakan. Bahan baku kecap adalah
kedelai atau ikan rucah. Yang paling banyak diolah menjadi kecap adalah
kedelai. Mula-mula kedelai difermentasi oleh kapang (aspergillus sp dan
Rhizopus sp) menjadi semacam tempe kedelai,
kemudian “tempe” ini
dikeringkan dan direndam
di dalam larutan garam. Garam merupakan senyawa yang selektif terhadap
pertumbuhan mikroba. Hanya mikroba tahan garam saja yang tumbuh pada rendaman
kedelai tersebut. Mikroba yang tumbuh pada rendaman kedelai pada umumnya dari
jenis khamir dan bakteri tahan garam, seperti Zygosaccharomyces (khamir) dan
Lactobacillus (bakteri). Mikroba
ini merombak protein
menjadi asam-asam amino dan komponen rasa dan aroma, serta menghasilkan
asam. Fermentasi tersebut terjadi jika kadar garam cukup tinggi, yaitu antara
15 sampai 20%.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">B
. Rumusan Masalah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Apa
yang dimaksud kecap?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Apa
saja kandungan dari kecap?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
proses produksi dari kecap sehingga di dapat hasil yang berkualitas dan
berkuantitas ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
cara mengolah limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses industri tersebut?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/makalah-kimia-industri-makalah-kecap.html"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Read more................. </span></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-26982776469575487872012-05-29T11:22:00.000-07:002012-05-29T11:22:52.967-07:00RPP Kimia - Struktur Atom<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 147.4pt; text-indent: 32.6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(RPP)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama Sekolah : </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">SMAN 16 Bandung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 80.75pt; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mata Pelajaran : Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 80.75pt; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas/Semester : X/I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 80.75pt; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Materi :
Struktur Atom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 80.75pt; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Waktu :
2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> x 25 menit</span><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Jam pelajaran <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 80.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">I.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Standar Kompetensi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memahami
struktur atom, sifat-sifat periodik unsur, dan ikatan kimia.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 80.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">II.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompetensi Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memahami
struktur atom berdasarkan teori atom Bohr, sifat-sifat unsur, massa atom
relatif, dan sifat-sifat periodik unsur dalam tabel periodik serta menyadari
keteraturannya, melalui pemahaman konfigurasi elektron.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 80.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">III.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan tabel periodik
menurut Dobereiner, J. Newlands, Mendeleev dan tabel periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan dasar
pengelompokan unsur-unsur di dalam tabel periodik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan pengertian
golongan dan periode pada tabel periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">IV.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah mempelajari
materi ini siswa dapat :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan tabel periodik
menurut Dobereiner, J. Newlands, Mendeleev dan tabel periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 36.0pt 180.0pt 198.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan
dasar pengelompokkan unsur-unsur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan pengertian
golongan dan periode pada tabel periodik modern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://wildan-archibald.blogspot.com/p/rpp-kimia-struktur-atom.html" target="_blank">Read more.......</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-81400609536851622582012-05-14T08:46:00.002-07:002012-05-14T08:46:33.626-07:00APLIKASI TERMOKIMIA DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI<br />
<div class="Section1">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">APLIKASI
TERMOKIMIA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DALAM
KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">MAKALAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diajukan
untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Tugas Mata Kuliah Kimia Dasar II.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fakultas
Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t32" o:oned="t" o:spt="32" path="m,l21600,21600e">
<v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none">
<o:lock shapetype="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" o:connectortype="straight" strokeweight="4.5pt" style="height: 105.75pt; margin-left: 205.5pt; margin-top: 40.4pt; position: absolute; width: 0; z-index: 251660288;" type="#_x0000_t32"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" o:connectortype="straight" strokeweight="4.5pt" style="height: 105.75pt; margin-left: 258pt; margin-top: 39.65pt; position: absolute; width: 0; z-index: 251662336;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:shadow color="#7f7f7f [1601]" offset2="-1pt" offset="1pt" opacity=".5" type="perspective">
</v:shadow></v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" o:connectortype="straight" strokeweight="4.5pt" style="height: 159.75pt; margin-left: 232.55pt; margin-top: 12.2pt; position: absolute; width: 0; z-index: 251661312;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:shadow color="#7f7f7f [1601]" offset2="-1pt" offset="1pt" opacity=".5" type="perspective">
</v:shadow></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></v:shape></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Disusun
oleh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dio
Guntara (1211208021)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendidikan
Kimia II A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bandung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section2">
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413012"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410893"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364910"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364806"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364711"></a><a href="" name="_Toc322970303">KATA
PENGANTAR</a><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alhamdulillah
penulis panjatkan puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah swt., yang telah melimpahkan
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini tepat pada
waktunya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Makalah ini dibuat dari hasil
pembelajaran penulis selama satu semester di Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia yang ada
di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Penulis tertarik pada
materi pembelajaran tentang termokimia yang ada dalam mata kuliah kimia dasar
II semester dua. Oleh karena itu, penulis memberanikan diri untuk menyusun
makalah ini dengan judul “Aplikasi Termokimia Dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Penyusunan makalah ini dimaksudkan
untuk memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah Kimia Dasar II.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam penyusunan makalah ini,
penulis banyak mendapat bantuan dari berbagai pihak, baik berupa materi maupun
dorongan dan bimbingan. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang
sebesar-besarnya kepada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dra.
Cucu Zenab Subarkah, M.Pd., selaku Dosen mata kuliah Kimia Dasar II.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sari,
S.Pd., selaku Asisten Dosen mata kuliah Kimia Dasar II.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ayahanda
dan Ibunda yang telah memberikan dukungan, baik berupa materi, nasehat, maupun
doa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua
rekan-rekan yang telah membantu dalam pembuatan makalah ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meskipun
telah berusaha dengan segenap kemampuan, namun penulis menyadari bahwa makalah
ini masih banyak kekurangan dan jauh dari sempurna. Hal ini disebabkan oleh
beberapa kondisi di antaranya, masih perlu pembelajaran lebih mendalam tentang
pengkajian sumber-sumber termokimia, keterbatasan kemampuan dan pengetahuan
penulis. Oleh karena itu, dengan keterbukaan hati penulis mengharapkan kritik
dan saran yang bersifat membangun untuk kesempurnaan makalah ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akhir
kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih dan semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan
manfaat bagi kita semua.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 276.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Bandung,
April 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Penulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413013"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410894"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364911"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364807"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364712">DAFTAR
ISI</a><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 396.35pt;">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:
italic'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>TOC \o "1-2" \h \z \u <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413012"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">KATA
PENGANTAR</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc323413012 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">iii<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413013"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR ISI</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc323413013 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">v<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413014"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I
PENDAHULUAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc323413014 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413015"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.1</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Latar Belakang Masalah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413015 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413016"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.2</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Rumusan Masalah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413016 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">2<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413017"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.3</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tujuan Penulisan</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413017 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">2<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413018"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.4</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Manfaat Penulisan</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413018 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">3<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413019"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.5</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Metode Penulisan</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413019 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">3<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000310039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413020"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II
APLIKASI TERMOKIMIA DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc323413020 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413021"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.1</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Manfaat Termokimia</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413021 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413022"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.2</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Cara Kerja Termokimia didalam Buli-buli</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413022 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413023"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.3</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Penerapan Termokimia dalam Kabin Mobil</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413023 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413024"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.4</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kelemahan Termokimia</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413024 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">7<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 44.0pt right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413025"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.5</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Entalpi</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;display:none;
mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span>
PAGEREF _Toc323413025 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;">7<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413026"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III
KESIMPULAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc323413026 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">10<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413027"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB IV
RANGKUMAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc323413027 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">11<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 396.35pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Termokimia.docx#_Toc323413028"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc323413028 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">vi<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300320033003400310033003000320038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section4">
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413014"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410895"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364912"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364808"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364713">BAB
I<br />
PENDAHULUAN</a></h1>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 14.2pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413015"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410896"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364913"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364809"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364714"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.1<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Latar Belakang Masalah</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Termokimia dapat
didefinisikan sebagai bagian ilmu kimia yang mempelajari dinamika atau
perubahan reaksi kimia dengan mengamati panas/termalnya saja. Salah satu
terapan ilmu ini dalam kehidupan sehari-hari ialah reaksi kimia dalam tubuh
kita dimana produksi dari energi-energi yang dibutuhkan atau dikeluarkan untuk
semua tugas yang kita lakukan. Pembakaran dari bahan bakar seperti minyak dan
batu bara dipakai untuk pembangkit listrik. Bensin yang dibakar dalam mesin
mobil akan menghasilkan kekuatan yang menyebabkan mobil berjalan. Bila kita
mempunyai kompor gas berarti kita membakar gas metan (komponen utama dari gas
alam) yang menghasilkan panas untuk memasak. Dan melalui urutan reaksi yang
disebut metabolisme, makanan yang dimakan akan menghasilkan energi yang kita
perlukan untuk tubuh agar berfungsi. Hampir semua reaksi kimia selalu ada
energi yang diambil atau dikeluarkan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Termokimia membahas
hubungan antara kalor dengan reaksi kimia atau proses-proses yang berhubungan
dengan reaksi kimia. Dalam praktiknya termokimia lebih banyak berhubungan
dengan pengukuran kalor yang menyertai kimia atau proses-proses yang berhubungan
dengan perubahan struktur zat, misalnya perubahan wujud atau perubahan struktur
kristal. Untuk mempelajari perubahan kalor dari suatu proses perlu kiranya
dikaji beberapa hal yang berhubungan dengan energi apa saja yang dimiliki oleh
suatu zat, bagaimana energi tersebut berubah, bagaimana mengukur perubahan
energi tersebut, serta bagaimana pula hubungannya dengan struktur zat.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dengan kajian-kajian yang dilakukan
mengenai pengaplikasian termokimia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dan untuk
menguraikan permasalahan tersebut lebih detail lagi, penulis mencoba membuat
makalah yang isinya membahas tentang “Aplikasi Termokimia Dalam Kehidupan
Sehari-hari”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413016"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410897"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364914"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364810"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364715">1.2 Rumusan Masalah</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
uraian yang telah diungkapkan diatas, penulis dapat merumuskan masalah sebagai
berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa
manfaat termokimia?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
cara kerja termokimia didalam buli-buli (kantong air panas)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
penerapan termokimia dalam kabin mobil?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jelaskan
kelemahan termokimia!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa
yang dimaksud dengan entalpi?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413017"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410898"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364915"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364811"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364716">1.3 </a><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tujuan Penulisan</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Berdasarkan rumusan masalah diatas
dan hasil penelitian, penulis mempunyai beberapa tujuan yang ingin dicapai.
Adapun tujuannya sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat
menjelaskan manfaat termokimia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat
menjelaskan cara kerja termokimia didalam buli-buli (kantong air panas)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat
menjelaskan penerapan termokimia dalam kabin mobil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat
menjelaskan kelemahan termokimia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat
menjelaskan entalpi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt 304.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413018"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410899">1.4 </a><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Manfaat Penulisan</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penulisan
makalah ini memiliki manfaat sebagai berikut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manfaat Umum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Makalah hasil pengkajian penulis ini
dapat menunjang materi pembelajaran dan dapat dijadikan bahan baku referensi pembelajaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Manfaat Khusus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Penulis dapat menambah wawasan dan
pengetahuan penulis serta dapat melatih penulis untuk memiliki rasa ingin tahu
yang tinggi dan lebih telaten dalam mencari dan mengumpulkan sumber dan
informasi selama melakukan pengkajian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manfaat untuk penulis yang akan datang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Makalah hasil pengkajian sebelumnya
dapat dijadikan bahan referensi sumber untuk pembuatan makalah selanjutnya dan
dapat memberi gambaran dalam pengkajian yang akan dilakukannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413019"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410900">1.5 </a><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Metode Penulisan</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%;">
1.5.1 Subjek
Penulisan</h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Subjek Penulisan adalah kajian
tentang aplikasi termokimia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, yang pengambilan
datanya diambil dari berbagai buku yang berisi tentang aplikasi termokimia
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan dari berbagai sumber lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%;">
1.5.2 Prosedur
Penulisan</h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prosedur penulisan mengikuti
langkah-langkah sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan sumber-sumber yang akan
dijadikan referensi pembuatan makalah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengidentifikasi aplikasi termokimia
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyusun semua informasi yang telah
diperoleh untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang telah dibuat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413020"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410901"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364916"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364812"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364717">BAB
II<br />
APLIKASI TERMOKIMIA<br />
DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI</a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413021"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410902">2.1 Manfaat
Termokimia</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manfaat positif dari termokimia,
yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Dapat
mempelajari suatu bentuk energi yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia untuk bergerak
dalam bentuk energi kinetik dan tambahan-tambahan dalam melakukan proses
fotosintesis yang membutuhkan eergi dari sinar matahari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Dapat
mempelajari suatu sistem atau bagian alam semasta yang menjadi objek penelitian
serta lingkungan atau bagian alam semesta yang berinteraksi dengan satu sistem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413022"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410903">2.2 Cara
Kerja Termokimia didalam Buli-buli</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Prinsip kerja pada buli-buli
(kantong air) ini sama halnya seperti prinsip kerja termokimia pada termos
tempat penyimpanan air panas. Buli-buli biasanya digunakan untuk mengompres.
Cairan yang dimasukan kedalam buli-buli ini biasanya H<sub>2</sub>O bersuhu
tinggi (panas) atau H<sub>2</sub>O bersuhu rendah (dingin).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Air yang dimasukan kedalam buli-buli
biasanya bersuhu 36̊ C sampai 38̊ C jika panas. Buli-buli ini biasanya
dipergunakan untuk meredakan sakit kepala, sakit perut, gigi, keram dan pegal
dibagian otot kaki.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Secara konduksi dimana terjadi
pemindahan panas dari buli-buli kedalam tubuh sehingga akan menyebabkan
pelebaran pembuluh darah, sehingga akan terjadi penurunan ketegangan otot.
Kompres ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan buli-buli panas yang dibungkus dengan
kain, dengan suhu berkisar antara 36̊ C sampai 38̊ C yang ditempelkan pada sisi
kanan atau sisi kiri pada bagian tubuh yang dirasa sakit atau pegal akibat
ketegangan otot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Air panas yang ada didalam buli-buli
ini harus diganti secara berkala sekitar tiap 5 menit sekali. Supaya suhu
buli-buli dapat bertahan (tetap). Hal seperti ini dapat kita sebut dengan
reaksi eksoterm, karena suhu di luar buli-buli serta merta mempengaruhi keadaan
suhu didalam buli-buli. Yang pada akhirnya mengakibatkan suhu buli-buli
menurun, karena suhu diluar buli-buli lebih rendah daripada suhu yang ada
didalam buli-buli.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413023"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410904">2.3 Penerapan
Termokimia dalam Kabin Mobil</a></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Jika </span>a<span lang="EN-US">nda seorang y</span>an<span lang="EN-US">g mengendarai mobil silakan buka jendela setelah </span>a<span lang="EN-US">nda masuk mobil dan
jangan terburu-buru menyalakan AC. Hal ini dilakukan agar udara y</span>an<span lang="EN-US">g ada di dalam mobil
bisa segera keluar dan tergantikan dengan udara y</span>an<span lang="EN-US">g lebih segar. Ternyata udara y</span>an<span lang="EN-US">g ada di dalam mobil
(saat diparkir) mengandung Benzene/Bensol. Dari manakah Benzene ini berasal?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh UC</span>;<span lang="EN-US"> dashboard mobil, sofa,
air<br />
freshener akan memancarkan Benzene, hal ini bisa disebabkan oleh suhu<br />
ruangan y</span>an<span lang="EN-US">g
meninggi.</span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><strong>P<span lang="EN-US">enerapan termokimia dalam kabin</span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Tingkat Benzene yang dapat diterima dalam ruangan adalah 50mg per
sqft. Sebuah mobil yg parkir di ruangan dengan jendela tertutup akan berisi
400-800mg dari Benzene. Jika parkir di luar rumah di bawah sinar matahari pada
suhu di atas 60</span>̊ <span lang="EN-US">F, tingkat Benzene berjalan sampai 2000-4000mg, 40kali dengan
tingkat yang dapat diterima. Orang-orang di dalam mobil pasti akan menyedot
kelebihan jumlah toksin</span> (racun)<span lang="EN-US">.</span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><strong><span lang="EN-US">Bahaya Benzene</span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Jika korban menghirup toksin ini pada <em><span lang="EN-US">high level</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> benzene dapat mengakibatkan
kematian, sedangkan menghirup <em>low level</em> benzene dapat menyebabkan
kantuk, pusing, mempercepat denyut jantung, sakit kepala, tremors, kebingungan,
dan ketidaksadaran.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<em><span lang="EN-US">Long term</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> efeknya bisa menyebabkan
kerusakan pada sumsum tulang dan dapat menyebabkan penurunan sel darah merah,
yang mengarah ke anemia. Hal ini juga dapat menyebabkan perdarahan yang
berlebihan dan menurunkan sistem kekebalan, meningkatkan kesempatan infeksi,
menyebabkan leukemia dan lainnya yang terkait dengan kanker darah dan
pra-kanker dari darah.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Benzene adalah toksin yang menyerang hati, ginjal, paru-paru,
jantung dan otak dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kromosonal. Saat ini sedang
diadakan penelitian tentang pengaruh benzene terhadap tingkat kesuburan pria
dan wanita.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Benzene
adalah racun yang berbahaya karena tubuh kita kesulitan untuk<br />
mengeluarkan jenis racun ini. Karena itu sangat disarankan agar anda membuka
jendela dan pintu untuk memberikan waktu pada udara yang ada di dalam agar
keluar sebelum Anda masuk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413024"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410905">2.4 Kelemahan
Termokimia</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelemahannya yaitu jika seseorang semakin
mempelajari energi ini dalam skala yang lebih besar dan mendalam maka orang
tersebut ditakutkan dapat menjadi ancaman sebagai sumber kehancuran dunia.
Karena ilmu tentang termokimia ini bila kita kaji lebih dalam lagi, kita akan
menemukan hal-hal yang dapat merubah dunia ini ke dalam kehancuran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contohnya mempelajari energi nuklir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413025"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410906">2.5 Entalpi</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Entalpi adalah jumlah total dari
semua bentuk energi yang dimiliki dari suatu materi atau zat yang mempunyai isi
kalor tertentu, dengan simbol (H) yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani “Enthalpein”
yang berarti menghangatkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Besarnya entalpi (H) dari suatu zat
tidak dapat diukur, akan tetapi perubahan entalpi (∆H) yang dapat ditentukan,
yaitu perubahan kalor yang terjadi dalam suatu reaksi kimia. Dengan demikian,
besarnya entalpi dari suatu zat hanya bisa diketahui dari perubahannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Perubahan
Entalpi (∆H)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Entalpi dari suatu materi tidak
dapat dihitung, sedangkan yang dapat dihitung adalah perubahan entalpinya.
Istilah perubahan entalpi merujuk pada perubahan kalor selama suatu proses yang
dilakukan pada suatu tekanan yang konstan.<br />
<br />
Ada dua macam perubahan entalpi, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reaksi eksoterm (penurunan entalpi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu terjadi perubahan panas dari
sistem ke lingkungan, sehingga suhu lingkungan akan naik, sehingga ∆H berharga
negatif (-).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A= H dari pereaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B= H dari zat hasil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hpereaksi > Hzat hasil atau HA
> HB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sehingga: ∆H = Hzat hasil -
Hpereaksi= HB – HA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reaksi endoterm (kanaikan entalpi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu perpindahan panas dari
lingkungan kedalam sistem, sehingga suhu lengkungan akan turun, sehingga ∆H
berharga pisotif (+).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reaksi eksoterm terlihat bahwa kalor
dibebaskan dalam reaksi yang ditunjukkan oleh produk/hasil reaksi yang
mempunyai kalor/entalpi yang lebih rendah dari pada pereaksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reaksi endoterm terlihat dari hasil
reaksi yang mempunyai kalor yang lebih tinggi dari pada pereaksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-jenis perubahan entalpi
standar (∆Ho)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis perubahan entalpi yang dialami
oleh suatu zat kimia bergantung pada jenis reaksi/perubahan yang terjadi pada
zat kimia tersebut. Jadi, Perubahan entalpi standar adalah perubahan kalor yang
terjadi pada suatu reaksi yang berlangsung pada keadaan standar, yaitu pada
suhu 298̊ K ( 25̊ C) dan tekanan 1 atm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan entalpi pembentukan
standar (∆Hfo)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu perubahan entalpi pada
pembentukan 1 mol zat dari unsur-unsur penyusunnya pada keadaan standar 298̊ K
dan 1 atm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Entalpi penguraian standar (∆Hdo) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu perubahan entalpi dari suatu
reaksi penguraian 1 mol zat menjadi unsur-unsurnya pada keadaan standar 298̊ K
dan 1 atm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Entalpi pembakaran standar (∆Hco)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu perubahan entalpi pada
pembakaran 1 mol zat dengan gas O2 membentuk zat hasil pada keadaan standar
298̊ K dan 1 atm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penentuan harga perubahan entalpi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perhitungan besarnya energi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penentuan besarnya energi tidak bisa
dilakukan secara langsung, tetapi hanya bisa diukur perubahan suhu akibat
adanya transfer energi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">q = kalor (energi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m = massa air<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c = kalor jenis air = 1 kalori/gramoC
= 4,184 Joule /gram oC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">∆t = perubahan suhu = t2 – t1 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C = kapasitas panas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalorimetri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu proses pemgukuran kalor reaksi
melalui percobaan dengan alat kalorimeter dengan cara mengukur perubahan
suhunya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section6">
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413026"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410907"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364917"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364813"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364718">BAB
III<br />
KESIMPULAN</a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Didalam
termokimia ada istilah sistem dan lingkungan. Sistem yang dimaksud adalah
bagian dari alam yang dipelajari atau yang manjadi pokok perhatian dalam
termokimia yang dipelajari, yaitu perubahan energinya.<br />
Sedangkan lingkungan yang dimaksud adalah segala sesuatu di luar sistem, dengan
apa sistem melakukan dan mengadakan pertukaran energi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Energi
adalah kapasitas atau kemampuan untuk melakukan kerja atau usaha. Energi hanya
dapat diubah bentuknya dari bentuk yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Misalnya pada
pembangkit tenaga uap, perubahan energi dimulai dari energi panas yang terbentuk
di boiler berubah menjadi energi mekanik pada turbin, dan energi mekanik diubah
menjadi energi listrik pada generator.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bentuk energi antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)Energi kimia atau energi
potensial: adalah energi yang terismpan di dalam zat atau energi ikatan kimia
antar atom.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contohnya: energi dari gaya tarik
antar molekul, energi dari gerakan transisi molekul dan energi bentuk lain yang
terdapat di dalam zat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)Enegi listrik adalah bentuk energi
mekanik.\<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contohnya: energi mekanik pada
turbin yang terbentuk dari energi panas yang diubah menjadi energi listrik pada
generator dan penel solar mengubah energi matahari menjadi listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)Energi mekanik atau energi kinetik
adalah suatu bentuk energi gerak.<br />
Contohnya: manusia bergerak membutuhkan energi kinetik dan tumbuh-tumbuhan
dalam melakukan proses fotosintesis membutuhkan energi dari sinar matahari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Benzene
yang dapat diterima oleh ruangan mobil hanyalah 50 mg sqft sedangkan pada waktu
mobil di parkir dan terkena cahaya matahari langsung jumlah benzene didalamnya
bertambah menjadi 4000 mg, benzene yang ada dalam keadaan tersebut 40 kali
lebih banyak dengan benzene yang dapat di terima ruangan. Sebelum mobil
digunakan terlebih dahulu buka jendela kaca mobilnya untuk memberikan waktu
udara yang segar masuk menggantikan udara kotor yang ada didalamanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Entalpi adalah jumlah total dari
semua bentuk energi yang dimiliki dari suatu materi atau zat yang mempunyai isi
kalor tertentu, dengan simbol (H) yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani “Enthalpein”
yang berarti menghangatkan. Besarnya entalpi (H) dari suatu zat tidak dapat
diukur, akan tetapi perubahan entalpi (∆H) yang dapat ditentukan, yaitu
perubahan kalor yang terjadi dalam suatu reaksi kimia. Dengan demikian,
besarnya entalpi dari suatu zat hanya bisa diketahui dari perubahannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section7">
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413027">BAB IV<br />
RANGKUMAN</a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem
adalah bagian dari alam yang dipelajari atau yang menjadi pokok dalam
termokimia yang sedang dipelajari perubahan energinya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lingkungan
adalah segala sesuatu di luar sistem, dengan apa sistem melakukan dan
mengadakan pertukaran energi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Energi
adalah kapasitas atau kemampuan untuk melakukan kerja atau usaha.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan
perpindahan panas, maka sifat reaksi terbagi atas:<br />
Reaksi eksoterm, yaitu reaksi terjadi karena perpindahan panas dari sistem ke
lingkungan (energi dibebaskan).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanda ∆H < 0 (negatif) Reaksi
endoterm, yaitu reaksi yang terjadi karena perpindahan panas dari lingkungan ke
sistem. (energi diserap atau diperlukan). Tanda ∆H > 0 (positif)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peruahan
entalpi (∆H) standar adalah besarnya perubahan kalor yang terjadi pada suatu
reaksi yang berlangsung pada keadaan standar, yaitu suhu 25̊ C (289̊ K) 1 atm.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-Perubahan entalpi pembentukan
standar (∆Hfo) adalah besarnya kalor yang dilepaskan atau yang diserap pada
pembentukan 1 mol senyawa dari unsur-unsurnya.<br />
-Perubahan entalpi penguraian standar (∆Hdo) adalah besarnya kalor yang
dilepaskan atau yang diserap pada pembentukan 1 mol senyawa menjadi
unsur-unsurnya.<br />
-Perubahan entalpi pembakaran standar (∆Hco) adalah kalor yang dilepaskan (selalu
eksoterm) pada perubahan 1 mol zat (unsur atau senyawa).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalorimeter
adalah alat untuk mengukur besarnya energi yang dilepaskan atau diserap suatu
reaksi. Penentuannya dilakukan dengan cara mengukur perubahan suhu pada air.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc323413028"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323410908"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364918"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364814"></a><a href="" name="_Toc323364719">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</a></h1>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chang, Raymond. 2004.
“Kimia Dasar Konsep-Konsep Inti”. Edisi Ketiga-Jilid 2. Jakarta: Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keenan,
Dkk. 1984. “Kimia Untuk Universitas”. Jakarta: Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://agazzta.student.fkip.uns.ac.id/2009/11/29/kuliah-organik/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://agazzta.student.fkip.uns.ac.id/2009/11/29/kuliah-organik/</span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://ariffadholi.blogspot.com/2010/10/termokimia.html<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://diannovitasari.wordpress.com/penerapan-termokimia/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://diannovitasari.wordpress.com/penerapan-termokimia/</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://fourseasonnews.blogspot.com/2012/03/mekanisme-kerja-panas-pada-kompres.html<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia-smk/kelas_x/definisi-termokimia-dan-pengukuran-energi-dalam-reaksi-kimia/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia-smk/kelas_x/definisi-termokimia-dan-pengukuran-energi-dalam-reaksi-kimia/</span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-78054772249527229932012-05-14T08:44:00.001-07:002012-05-14T08:44:30.798-07:00MAKALAH SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH<br />
<div class="Section1">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SISTEM
PEREDARAN DARAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">MAKALAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diajukan
untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Tugas Mata Kuliah Biologi Umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fakultas
Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t32" coordsize="21600,21600"
o:spt="32" o:oned="t" path="m,l21600,21600e" filled="f">
<v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" shapetype="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:205.5pt;margin-top:40.4pt;width:0;height:105.75pt;z-index:1'
o:connectortype="straight" strokeweight="4.5pt"/><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028"
type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;margin-left:258pt;margin-top:39.65pt;
width:0;height:105.75pt;z-index:3' o:connectortype="straight" strokeweight="4.5pt">
<v:shadow type="perspective" color="#7f7f7f [1601]" opacity=".5" offset="1pt"
offset2="-1pt"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:232.55pt;margin-top:12.2pt;width:0;height:159.75pt;z-index:2'
o:connectortype="straight" strokeweight="4.5pt">
<v:shadow type="perspective" color="#7f7f7f [1601]" opacity=".5" offset="1pt"
offset2="-1pt"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
</div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="13" width="271"></td>
<td width="6"></td>
<td width="30"></td>
<td width="7"></td>
<td width="27"></td>
<td width="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="36"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="5" valign="top"><img height="220" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="7" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="1"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="148" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="6" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="147"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="148" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="6" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="35"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 143.85pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Disusun
oleh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelompok
8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 5.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dio Guntara 1211208021 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 5.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Eri Syarifah Sholihah 1211208025<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 5.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Euis Hapidoh Dohiroh 1211208027<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 5.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Euis Hasanah 1211208028<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 5.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Imam Agus Faisal H. 1211208037<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 161.7pt; text-indent: 18.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendidikan
Kimia A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bandung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<div class="MsoTitle">
<a href="" name="_Toc319929222">KATA PENGANTAR</a> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Alhamdulillah
penulis panjatkan puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah swt., yang telah melimpahkan
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini tepat pada
waktunya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Makalah ini dibuat dari hasil
pembelajaran penulis terhadap referensi-referensi yang penulis dapatkan, baik
berupa buku dan sumber-sumber lainnya. Penulis tertarik pada sirkulasi darah
didalam tubuh makhluk hidup. Oleh karena itu, penulis memberanikan diri untuk
menyusun makalah ini dengan judul “Sistem Peredaran Darah”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Penyusunan makalah ini dimaksudkan
untuk memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah Biologi Umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Dalam penyusunan makalah ini,
penulis banyak mendapat bantuan dari berbagai pihak, baik berupa materi maupun
dorongan dan bimbingan. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang
sebesar-besarnya kepada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dr.
Siti Suryaningsih, M.Si., selaku Dosen mata kuliah Biologi Umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Aang,
selaku Asisten Dosen mata kuliah Biologi Umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rekan-rekan
yang ikut serta dan membantu dalam
pembuatan makalah ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Meskipun
telah berusaha dengan segenap kemampuan, namun penulis menyadari bahwa makalah
ini masih banyak kekurangan dan jauh dari sempurna. Hal ini disebabkan oleh
beberapa kondisi di antaranya, masih perlu pembelajaran lebih mendalam tentang sirkulasi
darah yang ada didalam tubuh makhluk hidup, keterbatasan sumber, keterbatasan
kemampuan dan pengetahuan penulis. Oleh karena itu, dengan keterbukaan hati
penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun untuk
kesempurnaan makalah ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Akhir
kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih dan semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan
manfaat bagi kita semua.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 276.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Bandung,
Maret 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 276.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 269.35pt 276.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Penulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section3">
<div class="MsoTitle">
<a href="" name="_Toc319929223">DAFTAR ISI</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \t "Heading
4;1;Heading 5;1;Title;1" <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929222"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">KATA PENGANTAR</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929222 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ii<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929223"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">DAFTAR ISI</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929223 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">iv<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929224"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929224 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929225"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">A.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">LATAR
BELAKANG</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929225 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929226"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">B.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">RUMUSAN
MASALAH</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929226 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929227"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">C.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">TUJUAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929227 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929228"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">BAB II PEMBAHASAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929228 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929229"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">A.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">KOMPONEN
SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929229 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200320039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929230"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">1.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Darah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929230 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929231"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">a.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Plasma
Darah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929231 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929232"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">b.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sel-Sel Darah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929232 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929233"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">c.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mekanisme
penggumpalan darah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929233 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929234"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">d.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Penggolongan darah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929234 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929235"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">e.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Transfusi darah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929235 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929236"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">2.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pembuluh Darah</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929236 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929237"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">a.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pembuluh Nadi
(Arteri )</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929237 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929238"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">b.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pembuluh Balik (
Vena )</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929238 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929239"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">B.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">PEREDARAN DARAH
MANUSIA</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929239 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">10<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200330039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929240"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">C.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">KELAINAN
DAN GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929240 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">10<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929241"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">2.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Polisitemia</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929241 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929242"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">3.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Leukimia</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929242 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929243"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">4.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hemofilia</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929243 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929244"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">5.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Tekanan
Darah Tinggi (hipertensi)</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929244 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929245"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">6.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Tekanan
Darah Rendah (hipotensi)</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929245 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929246"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">7.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Varises</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929246 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929247"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">8.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Atherosklerosis
dan Arteriosklerosis</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929247 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929248"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">D.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">TEKNOLOGI
PADA SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929248 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929249"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">1.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ekokardiograf (
Echocardiography, ECG )</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929249 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200340039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929250"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">2.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pemindaian dengan
bahan radio aktif.</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929250 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929251"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">3.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Angioplasti.</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929251 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929252"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">4.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Operasi bypass
jantung.</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929252 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929253"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">E.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">SISTEM
PEREDARAN DARAH HEWAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929253 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929254"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">1.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sistem
Peredaran Darah Terbuka dan Tertutup</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929254 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929255"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">2.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sistem
Peredaran Darah pada Vertebrata</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929255 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">13<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929256"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">BAB III KESIMPULAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929256 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">14<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_Toc319929257"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
_Toc319929257 \h <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">15<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310039003900320039003200350037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4">
<div class="MsoTitle">
<a href="" name="_Toc319929224">BAB I <br clear="all" />
PENDAHULUAN</a></div>
<h4>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929225"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->LATAR BELAKANG</a></h4>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Dalam
hidupnya, organisme memerlukan makanan dan oksigen untuk melangsungkan
metabolisme. Proses metabolisme, selain menghasilkan zat-zat yang berguna juga
menghasilkan sampah (zat sisa) yang harus dikeluarkan dari tubuh. Bahan-bahan
yang diperlukan tubuh seperti makanan,oksigen, hasil metabolisme dan sisanya
diangkut dan diedarkan didalama tubuh melalui sistem peredaran darah. Hasil
pencernaan makanan dan oksigen diangkut dan diedarkan oleh darah keseluruh
jaringan tubuh, sementara sisa-sisa metabolisme diangkut oleh darah dari
seluruh jaringan tubuh menuju organ-organ pembuangan.</div>
<h4>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929226"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->RUMUSAN MASALAH</a> </h4>
<div class="paragraf2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -24.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apa saja komponen sistem peredaran darah
manusia?</div>
<div class="paragraf2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -24.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apa saja kandungan yang terdapat dalam sel darah?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929227"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->TUJUAN</a></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level7 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk mengetahui komponen sistem peredaran
darah manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level7 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk mengetahui kandungan yang terdapat
dalam darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<div class="MsoTitle">
<a href="" name="_Toc319929228">BAB II <br clear="all" />
PEMBAHASAN</a></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929229"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->KOMPONEN SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH</a></h1>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929230"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Darah</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Darah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="MsoBookTitle">Darah adalah
cairan yang terdapat pada semua makhluk hidup(kecuali tumbuhan) tingkat tinggi
yang berfungsi mengirimkan zat-zat dan oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh jaringan
tubuh, mengangkut bahan-bahan kimia hasil metabolisme, dan juga sebagai
pertahanan tubuh terhadap virus atau bakteri. Istilah medis yang berkaitan
dengan darah diawali dengan kata hemo- atau hemato- yang berasal dari bahasa
Yunani haima yang berarti darah<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoBookTitle"><sup><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></sup></span><!--[endif]--></sup></a>.</span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="MsoBookTitle">Darah adalah
jaringan terspesialisasi yang mencakup cairan kekuningan atau plasma darah yang
didalam nya terkandung sel-sel darah. Sel-sel darah terdiri dari sel darah
merah (eritrosit), sel darah putih (leukosit ) dan keping darah (trombosit).</span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="MsoBookTitle">Komposisi plasma
dalam darah sekitar 55%, sedangkan sel-sel darah dan trombosit sekitar 45%.</span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="MsoBookTitle">Sel dan keping
darah lebih berat dibandingkan plasma sehingga dapat di pisahkan melalui
prosedur yang di sebut sentrifugasi. (Marieb 2004; Solomonet al.2005)<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoBookTitle"><sup><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></sup></span><!--[endif]--></sup></a>.</span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fungsi
darah, yaitu sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengedarkan sari makanan ke seluruh tubuh yang
dilakukan oleh plasma darah. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengangkut sisa oksidasi dari sel tubuh untuk
dikeluarkan dari tubuh yang dilakukan oleh plasma darah, karbon dioksida
dikeluarkan melalui paru-paru, urea dikeluarkan melalui ginjal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Mengedarkan
hormon yang dikeluarkan oleh kelenjar buntu (endokrin) yang dilakukan oleh
plasma darah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengangkut oksigen ke seluruh tubuh yang dilakukan
oleh sel-sel darah merah. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membunuh kuman yang masuk ke dalam tubuh yang
dilakukan oleh sel darah putih.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menutup luka yang dilakuakn oleh keping-keping darah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Menjaga
kestabilan suhu tubuh.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929231"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Plasma Darah</a></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada manusia,
plasma darah mengandung sekitar 92 % air, 8 % protein,dan senyawa organik
lainnya.selain itu juga garam anorganik, terutama Nacl.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Plasma darah
berguna dalam pengaturan tekanan osmosis darah sehingga dengan sendirinya
jumlah nya dalam tubuh akan diatur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929232"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sel-Sel Darah</a><o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1031" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="sel-darah"
href="http://gurungeblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/sel-darah.gif" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:123.75pt;margin-top:46.9pt;width:225pt;
height:138.75pt;z-index:4;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text' wrapcoords="-144 0 -144 21483 21600 21483 21600 0 -144 0"
o:button="t">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif"
o:title="sel-darah"/>
<w:wrap type="through"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><a href="http://gurungeblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/sel-darah.gif"><img align="left" alt="sel-darah" border="0" height="185" hspace="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="300" /></a><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sel-sel darah adalah sel-sel yang
hidup. Sel-sel darah tidak terbelah, melainkan langsung di ganti oleh sel-sel
baru dari sum-sum tulang belakang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada tiga macam sel-sel darah yaitu :</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 4cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eritrosit (Sel darah merah)</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 4cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eritrosit berbentuk pipih dengan garis tengah 7,5cm,
eritrosit cekung dibagian tengahnya (bikonkaf) dan tidak berinti. (Istamar
syamsuri,dkk.2006).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Warna eritrosit tergantung pada hemoglobin. Hemoglobin
berfungsi mengikat oksigen (O<sub>2</sub>), jika hemoglobin mengikat O<sub>2</sub>,
maka eritrosit akan berwarna merah, jika O<sub>2</sub> telah di lepaskan maka
warnanya menjadi merah kebiruan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses Pembentukan eritrosit di sebut eritropoiesis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sel yang dapat membentuk eritrosit adalah hemositoblas
(sel batang mieloid) yang mampu berkembang menjadi berbagai sel dara. Dalam keadaan
normal, eritrosit bertahan selama rata-rata 120 hari. Saat sel menua, membran
sel rapuh dan pecah. Eritrosit tua dimusnahkan diorgan limpa (lien) dan hati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jumlah Eritrosit bervariasi, tergantung jenis kelamin,
usia dan ketinggian tempat tinggal seseorang. Konsentrasi eritrosit pada
laki-laki normal adalah : 5,1-5,8 juta permililiter kubik darah, dan pada
wanita normal 4,3-5,2 juta permililieter kubik darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2) Leukosit
( sel darah Putih)</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terdapat enam jenis leukosit dalam darah yaitu
neutrofil, eosinofil, basofil monosit, limfosit dan sel plasma. Neotrofil,
eosinofil, dan basofil memiliki granula-granula sehingga sering disebut
granulosit. Sedangkan limfosit dan monosit di sebut agranulasit (tidak
bergranula).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bahan-bahan yang di perlukan untuk membentuk leukosit
adalah uitamin dan asam amino seperti hal nya sel-sel lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Orang dewasa memiliki sekitar 4.800-10.800 leukosit
permililiter kubik darah, terdiri dari 62% neutrofil, 2.3% eosinofil, 0,4 %
basofil, 5,3 % monosit, dan 30 % limfosit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masa hidup leukosit berbeda-beda, granulosit sekitar
12 jam, monosit sulit dinilai karena selalu mengembara, tetapi diduga selama
beberapa minggu atau bulan, limsofit umumnya bertahun selama 100-300 hari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 4cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 4cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Trombosit (keping-keping darah)</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 4cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Trombosit berguna untuk menggumpalkan darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keping darah berbentuk cakram dan tidak berinti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masa hidup trombosit sekitar 8-10 hari, setelah itu
keping darah akan dibawah kelimpa untuk di hancurkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jumlah keping darah adalah 150 ribu 0 400 ribu per mm<sup>3</sup>
darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 3.0cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<i>Susunan Darah</i><a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></i></span></a>.
serum darah atau plasma terdiri atas:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air: 91,0%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Protein: 8,0% (Albumin, globulin,
protrombin dan fibrinogen).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mineral: 0.9% (natrium klorida, natrium
bikarbonat, garam dari kalsium, fosfor, magnesium dan zat besi, dll).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam.<br />
Plasma darah pada dasarnya adalah larutan air yang mengandung :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Albumin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahan pembeku darah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">immunoglobin (antibodi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hormon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berbagai jenis protein<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berbagai jenis garam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929233"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Mekanisme penggumpalan darah</a><o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 2cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembekuan darah terjadi dalam tiga
tahap yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jaringan luka papar ke darah, trombosit akan menempel
ke kologen jaringan dan mengeluarkan zat-zat yang membuat trombosit saling
berdekatan dan menempel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Trombosit akan membentuk sumbat yang memberi
perlindungan darurat sehingga terjadi kehilangan darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembentukan benang-benang fibrin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Faktor
penggumpalan darah dari trombosit bercampur dengan faktor penggumpalan darah
dari plasma darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tronbin akan
mengkatalisis perubahan pibrinogan menjadi benang-benang fibrin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929234"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penggolongan darah</a><o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aglutinogen adalah antigen-antigen dalam eritrosit
yang membuat sel peka terhadap penggumpalan darah (aglutinasi).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aglutinin adalah substansi yang menyebabkan
aglutinansi sel misalnya anti bodi. Dr.karl landsteiner seorang ahli imunologi
dan patologi berkebangsaan Autria (1868-1943), dan Julius Donath adalah penemu
perbedaan antigean dan antibodi dalam sel darah manusia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 4cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Golongan
darah sistem A B O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam sistem
ini darah digolongkan dalam 4 macam yaitu : A, B, AB,dan O.Apabila pada sel
darah merah seorang tidak terdapat anglutinogen A atau pun B maka darah di
golongkan O, jika hanya terdapat anglutinogen A darah di golongkan A, dan jika
hanya terdapat anglutinogen B darah di golongkan B, dan jika terdapat
anglutinogen A dan B darah digolongkan AB.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 92.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Golongan darah sistem Rhesus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Golongan
darah sistem Rhesus didasarkan atas ada dan tidaknya anglutinogen Rhesus (Rh)
yang disebut juga faktor Rhesus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929235"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Transfusi darah</a><o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada
Transfusi darah orang yang menerima darah disebut resipien pada pemberi darah
disebut donor. Sel darah yang diberikan kepada resipien adalah senyawa protein.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada umumnya
Transfusi dilakukan pada orang dalam kondisi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 4.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Orang mengalami kecelakaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 4.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tubuh terbakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 4.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Orang yang kekurangan darah akut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 4.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Orang yang
mengidap penyakit kronis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929236"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pembuluh Darah</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada
abad ke 17 seorang ahli fisiologi dari inggris, ya’ni William
Harvey (1578 – 1657), dari hasil
percobaannya dan berbagai percobaan ahli lain ditemukanlah pembuluh balik (vena).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_s1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="struktur pembuluh darah"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:3pt;margin-top:37.9pt;
width:222pt;height:158.25pt;z-index:5;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text' wrapcoords="-146 0 -146 21498 21600 21498 21600 0 -146 0">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg"
o:title="struktur pembuluh darah"/>
<w:wrap type="through"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img align="left" alt="struktur pembuluh darah" height="211" hspace="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_9" width="296" /><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tiga puluh
tahun kemudian seorang ahli anatomi italia Marcello Malpighi. Berhasil
menemukan pembuluh darah kapiller.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929237"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pembuluh Nadi (Arteri )</a><o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh
nadi adalah pembuluh yang membawah darah dari jantung dan umumnya mengandung
banyak oksigen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada saat
jantung berkontraksi (sisto) darah akan keluar dari bilik menuju pembuluh nadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh ini
tebal, elastis, dan memiliki sebuah kutup (Valvula semilunris) yang berada
terdapat diluar jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada dua
pembuluh nadi yang dilewati darah yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level4 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh nadi besar (aorta).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aorta adalah pembuluh yang dilewati
darah dari bilik kiri jantung menuju keseluruh tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 3cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh
nadi paru-paru (arteri palmonalis).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh nadi paru-paru adalah
pembuluh yang dilewati darah dari bilik kanan menuju paru-paru (pulmo).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929238"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pembuluh Balik ( Vena )</a><o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh
balik adalah pembuluh yang membawa darah kembali ke jantung, yang umumnya mengandung
karbondioksida.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada saat
jantung berelaksasi (Diastol), darah dari tubuh dan paru-paru akan masuk ke
jantung melalalui vena.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena
diselubungi oleh otot rangka dan memiliki sebuah katup yaitu Valvula
Semilunaris.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh
balik yang masuk ke jantung adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 103.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo19; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena Kava<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena
kava bercabang-cabang menjadi pembulu yang lebih kecil yaitu vena. Ada
dua macam vena kava, yaitu vena kava superior dan vena kava inferior.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 4cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena kava
superior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena ini membawa darah yang
mengandung CO<sub>2 </sub>dari bagian atas tubuh ( kepala, leher, keserambi
kanan jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 4cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena kava
inferior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena ini
membawa darah yang mengandung CO<sub>2 </sub>dari bagian tubuh lainnya dan
anggota badan bawah tubuh keserambi kanan jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 103.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena Pulmonalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vena ini
membawa darah yang mengandung O<sub>2</sub> dari paru-paru keserambi kiri
jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #984806; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Poin kunci: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh nadi (arteri) membawa darah
dari jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembuluh balik (vena) membawa darah
menuju jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jalur
peredaran darah</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jantung – aorta – arteri – arteriola
– kapiler – sel-sel tubuh – venula – vena – vena kava – jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8"
o:spid="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Struktur jantung" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:39.75pt;margin-top:27.75pt;width:218.25pt;
height:141pt;z-index:6;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text' wrapcoords="-148 0 -148 21370 21674 21370 21674 0 -148 0">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg"
o:title="Struktur jantung"/>
<w:wrap type="through"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img align="left" alt="Struktur jantung" height="188" hspace="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_8" width="291" /><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jantung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jantung
terletak didalam rongga dada serta terbungkus oleh Parikardia. Parikardia
terdiri dari dua lapis yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lamina pariestalis (sebelah luar), dan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lamina viseralis (menempel di dinding jantung)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Diantara
kedua lapis tersebut terdapat kavum parikardia yang berisi cairan pirikardia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jantung
terdiri dari 4 ruang yaitu : dua serambi (atrium) dan dua bilik (ventrikel).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jantung
dibentuk terutama oleh tiga jenis otot jantung (miokardia) yaitu, otot serambi,
otot bilik , serta serabut otot perangsang dan pengantar khusus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Detak Jantung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Detak
jantung setiap orang berbeda-beda tergantung pada usia, berat badan, jenis
kelamin, kesehatan, dan aktifitas seorang. Pada saat duduk, denyut nadi
seseorang 72 permenit. Tetapi pada saat berdiri denyut nadi mencapai 83
permenit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada
anak-anak, denyut nadi nya lebi cepat dibandingkan orang dewasa. Orang terkejut
denyut nadinya menjadi lebih cepat. (Istamar Syamsuri,dkk:2006)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929239"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada dua macam peredaran darah dalam
tubuh manusia yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peredaran
darah kecil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adalah
peredaran darah dibilik kanan jantung menuju paru-paru melewati arteri
pulmonalis dan kembali ke serambi kiri jantung melewati vena pulmonalis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peredaran
darah besar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adalah peredaran
darah dari bilik kiri jantung ke seluruh tubuh melalui aorta dan akhirnya
kembali ke serambi kanan jantung melalui vena kava.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Oleh karena
pada manusia terdapat kedua macam peredaran darah tersebut, maka manusia di
katakan memiliki peredaran darah ganda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem peredaran darah tertutup dan peredaran darah
ganda</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam
keadaan normal darah ada didalam pembuluh darah, ujung arteri bersambung dengan
kapiler darah dan kapiler darah bertemu dengan vena terkecil (venula) sehingga
darah tetap mengalir dalam pembuluh darah walaupun terjadi pertukaran zat, hal
ini disebut sistem peredaran darah tertutup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peredaran
darah ganda pada manusia, terdiri peredaran darah kecil (jantung –paru-paru –
kembali ke jantung) dan peredaran darah besar (jantung – seluruh tubuh dan
kembali ke jantung). Peredaran ini melewati jantung sebanyak 2 kali<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929240"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->KELAINAN DAN GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM PEREDARAN
DARAH</a></h1>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kelainan pada system peredaran darah manusi
dapat terjadi karena bawaan sejak lahir,kecelakaan,dan penyakit-penyakit
tertentu dalam waktu <a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx"><span style="color: #00483d; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">yang</span></a> lama. Penyakit akan
terjadi organ tubuh jika terjadi infeksi,sementara sistem pertahanan sudah
tidak sanggup menanggulanginya. Kelainan dan penyakit pada system peredaran
darah manusia antara lain<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level7 lfo4; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Anemia
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anemia
merupakan kondisi kekurangan jumlah sel darah merah atau hemoglobin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929241"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Polisitemia</a> </h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Polisitemia
di tandai dgn meningkatnya eritrosit melebihi normal,sehingga darah menjadi
kental.menaikan viskonsitas, dan menurunkan kecepatan aliran darah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929242"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Leukimia</a> </h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Leukimia
(kankerdarah) terjadi karena sel darah putih aktif membelah,sehingga produksi
leokosit terlalu banyak dan kemudian menahan sel darah merah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929243"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hemofilia</a> </h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hemophilia
merupakan penyakit darah sukar membeku.penderita dapat kehilangan banyak darah
hanya karena luka kecil,penyakit ini bersifat menurun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929244"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tekanan Darah Tinggi (hipertensi)</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hipertensi
terjadi jika sistol darah lebih tinggi </span><a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx"><span style="color: #00483d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 120 mmHg dan tekanan diastolnya lebih
tinggi dari 80 mmHg. Pada hipertensi otot jantung bekerja lebih keras yg akhir
nya membesar khususnya bilik kiri dan dapat mengakibatkan gagal
jantung,pendarahan otak (stroke),pecahnya pembuluh kapiler jantung dan pecah
nya pembuluh darah retina <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929245"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tekanan Darah Rendah (hipotensi)</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hipotensi
terjadi jika sistol darah kurang dari 120 mmHg dan tekanan diastol kurang dari
80 mmHg. Penderita hipotensi dapat mengalami pingsan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929246"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Varises</a> </h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Varises
merupakan pelebaran /pembesaran vena akibat tidak lancar nya aliran darah
menuju jantung,akibat nya darah terkumpul di vena <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929247"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Atherosklerosis dan Arteriosklerosis</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Atherosklerosis
merupakan penimbunan lemak pada arteri sedangkan arteriosklerosis adalah
penimbunan zat kapur/kalsium di dinding arteri sehingga mengeras</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929248"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->TEKNOLOGI PADA SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH</a></h1>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Beberapa contoh teknologi yang berkaitan dengan
sistem peredaran darah adalah sebagai berikut<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>:</div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929249"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ekokardiograf ( Echocardiography, ECG )</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ECG berguna untuk mendiagnosis
penyakit dan gangguan pada tutup jantung, penyakit jantung bawaan, gagal
jantung, tumor di jantung, dan gangguan fungsi Ventrikel kiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929250"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pemindaian dengan bahan radio aktif.</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Metode ini digunakan untuk memeriksa
rasa nyeri dada atau memastikan hasil uji dari penggunaan metode lain, dan
memeriksa hasil terapi jantung atau operasi bypass.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929251"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Angioplasti.</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cara ini dilakukan untuk membuka
aliran darah pada pembuluh darah yang tersumbat oleh plak ( timbunan lemak ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929252"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Operasi bypass jantung.</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Operasi bypass sering kali dilakukan
terhadap pasien yang menderita penyumbatan pembuluh darah orteri jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929253"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH HEWAN</a></h1>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929254"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sistem Peredaran Darah Terbuka dan Tertutup</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada hewan tingkat tinggi ( ber sel
banyak ) terdapat dua sistem peredaran darah, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem Peredaran darah terbuka adalah peredaran atau
distribusi darah keseluruh tubuh ( jaringan ) yang tidak selalu melewati
pembuluh darah. Kadang darah secara langsung menuju jaringan tubuh tanpa
melalui pembuluh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem Peredaran darah tertutup adalah sirkulasi darah
keseluruh tubuh melalui pembuluh-pembuluh darah pada sistem ini, darah
diedarkan melewati arteri dan kembali kejantung melewati vena.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc319929255"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sistem Peredaran Darah pada Vertebrata</a></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<div class="MsoTitle">
<a href="" name="_Toc319929256">BAB III <br clear="all" />
KESIMPULAN</a></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Komponen-komponen
sistem peredaran darah manusia terdiri atas darah, pembuluh darah,serta
jantung. Dan darah manusia terdiri dari plasma darah dan sel-sel darah, yaitu
sel darah merah (eritrosit), sel darah putih (leukosit) dan keping darah,
(trombosit).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kandungan
didalam sel darah merah terdapat pigmen protein pengikat oksigen dan
karbondioksida, yaitu hemoglobin. Sel darah putih terdiri dari loukesit
gronulosit (Netrofil, eosinofil, basofil) dan leukosit agranulosit (monosit,
limfosit). Trombosit berfungsi membekukan darah. Didalam serum terdapat
antibodi (kekebalan).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pembuluh
darah meliputi pembuluh nadi dan pembuluh balik. Perbedaan darah manusia
tergolong peredaran tertutup dan ganda.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="paragraf1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoTitle">
<a href="" name="_Toc319929257">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://gurungeblog.wordpress.com/2008/10/31/sistem-transportasiperedaran-darah-pada-manusia/">http://gurungeblog.wordpress.com/2008/10/31/sistem-transportasiperedaran-darah-pada-manusia/</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://e-dukasi.net/index.php?mod=script&cmd=Bahan%20Belajar/Materi%20Pokok/view&id=94&uniq=589">http://e-dukasi.net/index.php?mod=script&cmd=Bahan%20Belajar/Materi%20Pokok/view&id=94&uniq=589</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://kiddrockstrange.blogspot.com/2011/10/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html">http://kiddrockstrange.blogspot.com/2011/10/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/biology/2163662-sistem-peredaran-darah-pada-manusia/#ixzz1oyxnCo6H"><span style="color: #003399;">http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/biology/2163662-sistem-peredaran-darah-pada-manusia/#ixzz1oyxnCo6H</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://mily.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/sistem-peredaran-darah/"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://mily.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/sistem-peredaran-darah/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian
darah yang diambil dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Pengertian darah yang diambil dari </span><a href="http://mily.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/sistem-peredaran-darah/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://mily.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/sistem-peredaran-darah/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="http://gurungeblog.wordpress.com/2008/10/31/sistem-transportasiperedaran-darah-pada-manusia/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://gurungeblog.wordpress.com/2008/10/31/sistem-transportasiperedaran-darah-pada-manusia/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="http://kiddrockstrange.blogspot.com/2011/10/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://kiddrockstrange.blogspot.com/2011/10/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///H:/SISTEM%20PEREDARAN%20DARAH.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://mily.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/sistem-peredaran-darah/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://mily.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/sistem-peredaran-darah/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-4881670825177409982012-05-14T08:42:00.000-07:002012-05-14T08:42:10.355-07:00ASAM FORMIAT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENCELUPAN UNTUK PEWARNAAN PADA TEKSTIL<br />
<div class="Section1">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ASAM FORMIAT SEBAGAI BAHAN
PENCELUPAN<br clear="all" />
UNTUK PEWARNAAN PADA TEKSTIL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Diajukan
untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas<br clear="all" />
Mata Kuliah Kimia Dasar II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Disusun
Oleh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 5.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dio
Guntara (1211208021)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 5.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Euis
Hasanah (1211208028)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 5.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Fithriyah
(1211208032)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 5.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 5.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Semester
: II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Jurusan
: Pendidikan Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BANDUNG<br />
2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section2">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pendahuluan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Latar
Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pencelupan
adalah suatu proses pemberian warna pada bahan tekstil secara merata dan baik,
sesuai dengan warna yang diinginkan. Pencelupan dilakukan dengan memilih zat
warna yang sesuai dengan serat. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemilihan
zat warna yang sesuai untuk serat merupakan suatu hal yang penting. Pewarnaan
akan memberikan nilai jual yang lebih tinggi. Efisiensi zat warna sangat
penting dimana harga – bahan kimia cenderung mengalami kenaikan. Selain itu
efektifitas kecocokan warna harus diperhatikan kerena merupakan faktor utama
penentu mutu produk tekstil.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Zat
warna yang digunakan dalam proses pencelupan pada tekstil adalah dengan
menggunakan asam formiat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rumusan
Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kenapa
bahan yang digunakan dalam proses pencelupan adalah asam formiat ?<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana
tahap pencelupan yang sempurna dengan menggunakan asam formiat ?<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">C. Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk
mengetahui kegunaaan dari asam formiat<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk
mengetahui hasil pencelupan yang sempurna dengan menggunakan asam formiat<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ASAM FORMIAT SEBAGAI BAHAN
PENCELUPAN<br clear="all" />
UNTUK PEWARNAAN PADA TEKSTIL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Asam
formiat sebagai bahan dalam proses pencelupan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Asam
formiat atau asam metanoat yang juga dikenal sebagai asam semut adalah senyawa
organik yang mengandung gugus karboksil (-CO2H) dan merupakan bagian dari
senyawa asam karboksilat. Asam formiat ini pertama kali diperoleh oleh ahli
kimia pada abad pertengahan melalui proses penyulingan semut merah dengan rumus
molekul HCOOH.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Asam
formiat adalah salah satu zat yang digunakan sebagai bahan dalam proses
pencelupan warna pada tekstil, karena pada zat ini memiliki banyak fungsi yang
berguna untuk mengatur pH pada proses pemutihan, pencelupan/ pewarnaan. Asam
formiat merupakan asam yang lebih kuat dari asam asetat sehingga menghasilkan
produk yang lebih baik. Keunggulan lain dari zat warna asam formiat adalah
warnanya yang cerah, hal tersebut karena ukuran partikelnya relatif kecil,
Karena gugus pelarut zat warna dibasik lebih banyak gugus pelarutnya, maka
kelarutannya makin tinggi, akibatnya pencelupannya menjadi lebih mudah rata, tetapi
tahan luntur hasil celupan terhadap pencuciannya akan berkurang. Selain itu
dibanding zat warna asam monobasik jumlah maksimum zat warna asam dibasik yang
dapty terserap oleh serat wol atau sutera menjadi lebih kecil, terutama bila
suasana larutan celup kurang begitu asam, karena dalam kondisi seperti itu
tempat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU_HKSCS;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">tempat positif pada
bahan terbatas. Jadi untuk pencelupan zat warna tua dalam kondisi tersebut
sebaiknya digunakan zat warna asam formiat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pencelupan
yang sempurna dengan menggunakan asam formiat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Jika
menginginkan hasil pencelupan yang maksimal dalam pewarnaan pada tekstil, maka
di bantu dengan menggunakan zat warna yaitu asam formiat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pencelupan
pada umumnya terdiri dari melarutkan atau mendispersikan zat warna dalam air
atau medium lain, kemudian memasukkan bahan tekstil kedalamlarutan tersebut,
sehingga terjadi penyerapan zat warna kedalam serat penyerapan, ini terjadi
karena reaksi eksotermik ( mengeluarkan panas ) dan keseimbangan. Jadi, pada
pencelupan terjadi tiga peristiwa penting yaitu : Melarutkan zat warna dan
mengusahakan agar larutan zat warna bergerak menempel pada bahan peristiwa ini
disebut migrasi.Mendorong larutan zat warna agar dapat terserap, menempel pada
bahan peristiwa ini disebut absorbsi.Penyerapan zat warna dari permukaan bahan
kedalam bahan, peristiwa inidisebut dipusi, kemudian terjadi fiksasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada
tahap ini diperlukan bantuan luar seperti : menaikan suhu, menambahzat pembantu
seperti garam dapur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penutup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Simpulan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Asam
formiat merupakan senyawa organik yang mengandung gugus karboksil<br />
(-CO2H) dan merupakan bagian dari senyawa asam karboksilat . Zat ini berfungsi
dalam proses pencelupan untuk pewarnaan pada tekstil karena ukuran partikelnya
relatif kecil dibanding zat warna asam monobasik yang permukaan
partikel-partikelnya lebih besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Zat
asam formiat sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas bahan tekstil yang dihasilkan,
zat ini memiliki keunggulan di banding zat lain karena asam formiat memiliki
banyak fungsi yang berguna untuk mengatur pH pada proses pemutihan, pencelupan
atau pewarnaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Saran
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Saran
yang dapat kami sampaikan apabila kita
ingin menghasilkan hasil celupan yang
berkualitas, maka pilihlah zat warna yang sesuai dengan bahan tersebut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Daftar
Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="http://lestarieka.wordpress.com/2011/07/01/asam-format/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://lestarieka.wordpress.com/2011/07/01/asam-format/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/51891606/PENCELUPAN-KAIN-SUTERA-DENGAN-ZAT-WARNA-ASAM"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/51891606/PENCELUPAN-KAIN-SUTERA-DENGAN-ZAT-WARNA-ASAM</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/43147537/Pencelupan-Kain-Kapas-Cotton-dengan-Zat-Warna-Direk"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/43147537/Pencelupan-Kain-Kapas-Cotton-dengan-Zat-Warna-Direk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-57624594548951566152012-05-14T08:33:00.000-07:002012-05-14T08:33:00.932-07:00MAKALAHPKN - OTONOMI DAERAH<br />
<div class="Section1">
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421066"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358650"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356614">KATA PENGANTAR</a><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Puji
syukur panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan yang Maha Esa
karena berkat rahmatnya penyusun dapat berhasil menyelesaikan makalah
yang berjudul “Otonomi Daerah”. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi tugas mata
kuliah PKN. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
makalah ini dijelaskan tentang otonomi daerah. Makalah ini terdiri dari tiga bab.
Bab I berisi Pendahuluan, Bab II berisi Pembahasan, dan Bab III berisi
kesimpulan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan
adanya makalah ini diharapkan agar mahasiswa dapat mengetahui otonomi daerah.
Makalah ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan maka dari itu kritik dan saran sangat diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Somoga
makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca dan masyarakat luas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 312.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Bandung
Nopember 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 316.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Penyusun
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421067"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358651"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356615">DAFTAR ISI</a><span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>TOC \o "1-2" \h \z \u <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421066">KATA PENGANTAR<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421066 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000360036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421067">DAFTAR
ISI<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421067 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000360037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421068">BAB
I PENDAHULUAN<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421068 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000360038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421069">A.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Latar
Belakang Masalah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421069 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000360039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421070">B.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Rumusan
Masalah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421070 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421071">C.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Tujuan
Penulisan<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421071 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421072">BAB
II PEMBAHASAN<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421072 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421073">A.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Pengertian
Otonomi Daerah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421073 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421074">B.Aspek Otonomi Daerah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421074 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421075">C.
Prinsip dan Tujuan Otonomi Daerah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421075 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421076">D.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Hakikat
Otonomi Daerah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421076 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421077">F.
Otonomi Daerah Dan Demokratisasi<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421077 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">17</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421078">BAB
III PENUTUP<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421078 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">19</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421079">Kesimpulan<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421079 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">19</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000370039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_Toc310421080">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc310421080 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">20</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310030003400320031003000380030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTocHeading" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section2">
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421068"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358652"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356616">BAB I<br />
PENDAHULUAN</a><span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421069"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358653"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356617"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang Masalah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keadaan
geografis indonesia yang berupa kepulauan berpengaruh terhadap mekanisme
pemerintahan negara Indonesia. Dengan keadaan geografis yang berupa kepulauan
ini menyebabkan pemerinyah sulit mengkoordinasi pemerintahan yang ada di
daerah. Untuk memudahkan pengaturan atau penataan pemerintahan, maka diperlukan
adanya suatu sistem pemerintahan yang dapat nerjalan secara efisien dan mandiri
tetapi tetap terawasi dari pusat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Di
era revormasi ini, sangat dibutuhkan sistem pemerintahan yang memungkinkan
cepatnya penyaluran aspirasi rakyat, namun tetap berada di bawah pengawasan
pemerintah pusat. Hal tersebut sangat dibutuhkan karena mulai munculnya
ancaman-ancaman terhadap keutuhan NKRI, hal tersebut ditandai dengan banyaknya
daerah yang ingin memisahkan diri dari Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber
daya alam daerah di Indonesia yang tidak merata juga merupakan salah satu
penyebab diperlukannya suatu sistem pemerintahan yang menegakan pengolahan sumber
daya alam yang merupakan sumner pendapatan daerah sekaligus menjadi pendapatan
nasional. Seperti yang kita ketahui, bahwa terdapat beberapa daerah yang
pembangunannya memang harus lebih cepat daripada daerah lain. Karena itulah
pemerintah pusat membuat suatu sistem pengelolaan pemerintahan di tingkat
daerah yang disebut Otonomi Daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada
kenyataannya, otonomi daerah itu sendiri tidak bisa diserahkan begitu saja pada
pemerintah daerah. Selain diatur dalam perundang-undangan, pemerintah pusat
juga harus mengawasi keputusan-keputusan yang diambil oleh pemerintah daerah.
Apakan sudah sesuai dengan tujuan nasional, yaitu pemerataan pembangunan di
seluruh wilayah republik Indonesia berdasarkan pada sila kelima Pancasila,
yaitu Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421070"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358654"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356618"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apa
pengertian dari otonomi daerah?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apa aspek
dari otonomi daerah?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apa prinsif
dan tujuan dari otonomi daerah?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apa hakikat
dari otonomi daerah?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bagaimana
hubungan antara otonomi daerah dan demokratisasi?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421071"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358655"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356619"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Penulisan</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui pengertian dari otonomi daerah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui aspek dari otonomi daerah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui prinsif dan tujuan dari otonomi daerah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui hakikat dari otonomi daerah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui hubungan antara otonomi daerah dan demokratisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section3">
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310358656"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356620"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310421072">BAB II<br />
PEMBAHASAN</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<h1>
<o:p> </o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421073"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358657"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356621"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengertian Otonomi Daerah</span></span></a><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Istilah otonomi berasal dari bahasa
Yunani autos yang berarti sendiri dan namos yang berarti Undang-undang atau
aturan. Dengan demikian otonomi dapat diartikan sebagai kewenangan untuk
mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangga sendiri (Bayu Suryaninrat; 1985).<a href="" name="more"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Beberapa pendapat ahli yang dikutip
Abdulrahman (1997) mengemukakan bahwa :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F. Sugeng Istianto, mengartikan otonomi daerah sebagai
hak dan wewenang untuk mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangga daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Ateng
Syarifuddin, mengemukakan bahwa otonomi mempunyai makna kebebasan atau
kemandirian tetapi bukan kemerdekaan. Kebebasan yang terbatas atau kemandirian
itu terwujud pemberian kesempatan yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Syarif Saleh, berpendapat bahwa otonomi
daerah adalah hak mengatur dan memerintah daerah sendiri. Hak mana diperoleh
dari pemerintah pusat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Pendapat lain dikemukakan oleh
Benyamin Hoesein (1993) bahwa otonomi daerah adalah pemerintahan oleh dan untuk
rakyat di bagian wilayah nasional suatu Negara secara informal berada di luar
pemerintah pusat. Sedangkan Philip Mahwood (1983) mengemukakan bahwa otonomi
daerah adalah suatu pemerintah daerah yang mempunyai kewenangan sendiri yang
keberadaannya terpisah dengan otoritas yang diserahkan oleh pemerintah guna
mengalokasikan sumber sumber material yang substansial tentang fungsi-fungsi
yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan otonomi daerah tersebut,
menurut Mariun (1979) bahwa dengan kebebasan yang dimiliki pemerintah daerah
memungkinkan untuk membuat inisiatif sendiri, mengelola dan mengoptimalkan
sumber daya daerah. Adanya kebebasan untuk berinisiatif merupakan suatu dasar
pemberian otonomi daerah, karena dasar pemberian otonomi daerah adalah dapat
berbuat sesuai dengan kebutuhan setempat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kebebasan yang terbatas atau
kemandirian tersebut adalah wujud kesempatan pemberian yang harus
dipertanggungjawabkan. Dengan demikian, hak dan kewajiban serta kebebasan bagi
daerah untuk menyelenggarakan urusan-urusannya sepanjang sanggup untuk
melakukannya dan penekanannya lebih bersifat otonomi yang luas. Pendapat
tentang otonomi di atas, juga sejalan dengan yang dikemukakan Vincent Lemius
(1986) bahwa otonomi daerah merupakan kebebasan untuk mengambil keputusan
politik maupun administrasi, dengan tetap menghormati peraturan perundang-undangan.
Meskipun dalam otonomi daerah ada kebebasan untuk menentukan apa yang menjadi
kebutuhan daerah, tetapi dalam kebutuhan daerah senantiasa disesuaikan dengan
kepentingan nasional, ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terlepas dari itu pendapat beberapa
ahli yang telah dikemukakan di atas, dalam Undang-undang Nomor 32 tahun 2004
dinyatakan bahwa otonomi daerah adalah kewenangan daerah untuk mengatur dan
mengurus kepentingan masyarakat setempat menurut prakarsa sendiri berdasarkan
aspirasi masyarakat dalam ikatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421074"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358658"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356622"><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">B.Aspek Otonomi Daerah</span></span></a><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Beranjak dari rumusan di atas, dapat
disimpulkan bahwa otonomi daerah pada prinsipnya mempunyai tiga aspek, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aspek Hak dan Kewenangan untuk mengatur dan mengurus
rumah tangganya sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Aspek kewajiban
untuk tetap mengikuti peraturan dan ketentuan dari pemerintahan di atasnya,
serta tetap berada dalam satu kerangka pemerintahan nasional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Aspek kemandirian dalam pengelolaan keuangan baik
dari biaya sebagai perlimpahan kewenangan dan pelaksanaan kewajiban, juga
terutama kemampuan menggali sumber pembiayaan sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Yang dimaksud dengan hak dalam
pengertian otonomi adalah adanya kebebasan pemerintah daerah untuk mengatur
rumah tangga, seperti dalam bidang kebijaksanaan, pembiyaan serta perangkat
pelaksanaannnya. Sedangkan kewajban harus mendorong pelaksanaan pemerintah dan
pembangunan nasional. Selanjutnya wewenang adalah adanya kekuasaan pemerintah
daerah untuk berinisiatif sendiri, menetapkan kebijaksanaan sendiri,
perencanaan sendiri serta mengelola keuangan sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan demikian, bila dikaji lebih
jauh isi dan jiwa undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004, maka otonomi daerah
mempunyai arti bahwa daerah harus mampu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berinisiatif sendiri yaitu harus mampu menyusun dan
melaksanakan kebijaksanaan sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Membuat
peraturan sendiri (PERDA) beserta peraturan pelaksanaannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Menggali
sumber-sumber keuangan sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Memiliki alat
pelaksana baik personil maupun sarana dan prasarananya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421075"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358659"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356623"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C. Prinsip dan Tujuan Otonomi Daerah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Otonomi daerah dan daerah otonom,
biasa rancu dipahami oleh masyarakat. Padahal sebagaimana pengertian otonomi
daerah di atas, jelas bahwa untuk menerapkan otonomi daerah harus memiliki
wilayah dengan batas administrasi pemerintahan yang jelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Daerah otonomi adalah wilayah
administrasi pemerintahan dan kependudukan yang dikenal dalam Undang-undang
Nomor 32 tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Dengan demikian jenjang daerah
otonom ada dua bagian, walau titik berat pelaksanaan otonomi daerah dilimpahkan
pada pemerintah kabupaten/kota. Adapun daerah provinsi, berotonomi secara
terbatas yakni menyangkut koordinasi antar/lintas kabupaten/kota, serta
kewenangan pusat yang dilimpahkan pada provinsi, dan kewenangan kabupaten/kota
yang belum mampu dilaksanakan maka diambil alih oleh provinsi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara konsepsional, jika dicermati
berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004, dengan tidak adanya perubahan
struktur daerah otonom, maka memang masih lebih banyak ingin mengatur pemerintah
daerah baik provinsi maupun kabupaten/kota. Disisi lain, pemerintah
kabupaten/kota yang daerah otonomnya terbentuk hanya berdasarkan kesejahteraan
pemerintahan, maka akan sulit untuk berotonomi secara nyata dan
bertanggungjawab di masa mendatang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam diktum menimbang huruf (b)
Undang-undang Nomor 22 tahun 1999, dikatakan bahwa dalam penyelenggaraan
otonomi daerah, dipandang perlu untuk lebih menekankan pada prinsip-prinsip
demokrasi, peran serta masyarakat, pemerataan dan keadilan serta mempertimbangkan
potensi dan keanekaragaman daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Otonomi daerah dalam Undang-Undang
Nomor 22 tahun 1999 adalah otonomi luas yaitu adanya kewenangan daerah
untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan yang mencakup semua bidang pemerintahan
kecuali kewenangan di bidang politik luar negeri, pertahanan keamanan,
peradilan, moneter dan fiskal, agama serta kewenangan-kewenangan bidang
lainnya yang ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah. Di samping itu,
keleluasaan otonomi maupun kewenangan yang utuh dan bulat dalam penyelenggaraannya,
mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, pengendalian dan evaluasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam penjelesan Undang-Undang Nomor
22 Tahun 1999, dikatakan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan otonomi nyata adalah
keleluasaan daerah untuk menyelenggarakan kewenangan pemerintah di bidang
tertentu yang secara nyata ada dan diperlukan serta tumbuh, hidup dan
berkembang di daerah. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan otonomi yang bertanggung
jawab adalah berupa perwujudan pertanggung jawaban sebagai konsekuensi
pemberian hak dan kewenangan kepada daerah dalam wujud tugas dan kewajiban yang
harus dipikul oleh daerah dalam mencapai tujuan pemberian otonomi berupa
peningkatan pelayanan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang semakin baik, serta
pemeliharaan hubungan yang serasi antara pusat dan daerah serta antar daerah
dalam rangka menjaga keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Atas dasar pemikiran di atas¸ maka
prinsip-prinsip pemberian otonomi daerah dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 22 tahun
1999 adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah dilaksanakan dengan
memperhatikan aspek demokrasi, keadilan, pemerataan serta potensi dan
keanekaragaman daerah yang terbatas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah didasarkan pada
otonomi luas, nyata dan bertanggung jawab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah yang luas dan utuh
diletakkan pada daerah Kabupaten dan daerah kota, sedang otonomi daerah
provinsi merupakan otonomi yang terbatas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah harus sesuai dengan
kontibusi negara sehingga tetap terjalin hubungan yang serasi antara pusat dan
daerah serta antar daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah harus lebih meningkatkan
kemandirian daerah otonom, dan karenanya dalam daerah Kabupaten/daerah kota
tidak ada lagi wilayah administrasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">f)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah harus lebih meningkatkan
peranan dan fungsi badan legislatif daerah, baik fungsi legislatif, fungsi
pengawas maupun fungsi anggaran atas penyelenggaraan pemerintah daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">g)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Pelaksanaan
azas dekonsentrasi diletakkan pada daerah provinsi dalam kedudukannya sebagai
wilayah administrasi untuk melaksanakan kewenangan sebagai wakil daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">h)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pelaksanaan azas tugas pembantuan dimungkinkan, tidak
hanya dari pemerintah kepada daerah, tetapi juga dari pemerintah dan daerah
kepada desa yang disertai dengan pembiayaan, sarana dan prasarana, serta sumber
daya manusia dengan kewajiban melaporkan pelaksanaan dan mempertanggung
jawabkan kepada yang menugaskannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adapun tujuan pemberian otonomi
kepada daerah adalah untuk meningkatkan daya guna dan hasil guna
penyelenggaraan pemerintah dan pembangunan guna meningkatkan pelayanan kepada
masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sejalan dengan pendapat di atas, The
Liang Gie dalam Abdurrahman (1987) mengemukakan bahwa tujuan pemberian otonomi
daerah adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengemukakan kesadaran bernegara/berpemerintah yang
mendalam kepada rakyat diseluruh tanah air Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Melancarkan
penyerahan dana dan daya masyarakat di daerah terutama dalam bidang perekonomian<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421076"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358660"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356624"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hakikat Otonomi Daerah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Desentralisasi
dalam kerangka sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintah sering digunakan secara campur
baur (interchangeably). Desentralisas sebagai mana didefinisikan perserikatan
bangsa-bangsa (PBB) adalah:<br />
Desentralisasi terkait dengan masalah pelimpahan wewenang dari pemerintah pusat
yang berada di ibu kota negara baik melalui secara dekonsentrasi, misalnya
pendelegrasian, kepada pejabat di bawahnya maupun melalui pendelegasian kepada
pemerintah atau perwakilan d daerah.<br />
Sedangkan pengertian otonomi dalam makna sempit dapat diartikan sebagai
”mandiri ”. Sedangkan dalam makna yang luas diartikan sebagai ” berdaya”.
Otonomi daerah engan demikian berarti kemandirian suatu daerah dalam kaitan
pembuatan dan pengambilan keputusan mengenai kepentingan daerahnya sendiri. <br />
Namun demikian, pelaksanan desentralisasi haruslah dilandasi argumentasi yang
kuat baik secara teoritik ataupun empirik. Kalangan teoritis pemerintah dan
politik mengajukan sejumlah argumen yang menjadi dasar atas pilihan tersebut
sehingga dapat dipertanggung jawabkan baik secara empirik atau pun
normatif-teoritik. Di antara berbagai argumentasi dalam memilih desentralisasi-otonomi
daerah adalah:<br />
1. Untuk terciptanya efesensi dan efektifitas penyelenggara pemerintah.<br />
2. Sebagai sarana pendidikan politik.<br />
3. Pemerintah daerah sebagai persiapan untuk karir politik lanjutan.<br />
4. Stabilitas politik.<br />
5. Kesetaraan politik (political equlity).<br />
6. Akuntabilitas publik<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
<br />
Kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah daerah akan dapat diawasi secara langsung
dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepada masyarakat karena masyarakat terlibat
secara langsung dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintah malalui proses pemilihan
secara langsung. <br />
<br />
<i>Visi Otonomi Daerah</i> <br />
Otonomi daerah sebagai kerangka penyelenggaraan pemerintah mempunyai visi yang
dapat dirumuskan dengan yang lainnya: politik, ekonomi, sosisl dan budaya. Visi
otonomi daerah di bidang sosial dan budaya mengandung pengertian bahwa otonomi
daerah harus diarahkan pada pengelola , penciptaan dan pemeliharaan integrasi
dan harmoni sosial. Pada saat yang sama, visi otonomi daerah dibidang sosial
dan budaya adalah memelihara dan mengembangkan nilai, tradisi, karya cipta,
bahasa dan karya sastra lokal yang di pandang kondusif dalam mendorong
masyarakat untuk merespon positif dinamika kehidupan di sekitarnya dan
kehidupan global. <br />
<br />
<i>Bentuk dan Tujuan Desentralisasi dalam
Konteks Otonomi Daerah</i> <br />
<br />
Rondinelli membedakan empat bentuk desentralisasi, yaitu deconcentration,
delegtion to semi-autonomous and parastatal agencies, develution to local
governments, dan nongovernment institutions(privatization). Dekonsentrasi hanya
berupa pergeseran volume pekerjaan dari departemen pusat kepada perwakilannya <br />
<br />
Desentralsasi dalam Negara Kesatuan dan Negara Federal: Sebuh Perabandingan.<br />
Dalam dimensi karakter dasar yang dimilki oleh struktur pemerintahan
regional/lokal pemerintah daerah dalam negara kesatuan tidak memiliki soverienitas
(kedaulatan), sedangkan dalam nagara federal merupakan struktur asli yang
memiliki karakter kedaulatan. Dalam pembahasan sistem federal dikenal pembagian
kekuasaan dan kewenangan secara vertikal antara negara bagian dan federal.
Soveneritas dalam negara federal lazimnya didefinisikan sebagai kompetensi dan
bukan sebagai kedaulatan awal negara bagian. Dalam perspektif teori negara
federal dualitis (dualistiche bundesstaatstheorie), kepemilikan bersanma
kedaulatan antara negara bagian dan federal bukanlah suatu kemustahilan<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<br />
<br />
</span><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">E. Sejarah Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Undang-undang nomor 22 tahun 1948 berfokus pada
pengaturan tentang susunan pemerintahan daerah yang demokratis. Di dalam
undang-undang ini ditetapkan 29 (dua) jenis daerah, yaitu daerah otonom biasa
dan daerah otonom istimewa, serta 3(tiga) tingkatan daerah otonom yaitu
propnsi, kabupaten/kota besar dan desa/kota kecil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Sistem Otonomi Daerah</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Yang
dimaksud dengan faham atau sistem otonomi disini ialah patokan tentang cara
penentuan batas-batas urusan rumah tangga daerah dan tentang tata cara
pelimpahan wewenang dari pemerintah pusat kepada daerah menurut suatu prinsip
atau pola pemikiran tertentu. (Sujamto; 1990) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Banyak
istilah yang digunakan oleh para ahli untuk menerjemahkan maksud tersebut
diatas. Penulis paling tidak mengidentifikasi ada empat istilah yang digunakan
oleh para ahli untuk memahaminya. Istilah-istilah itu antara lain <i>sistem,
paham, ajaran, pengertian. </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adapun
mengenai faham atau atau system otonomi tersebut pada umumnya orang mengenal
ada dua faham atau system pokok, yaitu faham atau system otonomi materiil dan
faham atau system otonomi formal. Oleh Sujamto (1990) kedua istilah ini lazim
juga disebut <i>pengertian rumah tangga materiil (materiele huishoudingsbegrip)
</i>dan <i>pengertian rumah tangga formil (formeele huishoudingsbegrip)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koesoemahatmadja
(1978) menyatakan ada tiga ajaran rumah tangga yang terkenal yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Ajaran
Rumah Tangga Materiil <i>(materiele huishoudingsleer)</i> atau Pengertian Rumah
Tangga Materiil <i>(materiele huishoudingsbegrip),</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Ajaran
Rumah Tangga Formil <i>(formil</i> <i>huishoudingsleer)</i> atau Pengertian
Rumah Tangga Formil <i>(formeele huishoudingsbegrip)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Ajaran
Rumah Tangga Riil (<i>riele huishoudingsleer)</i> atau Pengertian Rumah Tangga
Riil <i>(riele huishoudingsbegrip)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada <i>ajaran
rumah tangga meteril</i> bahwa dalam hubungan antara pemerintah pusat dan
pemerintah daerah ada pembagian tugas yang jelas, dimana tugas-tugas tersebut
diperinci dengan jelas dan diperiinci dengan tegas dalam Undang –Undang tentang
pembentukan suatu daerah. Artinya rumah tangga daerah itu hanya meliputi
tugas-tugas yang telah ditentukan satu persatu dalam Undang-Undang
pembentukannya. Apa yang tidak termasuk dalam perincian tidak termasuk dalam
rumah tangga daerah, melainkan tetap berada ditangan pemerintah pusat. Jadi ada
perbedaan sifat materi antara tugas pemerintah pusat dam pemerintah daerah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adapun
mengenai <i>ajaran rumah tangga formil</i> disini tidak terdapat perbedaan
sifat antara tugas-tugas yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah pusat dan oleh
pemerintah daerah. Apa yang dapat dikerjakan oleh pemerintah pusat pada
prinsipnya dapat dikerjakan pula oleh pemerintah daerah demikian pula
sebaliknya. Bila ada pembagian tugas maka itu didasarkan atas pertimbangan
rasional dan praktis. Artinya pembagian tugas itu tidaklah disebabkan karena
materi yang diatur berbeda sifatnya, melainkan semata-mata karena keyakinan
bahwa kepentingan daerah itu lebih baik dan berhasil jika diselenggarakan
sendiri daripada diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah pusat. Jadi pertimbangan <i>efisiensilah
</i>yang menentukan pembagian tugas itu bukan disebabkan oleh perbedaan sifat
dari urusan yang menjadi tanggung jawab masing-masing<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perkembangan kebijakan otonomi daerah di Indonesia </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. UU Nomor
1 Tahun 1945 Tentang Pembentukan Komite Nasional Daerah.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam pasal
18 UUD 1945, dikatakan bahwa, “Pembagian daerah Indonesia ataas dasar daerah
besar dan daerah kecil, dengan bentuk susunan pemerintahannya ditetapkan dengan
Undang-Undang, dengabn memandang dan mengingat dasar permusyawaratan dalam
system pemerintahan Negara, dan hak-hak asal usul dalam daerah yang bersifat
istimewa”. Oleh karena itu Indonesia dibagi dalam daerah-daerah yang lebih
kecil yang bersifat otonom yang pengaturanya dilakukan dengan Undang-undang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peraturan
perundangan yang pertama yang mengatur otonomi daerah di Indonesia adalah
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1945. Undang-Undang ini dibuat dalam keadaan
darurat, sehingga sehingga hanya mengatur hal-hal yang bersita darurat dan
segera saja. Dalam batang tubuhnyapun hanya terdiri dari 6 (enam ) pasal saja
dan sama sekali tidak memiliki penjelasan. Penjelasan kemudian dibuat oleh
Menteri Dalam Negeri dan tentang penyerahan urusan kedaerah tidak ada
penjelasdan secara eksplisit<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam
undang-undang ini menetapkan tiga jenis daerah otonom, yaitu keresidenan,
kabupaten dan kota berotonomi. Pada pelaksanaannya wilayah Negara dibagi
kedalam delapan propinsi berdasarkan penetapan Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan
Indonesia (PPKI) tanggal 19 Agustus 1945. Propinsi-propinsi ini diarahkan untuk
berbentuk administrative belaka, tanpa otonomi. Dalam perkembangannya
khususnya, Propinsi Sumatera, propinsi berubah menjadi daerah otonom. Di
propinsi ini kemudian dibentuk Dewan Perwakilan Sumatera atas dasar Ketetapan
Gubernur Nomor 102 tanggal 17 Mei 1946, dikukuhkan dengan PP Nomor 8 Tahun
1947. Peraturan yang terakhir menetapkan Propinsi Sumatera sebagai Daerah
Otonom. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari uraian
diatas maka tidak dapat dilihat secara jelas system rumah tangga apa yang
dianut oleh Undang-undang ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b.
Undang-Undang Pokok tantang Pemerintahan Daerah Nomor 22 Tahun 1948.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peraturan
kedua yang mengatur tentang otonomi daerah di Indonesia adalah UU nomor 22
tahun 1948 yang ditetapkan dan mulai berlaku pada tanggal 15 April 1948.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam UU
dinyatakan bahwa daerah Negara RI tersusun dalam tiga tingkat yakni :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Propinsi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b.
Kabupaten/ Kota Besar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Desa/
Kota Kecil, negeri, marga dan sebagainya a s/d c tyang berhak mengatur dan
mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri. (Soejito;1976) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam
undang-undang ini tidak dinyatakan mengenai <i>system rumah tangga</i> yang
dianutnya. Oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui system mana yang dianutnya, kita
harus memperhatikan pasal-pasal yang dimuatnya. Terutama yang mengatur
batas-batas rumah tangga daerah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketentuan
yang mengatur hal ini terutama terdapat pada pasal 23 yang terdiri dari 2
ayatsebagi berikut <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Dewan
Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangganya daerahnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Hal-hal
yang masuk urusan rumah tangga tersebut dalam ayat 1 ditetapkan dalam
undang-undang pembentukan bagi tiap-tiap daerah. (Sujamto;1990)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari kedua
pasal diatas terlihat bahwa luas daripada urusan rumah tangga atau kewenangan
daerah dibatasi dalam undang-undang pembentukannya. Daerah tidak memiliki
kewenangan untuk mengatur atau mengurus urusan-urusan diluar yang telah
termasuk dalam daftar urusan yang tersebut dalam UU pembentukannya kecuali
apabila urusan tersebut telah diserahkan kemudian dengan UU.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari uraian
di atas terlihat bahewa UU ini menganut <i>system</i> atau <i>ajaran materiil</i>.
Sebagai mana dikatakan Nugroho (2001) bahwa peraturan ini menganut menganut
otonomi material., yakni dengan mengatur bahwa pemerintah pusat menentukan
kewajiban apasaja yang diserahkan kepada daerah. Artinya setiap daerah otonom
dirinci kewenangan yang diserahkan, diluar itu merupakan kewenangan pemerintah
pusat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hanya saja
system ini ternyata tidak dianut secara konsekwen karena dalam UU tersebut
ditemukan pula ketentuan dalam pasal 28 ayat 4 yang berbunyi: “Peraturan daerah
tidak berlaku lagi jika hal-hal yang diatur didalamnyakemudian diatur dalam
Undang-Undang atau dalam Peraturan pemerintah atau dalam teraturan Daerah yang
lebih tinggi tingkatannya”. (Sujamto;1990)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketentuan
ini terlihat jelas membawa ciri system rumah tangga formil bahwa. Jadi pada
dasarnya UU ini menganut dua system rumah tangga yaitu formil dan materil.
Hanya saja karena sifat-sifat system materiil lebih menonjol maka namyak yang
beranggapan UU ini menganut system Materil. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perlu
dicatat bahwa pada 27 Desember 1949 RI menandatangani Konferensi Meja Bundar,
dimana RI hanya sebagai Negara bagian dari Republik Indonesia Serikat yang
wilayahnya hanya meliputi Jawa, Madura, Sumatera ( minus Sumatera Timur), dan
Kalimantan. Dengan demikian maka hanya pada kawasan ini sajalah UU ini
diberlakukan sampai tanggal 17 Agustus 1950 saat UUD sementara diberlakukan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun1957 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam
perjalannya UU ini mengalami dua kali penyempunaan yaitui dengan Penetapan
Presiden Nomor 6 Tahun 1959 dan Penetapan Presiden Nomor 5 Tahun 1960. Adapun
nama resmi dari system otoniomi yang dianut adalah <i>system otonomi riil, </i>sebagaimana
secara tegas dinyatakan dalam memori penjelan UU tersebut. (Soejito;1976) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketentuan yang mencirikan tentang
system otonomi yang dianutnya terdapat pada pasal 31 ayat 1,2 dan 3 sebagai
berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Dewan
Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah mengatur dan mengurus segala urusan rumah tangga
daerahnya kecuali urusan yang oleh Undang-undang diserahkan kepada peguasa
lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Dengan
tidak mengurangi ketentuan termaksud dalam ayat 1 diatas dalam peraturan
pembentukan ditetapkan urusan-urusan tertentu yasng diatur dan diurus oleh
dewan perwakilan Rakyat Daerah sejak saat pembentukannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Denagn
peraturan pemerintah tiap-tiap waktu dengan memperhatikan kesanggupan dan
kemampuan dari masing-masing daerah, atas usul dari dewan perwakilan rakyat
daerah yang bersangkutan dan sepanjang mengenai daerah tingkat II dan III
setelah minta pertimbangan dari dewan pemerintah daerah dari daderah setingkat
diatasny, urusan-urusan tersebut dalam ayat 2 ditambah denga urusan lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari
ketentuan-ketentuan tersebut terlihat bahwa ciri-ciri system otonomi riil jauh
lebih menonjol dibandingkan dengan yang tedapat dalam UU nomor 22 tahun 1948.
karena itu tidak aneh jika banyak para ahli yang tetap menganggabnya sebagai <i>sistem
otonomi formil.</i> Tetapi karena dualisme yang dianutnya seperti telihat pada
pasal 31 ayat 2 diatas maka tidak salah juga unutk mengatakan bahwa UU ini
menganut system yang dapat diberi nama sendiri yaitu <i>system otonomi riil. </i>(Sujamto;1990)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penyempurnaan
pertama terhadap UU ini dilakukan berdasarkan Penetapan Presiden Nomor 6
tahun1959. pemberlakukan PP dilatar belakangi oleh kembalinya RI kedalam sistem
Negara kesatuan dengan diberlakukannya kembali UUD 1945 melalui dDekrit
Presiden 5 Juli 1959 menggantikan UUD Sementara tahun 1950. dalam peraturan ini
daerah tetap dibagi dalam tiga tingkatan, namun dengan perbedaan bahwa Kepala
Daerah I dan II tidak bertanggung jawab kepada DPRD I dan II sehingga dualisme
kepemimpinan di daerah dihapuskan. Kepala Daerah berfungsi sebagi alat pusat di
Daerah dan Kepala Daerah diberi kedududukan sebagai <i>Pegawai Negara. </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d. Undang-undang Nomor 18 tahun 1965
</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">UU ini
hampir seluruhnya melanjutkan ketentuan yang ada dalam UU Nomor 1 tahun 1957
dan Penetapan Presiden Nomor 6 tahun 1959 serta Nomor 5 tahun 1960.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dikatakan
oleh Sujamto (1990) Seperti halnya UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1957 UU ini juga menyatakan
diri menganut <i>Sistem Otonomi Riil. </i>Bahkan dalam penjelasan umumnya
banyak sekali mengoper bagian dari penjelasan umum UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1957.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam pelaksanaannya
meski konsepsinya menyatakan adalah penyerahan otonomi daerah secara riil dan
seluas-luasnya, namun kenyataannya otonomi daerah secara kesel;uruhan masih
berupa penyerahan oleh pusat.daerah tetap menjadi actor yang pasif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e. UU Nomor 5 tahun 1974 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berbeda
dengan dua UU terdahulu ( UU Nomor 1 tahun 1957 dan UU Nomor 18 tahun 1965)
yang menyatakan diri menganut <i>system otonomi riil </i>UU nomor 5 tahun 1974
tidak berbicara apa-apa mengenai system otonomi yang dianutnya. UU ini
menyatakan <i>otonomi yang nyata dan bertanggung jawab </i>bukan sebagai <i>system</i>
atau <i>faham </i>atau <i>pengertian </i>akan tetapi sebagai suatu <i>prinsip.
(</i>Sujamto; 1990)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebagaimana
diketahui pada masa pemerintahan Orde baru melakukan perombakan secara mendasar
dalam penyelenggaraan desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah, melalui kebijakan yang
tertuang di garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara (GBHN) dalam Ketetapan MPR No.
IV/MPR/1973, yang antara lain mengatakan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Asas
desentralisai digunakan seimbang dengan asas dekonsentrasi dimana asas
dekonsentrasi tidak lagi dipandang sebagai suplemen atau pelengkap dari asas
desentralisasi ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Prinsip
yang dianut tidak lagi prinsip otonomi yang seluas-luasnya, melainkan otonomi
yang nyata dan bertanggungjawab. Di kemudian hari, MPR dengan ketetapan MPR
Nomor IV/MPR/1978 menambahkan kata dinamis di samping kata nyata dan
bertanggungjawab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurut
Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1974, otonomi daerah adalah hak, wewenang dan
kewajiban daerah untuk mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri sesuai
dengan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang berlaku. Dalam Undang-undang ini juga
menganut prinsip otonomi yang nyata dan bertanggung jawab. Prinsip ini dianut
untuk mengganti sistem otonomi rill dan seluas-luasnya yang dianut oleh
Undang-undang Nomor 18 Tahun 1965.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adapun ketentuan yang mengatur
mengenai pembatasan terhadap luasnya urusan rumah tangga daerah dapat dilihat
dalam beberapa pasal berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Pasal 5
yang merupakan ketentuan yang belum pernah ada pada semua UU terdahulu yaitu
yang mengatur tentang penghapusan suatu daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Pasal 7
yang berbunyi daerah berhak, berwenang dan berkewajiban mengatur dan mengurus
rumah tangga sendiri sesuai dengan peraturan perundang undangan yang berlaku;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Pasal 8
ayat 1 berbunyi “Penambahan penyerahan urusan pemerintahan ditetapkan dengan
Peraturan Pemerintah”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. Pasal 9
yang berbunyi “sesuatu urusan pemerintahan yang telah diserahkan kepada daerah
dapat ditarik kembali dengan pengaturan perundang-undangan yang setingkat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5. pasal 39
yang mengatur pembatasan-pembatasan terhadap ruang lingkup materi yang yang
dapat diatur oleh Peraturan Daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari ketentuan-ketentuan diatas maka
terlihat sesungguhnya UU adalah menganut system atau <i>ajaran rumah tangga
material</i> . dalam UU ini tidak ditemukan ketentuan yang mengatakan tentang
gugurnya suatu Peraturan Daerah apabila materinya telah diatur dalam Peraturan
perundang-undangan atau dalam peraturan daerah yang lebih tinggi yang merupakan
ciri dari <i>system rumah tangga formil.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">f. UU Nomor
22 tahun 1999 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebagaimana
UU Nomor 5 tahun 1974 dalam UU ini juga tidak dinyatakan secara gamblang
tentang system atau ajarang rumah tangga yang dianutnya. Unutk dapat mengetahui
system atau ajaran yang dianut kita harus melihatnya pada pasal-pasal yang
mengatur tentang pembatasan kewenangan atau luasnya uruasan yang diberikan
kepada daerah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam UU
sebutan daerah tingkat I dan II sebagaimana UU Nomor 5 tahun 1974 dihilangkan
menjadi hanya daerah propinsi dan daerah kabupaten/ kota. Hierarki antara
propinsi dan Kabupaten/ kota ditiadakan. Otonomi yang luas diberikan kepada
daerah kabupaten dan daerah kota. Sedangkan propinsi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adapun ketentuan yang mengatur
mengenai pembatasan terhadap luasnya urusan rumah tangga daerah dapat dilihat
dalam beberapa pasal berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 37.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Dalam
pasal 7 dinyatakan bahwa kewenangan daerah mencakup kewenangan dalam seluruh
bidang pemerintahan, kecuali kewenangan dalam politik luar negeri, pertahanan
keamanan, peradilan, moneter dan fiscal, agama serta kewenangan bidang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 37.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Dalam
pasal 9 dinyatakan Kewenangan propinsi sebagai daerah otonom mencakup
kewenangan dalam bidang pemerintahan yang bersifat lintas kabupaten dan kota
serta kewenangan yang tidak atau belum dilaksankan oleh kabupaten dan kota.
Selain itui kewenangan propinsi sebagai daerah administrative mencakup
kewenangan dalam bidang pemerintahan yanmg dilimpahkan kepada gubernur selaku
wakil pemerintah pusat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 37.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Dalam
pasal 10 ayat 1 daerah berwenang mengelola sumberdaya nasional yang tersedia
diwilayahnya dan bertanggung jawab memelihara kelestarian lingkungan sesuai
dengan perundang-undangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 37.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. Dalam
pasal 11 dinyatakan bahwa kewenangan daerah kabupaten dan kota mencakup semua
kewenangan pemerintahan selain kewenangan yang dikecualikan dalam pasal 7 dan
yang diatur dalam pasal 9. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari uraian diatas terlihat system
atau ajaran rumah tangga yang digunakan atau danutnya adalah perpaduan antara <i>ajaran
rumah tangga material</i> dan <i>ajaran rumah tangga formil</i>. Dikatakan
menganut ajaran materil karena dalam pasal 7, pasal 9 dan pasal 11dinyatakan
secara jelas apa-apa saja yang menjadi urusan rumah tangga yang merupakan ciri
daripada system atau ajaran rumah tangga material. Sedangkan dikatakan menganut
pula ajaran formil antara lain terlihat pada pasal 10, pasal 70 dan pasal 81
didalamnya dinyatakan bahwa daerah kabupaten dan kota memiliki kewenangan untuk
mengelola sumberdaya nasional yang tersedia di wilayahnya. Selain itu dkatakan
bahwa peraturan daerah daerah tidak boleh bertentangan dengan kepentingan umum,
peraturan daerah lain dan peraturan perundangan-undangan yang lebih tinggi yang
meruapakan ciri daripada system atau <i>ajaran rumah tangga formil<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421077"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358661"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356625"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">F. Otonomi Daerah Dan Demokratisasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Otonomi
daerah sudah menggelinding berbarengan dengan reformasi. Ia merupakan terobosan
untuk memperkuat Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara bangsa dengan mengakomodasi
keragaman daerah. Akomodasi ini bukan untuk memperlemah, tapi sebaliknya, untuk
memperkuat Indonesia. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Dalam konteks itu otonomi daerah
adalah sistem untuk membuat hubungan kongruen antara pusat dan daerah.
Sejauhmana kongruensi ini telah terbangun?</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Dilihat dari
sikap dan perilaku politik warga, otonomi daerah yang sudah berjalan sampai
hari ini belum mampu menjembatani kedaerahan dan keindonesiaan. Hubungan antara
kedaerahan dan keindonesiaan masih negatif, dan yang punya sentimen kedaerahan
dibanding keindonesiaan masih banyak. Selain itu, otonomi daerah belum mampu
menyerap keragaman dalam keindonesiaan. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Sumber utama
dari belum mampunya otonomi daerah menjembatani kedaerahan dan keindonesiaan,
belum mampunya menciptakan sistem politik yang kongruen antara pusat dan
daerah, adalah kinerja otonomi daerah itu sendiri yang dinilai publik belum
banyak menciptakan keadaan lebih baik dibanding sistem pemerintahan yang
terpusat sebelumnya.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Akar dari
belum berkinerja baiknya otonomi daerah terkait dengan evaluasi publik atas
kinerja pemerintah daerah. Evaluasi positif publik atas kinerja otonomi daerah
tergantung pada apakah kinerja pemerintah akan semakin baik, atau sebaliknya.
Bila tidak, maka sikap negatif publik pada otonomi daerah akan menjadi semkin
kuat, dan pada gilirannya akan semakin menjauhkan daerah dengan pusat,
kedaerahan dan keindonesiaan.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Namun
demikian, tidak terkaitnya secara berarti antara otonomi daerah dan
keindonesiaan masih tertolong berkat demokrasi. Demokrasilah yang menggerus
kedaerahan, bukan otonomi daerah. Untungnya, demokrasi pula yang berhubungan
secara sistemik dengan otonomi daerah.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Demokrasi
menjadi titik temu antara otonomi daerah dan keindonesiaan, dan karena itu
penguatan demokrasi menjadi prasarat bagi terbentuknya hubungan yang kongruen
antara keindonesiaan dan kedaerahan, antara otonomi daerah dan NKRI. Bila
demokrasi melemah, terutama dilihat dari kinerjanya, maka otonomi daerah bukan
memperkuat NKRI melainkan memperlemahnya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310358662"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356626"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310421078">BAB III <br />
PENUTUP</a><span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421079"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358663"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310356627"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesimpulan</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Otonomi daerah adalah kewenangan daerah untuk mengatur dan mengurus
kepentingan masyarakat setempat menurut prakarsa sendiri berdasarkan aspirasi
masyarakat dalam ikatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada tiga aspek otonomi daerah yaitu
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aspek Hak dan Kewenangan untuk mengatur dan mengurus
rumah tangganya sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aspek kewajiban untuk tetap mengikuti peraturan dan
ketentuan dari pemerintahan di atasnya, serta tetap berada dalam satu kerangka
pemerintahan nasional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aspek kemandirian dalam pengelolaan keuangan baik dari
biaya sebagai perlimpahan kewenangan dan pelaksanaan kewajiban, juga terutama
kemampuan menggali sumber pembiayaan sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keadaan geografis indonesia yang berupa kepulauan
berpengaruh terhadap mekanisme pemerintahan negara, sehingga diperlukan adanya
otonomi daerah untuk memudahkan pengaturan atau penataan pemerrintahan yang ada
di Indonesia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 38.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Dalam otonomi daerah
terdapat prinsip dan tujuan dari otonomi daerah, Adapun tujuan pemberian
otonomi kepada daerah adalah untuk meningkatkan daya guna dan hasil guna
penyelenggaraan pemerintah dan pembangunan guna meningkatkan pelayanan kepada
masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 38.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kemudian
dalam otonommi daerah, terdapat demokrasi yang menjadi titik temu antara
otonomi daerah dan keindonesiaan, dan karena itu penguatan demokrasi menjadi
prasarat bagi terbentuknya hubungan yang kongruen antara keindonesiaan dan
kedaerahan, antara otonomi daerah dan NKRI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc310421080"></a><a href="" name="_Toc310358665">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</a><span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sarundajang,S.H,
1999, <b><i>Arus balik Kekuasaan Pusat Ke daerah</i></b>, Pustaka Sinar
Harapan, Jakarta <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Soejito,
Irawan, 1976, <b><i>Sejarah Pemerintahan Daerah Di Indonesia jilid 1&2</i>,
</b>Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koesoemahamadja,R.D.H.,
1978, <b><i>Fungsi & Struktur Pamongpraja</i>,</b> Alumni, Bandung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.shvoong.com/law-and-politics/political-philosophy/2062077-pengertian-otonomi-daerah/#ixzz1erLuWWTP"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://id.shvoong.com/law-and-politics/political-philosophy/2062077-pengertian-otonomi-daerah/#ixzz1erLuWWTP</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otonomi_daerah">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otonomi_daerah</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://otonomidaerah.wordpress.com/">http://otonomidaerah.wordpress.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://images.opayat.multiply.multiplycontent.com/attachment">http://images.opayat.multiply.multiplycontent.com/attachment</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.shvoong.com/law-and-politics/political-philosophy/2062077-pengertian-otonomi-daerah/#ixzz1erLuWWTP"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://id.shvoong.com/law-and-politics/political-philosophy/2062077-pengertian-otonomi-daerah/#ixzz1erLuWWTP</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koesoemahamadja,R.D.H., 1978, <b><i>Fungsi
& Struktur Pamongpraja</i>,</b> Alumni, Bandung</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
http://otonomi_daerah/co.id.html</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Soejito, Irawan, 1976, <b><i>Sejarah
Pemerintahan Daerah Di Indonesia jilid 1&2</i>, </b>Pradnya Paramita,
Jakarta <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://otonomidaerah.wordpress.com/">http://otonomidaerah.wordpress.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Soejito, Irawan, 1976, <b><i>Sejarah
Pemerintahan Daerah Di Indonesia jilid 1&2</i>, </b>Pradnya Paramita,
Jakarta <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/PKN/makalah%20PKN.doc#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otonomi_daerah">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otonomi_daerah</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-28335857349372555212012-05-14T08:29:00.000-07:002012-05-14T08:29:27.628-07:00MAKALAH SEMINAR MEDIA EFFECT BEAD AND ILLUSTRATION<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penerapan Media Effect of Bead and
Illustration (EBI) untuk meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa pada
konsep Ikatan Kovalen di SMA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengacu pada system
pendidikan nasional <i>(undang-undang No. 20 tahun2003)</i>, dinyatakan bahwa pendidikan adalah
usaha sadar dan terencana untuk
mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk
memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian,
kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta
keterampilan yang diperlukan bagi dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa, dan
Negara <i>(Sanjaya, 2006).</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan adanya pendidikan, kita dapat
belajar. Menurut <i>Gage</i> (1984), belajar
dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu proses dimana suatu organisme berubah perilakunya sebagai akibat
pengalaman. Sedangkan menurut sudjana <i>(2008:
28)</i>, belajar bukan menghafal dan bukan pula mengingat. Belajar adalah suatu
proses yang ditandai dengan adanya perubahan pada diri seseorang. Perubahan
sebagai suatu proses belajar dapat ditunjukan dalam berbagai bentuk seperti berubah pengetahuannya,
keterampilannya, kecakapan dan kemampuannya, daya reaksinya, daya penerimaanya dan lain–lain
pada individu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Terdapat dua hal penting
dalam pengertian belajar ini, yaitu belajar merupakan suatu usaha untuk
mendapatkan perubahan tingkah laku, serta perubahan tingkah laku yang terjadi
secara sadar. Dengan demikian, usaha yang dilakukan untuk mencapai perubahan
tingkah laku merupakan suatu proses belajar sedangkan perubahan tingkah laku
itu sendiri merupakan hasil dari belajar dan merupakan tujuan pembelajaran.
Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dari proses belajar, perlu sesuatu yang
dapat mendorong dan menunjang proses
belajar mengajar itu sendiri. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Syah (<i>2004: 10</i>) Pendidikan dapat
diartikan sebagai sebuah proses dengan
metode-metode tertentu sehingga siswa memperoleh pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan
cara bertingkah laku yang sesuai dengan
kebutuhan. Kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan (KTSP) mencoba memunculkan
segala kompetensi yang dimilki oleh siswa seperti aspek kognitif, psikomotor,
dan afektif. Dengan system ini siswa dituntut untuk aktif dalam proses belajar
mengajar untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Dan untuk mencapai tujuan
pembelajaran yang diinginkan maka diperlukan sesuatu yang dapat menunjang dan
membantu proses pembelajaran. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Baik itu berupa
model pembelajaran yang diterapkan, metode dan pendekatan dalam kegiatan
pembelajaran, serta media-media tertentu yang dapat menunjang kegiatan belajar
mengajar menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. </span><span class="google-src-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“<span style="color: #231f20;">Studies have suggested different ways of using physical
molecular models in genetics teaching: from demonstration-only to hands-on
instructional model activity” (Bennett, 1998; Fink,1990; Templin & Fetters,
2002a, 2002b).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Gilbert</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="hps">et al</span>, <span class="hps">2003
( dalam </span>Rotbain, <i>et al.</i> 2006:
501) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Media sangat penting dalam ilmu pengetahuan, karena
banyak objek nyata, sistem, proses, atau fenomena mental yang ilmuwan berurusan
dengan tidak dapat diamati dan dimanipulasi secara langsung. Beberapa terlalu
kompleks, beberapa baik terlalu besar atau terlalu kecil, dan beberapa ada yang
bertentangan dengan penalaran kita. Media berfungsi sebagai jembatan antara
teori ilmiah dan "realitas". Dan karena hal ini maka penulis ingin
memunculkan media pembelajaran sebagai salah satu bentuk penunjang
pembelajaran. Khususnya media dalam bentuk media fisik dan juga illustrasi.
Dengan adanya penunjang media ini diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam
mempelajari sains yang bersifat abstrak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Media fisik merupakan pemodelan
tiga dimensi dalam bentuk fisik mengenai konsep-konsep yang abstrak, salah satu
contohnya adalah berupa mollymod dan media fisik lainnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
<span class="hps">Menurut Gilbert</span> <span class="hps">et al</span>, <span class="hps">2003 ( dalam </span>Rotbain, <i>et
al.</i> 2006: 505) <span class="hps">Media jenis ini</span> <span class="hps">memungkinkan</span>
<span class="hps">untuk menyederhanakan</span>, <span class="hps">menggambarkan</span>,
<span class="hps">dan mengeksplorasi</span> <span class="hps">struktur kimia</span>,
<span class="hps">fenomena</span>, <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">proses</span>.
Dalam disiplin ilmu kimia, siswa terkadang mengalami kesulitan akibat sifat
partikel (atom dan molekul) yang abstrak pada tingkat microskopis. <span style="color: #231f20;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Media of illustrations
adalah suatu grafis (dalam bentuk visual ataupun animasi) yang menggambarkan
langkah-langkah dari suatu proses (Rotbain, <i>et
al.</i> 2006 : 504). Biasanya terdiri dari animasi, rumus kimia dan molekul, dan
juga langkah-langkah utama dari proses .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dan Kimia merupakan mata pelajaran yang
sulit bagi sebagian besar siswa karena dapat bersifat abstrak <i>(Carr, 1984: 97). </i>Penelitian telah
menunjukan bahwa siswa menemukan kesulitan dalam memahami konsep-konsep dalam
topic kimia <i>(Grnett dan Kackling, 1995)</i>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="SV">Ilmu kimia memiliki
konsep-konsep yang bersifat kompleks dan abstrak. </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Beberapa peneliti mengindikasikan bahwa kimia dianggap
sebagai subjek abstrak dan sulit untuk <span class="google-src-text">dipelajari
oleh banyak siswa (Nieswandt, <i>et al.</i> dalam Onder & Geban, 2006:166).
Penemuan alasan sulitnya konsep kimia adalah kurangnya pemahaman konsep kimia
secara utuh. Padahal tujuan pengajaran
kimia adalah membantu siswa mengembangkan pemahaman konsep-konsep. Maka
dari itu, pentingnya menemukan pembelajaran kimia yang dapat mendukung belajar
bermakna (</span>Onder<span class="google-src-text"> & Geban, 2006:166). </span></span><span class="google-src-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="google-src-text"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembelajaran
kimia di Indonesia pada umumnya, menuntut siswa lebih banyak untuk mempelajari
konsep-konsep dan prinsip-prinsip kimia. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya
kejenuhan siswa belajar kimia.</span></span><span class="google-src-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Salah satu konsep kimia adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikatan Kovalen. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berdasarkan kurikulum saat ini yaitu KTSP (Kurikulum
Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan), </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikatan Kimia</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> merupakan konsep yang disajikan pada siswa kelas X
SMA/MA, standar kompetensi konsep ini yaitu</span><span lang="SV"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menjelaskan proses terbentuknya ikatan kovalen dan
menjelaskan proses terbentuknya ikatan kovalen tunggal, rangkap dua, rangkap
tiga.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Dengan</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> kompetensi dasar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nya</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yaitu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membandingkan proses pembentukan ikatan
ion, ikatan kovalen, ikatan koordinasi, dan ikatan logam serta hubungannya
dengan sifat fisika senyawa yang terbentuk</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">. Kompetensi dasar tersebut akan mudah tercapai jika
siswa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">diberikan
media pembelajaran yang tepat dalam proses pembelajarannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikatan Kovalen </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">merupakan konsep yang menyatakan prinsip</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dan</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> konsep yang abstrak sehingga
dalam memahami konsep tersebut dibutuhkan beberapa pemahaman prasyarat, diantaranya
adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">konfigurasi
elektron, struktur lewis dan ikatan ion</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">S</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">iswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikatan
kovalen</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> karena siswa
kurang dapat mengolah informasi atau konsep sebelumnya yang mereka dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dan sifatnya yang abstrak</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Dan ikatan kimia merupakan konsep yang sangat vital dalam ilmu kimia sehingga
siswa dituntut memiliki pemahaman yang sangat kuat akan konsep ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Media EBI yang berupa
pemodelan visual dan fisik akan membantu dalam penilaian dan pengukuran keterampilan
berfikir kritis siswa. Berpikir kritis merupakan berpikir reflektif dan
rasional yang difokuskan pada pembuatan keputusan tentang apa yang diyakini
atau dilakukan (Ennis :1994). Rasional artinya berdasarkan fakta untuk
menghasilkan keputusan terbaik dan reflektif artinya mencari dengan sadar dan
tegas kemungkinan solusi yang terbaik. Kemampuan berpikir kritis harus
dikembangkan dalam mempelajari ilmu kimia khususnya pada meteri Ikatan Kimia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pokok
permasalahan secara umum pada makalah ini adalah ”Bagaimana penerapan media
pembelajaran <i>EBI (Effect of Bead and
Illustration)</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pada
konsep ikatan kovalen?”. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Secara
umum makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang penerapan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">media
pembelajaran <i>EBI (Effect of Bead and
Illustration)</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pada
konsep ikatan kovalen. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Permasalahan
tersebut sangat menarik untuk diteliti, oleh karena itu, pemakalah mencoba
mengangkatnya dalam sebuah makalah yang berjudul </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Penerapan
Media Effect of Bead and Illustration (EBI) untuk meningkatkan Kemampuan
Berfikir Kritis Siswa pada konsep Ikatan Kovalen di SMA.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">II.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KAJIAN
TEORITIK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Effect
of Bead and Illustrations (EBI)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Effect
of Bead and Illustrations (EBI) merupakan suatu bentuk media pembelajaran yang
berupa media fisik dan media illustrasi yang dapat didefinisikan sebagai sebuah
visual yang analogis (grafis dan animasi).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Effect of Bead<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Effect
of Bead </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">merupakan pemodelan tiga dimensi yang berupa media fisik,
seperti mollymod ataupun media fisik lainnya. </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Model
jenis ini</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="hps">memungkinkan</span> <span class="hps">untuk menyederhanakan</span>, <span class="hps">menggambarkan</span>, <span class="hps">dan mengeksplorasi</span> <span class="hps">struktur kimia</span>, <span class="hps">fenomena</span>, <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">proses (</span>Gabel
<span class="hps">&</span> <span class="hps">Sherwood</span>, 1980;. <span class="hps">Gilbert</span> <span class="hps">et al</span>, <span class="hps">2003)</span>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Illustrations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Illustrations merupakan
suatu media grafis (dalam bentuk visual atau animasi) yang menggambarkan
langkah-langkah dari suatu proses (Rotbain, <i>et
al.</i> 2006 : 504). Biasanya terdiri dari rumus kimia dan molekul, dan juga langkah-langkah
utama dari proses ataupun gambaran berupa animasi dan visual. Media ilustrasi
bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi pembelajaran kimia yang kompleks dan molekuler.
Dan juga mengintegrasikan antara pikiran dan pertanyaan, seperti menjawab
pertanyaan panduan.<span style="background: #EBEFF9;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterampilan
Berfikir Kritis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berpikir
merupakan suatu keaktifan pribadi manusia yang mengakibatkan penemuan terarah
kepada suatu tujuan. Berpikir juga dianggap sebagai suatu proses kognitif,
suatu aktivasi mental untuk memperoleh pengetahuan Costa (dalam Dewi, 2010:21).
Meskipun aspek kognitif berkaitan dengan cara-cara bagaimana mengenal sesuatu
seperti dalam persepsi, penalaran dan intuisi, keterampilan berfikir
menitik-beratkan pada penalaran sebagai fokus utama dalam aspek kognitif (Devi,
2001). Keterampilan berfikir dikelompokkan menjadi keterampilan berpikir dasar
dan keterampilan berpikir kompleks atau tingkat tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
hal ini keterampilan berpikir dasar meliputi menghubungkan sebab-akibat
mentransformasi, serta menemukan hubungan dan memberikan kualifikasi.Sedangkan
proses berpikir tingkat tinggi dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu pemecahan
masalah, membuat keputusan, berpikir kritis dan berpikir kreatif Costa (dalam
Dewi, 2010:21). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Di
antara proses berpikir tingkat tinggi di atas salah satu yang digunakan dalam
pembentukan sistem konseptual IPA adalah berpikir kritis. Berpikir kritis
merupakan cara berpikir reflektif yang masuk akal atau berdasarkan nalar yang
difokuskan untuk menentukan apa yang harus diyakini dan apa yang harus
dilakukan Costa (dalam Dewi, 2010:22). Keterampilan berpikir kritis sangat
penting dimiliki oleh siswa. Dengan berpikir kritis, siswa dapat mengatur,
menyesuaikan, mengubah, atau memperbaiki pikirannya sehingga siswa dapat
bertindak lebih cepat. Siswa yang berpikir kritis adalah siswa yang dapat
memecahkan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dapat
mengatasi tantangan dan memenangkan persaingan global (Liliasari,1997). Dalam
pendidikan dapat dibuktikan bahwa berpikir kritis dapat mempersiapkan siswa
untuk berpikir pada berbagai disiplin ilmu, menuju otonomi atau kebutuhan
intelektual sendiri dan mengembangkan siswa sebagai individu yang potensial.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Para
peneliti pendidikan menjelaskan bahwa belajar berpikir kritis tidak langsung
seperti belajar tentang materi, tetapi belajar bagaimana cara mengkaitkan
berpikir kritis secara efektif dalam dirinya Costa (dalam Dewi, 2010:21). Menurut
Ennis (Costa, 1985) berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan bernalar dan berpikir
reflektif yang difokuskan untuk menentukan apa yang diyakini dan apa yang harus
dilakukan. Kemampuan berpikir kritis meliputi lima kelompok besar yang
merupakan indikatornya. Kelima kelompok indikator itu meliputi: pertama,
memberikan penjelasan sederhana (elementary clarification); kedua, membangun
keterampilan dasar (basic support); ketiga, membuat inferensi
(inferenting);keempat, membuat penjelasan lebih lanjut (advanced
clarification); kelima,mengatur strategi dan taktik (stategis and tactic).
Indikator-indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat dilihat pada table 2.2
berikut dengan penjelasan-penjelasan dari setiap indikator.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel 2.1 Indikator
Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<thead>
<tr>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 101.45pt;" width="135">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Keterampilan Berpikir
Kritis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="150">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sub Keterampilan
Berpikir Kritis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" width="278">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Aspek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 101.45pt;" valign="top" width="135">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Memberikan
Penjelasan dasar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.
Memfokuskan pertanyaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: -0.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengidentifikasi atau memformulasikan
suatu pertanyaan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengidentifikasi
atau memformulasikan kriteria jawaban yang mungkin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Menjaga
pikiran terhadap situasi yang sedang dihadapi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. Menganalisis
argumen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengidentifikasi
kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengidentifikasi
alasan yang dinyatakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengidentifikasi
alasan yang tidak dinyatakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mencari
persamaan dan perbedaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengidentifikasi
dan menangani ketidakrelevanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mencari
struktur dari sebuah pendapat/argumen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Meringkas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. Bertanya dan
menjawab pertanyaan klarifikasi dan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">pertanyaan yang
menantang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengapa?<br />
-Apa yang menjadi alasan utama?<br />
-Apa yang kamu maksud dengan?<br />
-Apa yang menjadi contoh?<br />
-Apa yang bukan contoh?<br />
-Bagaiamana mengaplikasikan kasus tersebut?<br />
-Apa yang menjadikan perbedaannya?<br />
-Apa faktanya?<br />
-Apakah ini yang kamu katakan?<br />
-Apalagi yang akan kamu katakan tentang itu?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 101.45pt;" valign="top" width="135">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. Membangun Keterampilandasar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. mempertimbangkan apakah sumber dapat
dipercaya atau tidak?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Keahlian<br />
-Mengurangi konflik interest<br />
-Kesepakatan antar sumber<br />
-Reputasi<br />
-Menggunakan prosedur yang ada<br />
-Mengetahui resiko<br />
-Keterampilan memberikan alasan<br />
-Kebiasaan berhati-hati<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Mengobservasi dan
mempertimbangkan hasil observasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mengurangi
praduga/menyangka<br />
-Mempersingkat waktu antara observasi dengan laporan<br />
-Laporan dilakukan oleh pengamat sendiri<br />
-Mencatat hal-hal yang sangat diperlukan<br />
-Penguatan<br />
-Kemungkinan dalam penguatan<br />
-Kondisi akses yang baik<br />
-Kompeten dalam menggunakan teknologi<br />
-Kepuasan pengamat atas kredibilitas kriteria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 101.45pt;" valign="top" width="135">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. Menyimpulkan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">6. Mendeduksi dan
mempertimbangkan deduksi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Kelas
logika<br />
-Mengkondisikan logika<br />
-Menginterpretasikan pernyataan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">7. Menginduksi dan
mempertimbangkan hasil induksi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Menggeneralisasi<br />
-Berhipotesis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">8. Membuat dan
mengkaji nilai-nilai hasil pertimbangan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Latar
belakang fakta<br />
-Konsekuensi<br />
-Mengaplikasikan konsep ( prinsip-prinsip, hukum dan asas)<br />
-Mempertimbangkan alternatif<br />
-Menyeimbangkan, menimbang dan memutuskan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 101.45pt;" valign="top" width="135">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. Membuat penjelasan
lebih lanjut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">9. Mendefinisikan
istilah dan mempertimbangkan definisi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ada 3 dimensi:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Bentuk :
sinonim, klarifikasi, rentang, ekspresi yang sama, operasional, contoh dan
noncontoh<br />
- Strategi definisi<br />
-Konten (isi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">10 . Mengidentifikasi
asumsi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Alasan
yang tidak dinyatakan <br />
-Asumsi yang diperlukan: rekonstruksi argumen <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 101.45pt;" valign="top" width="135">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Strategi dan taktik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">11. Memutuskan suatu
tindakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Mendefisikan
masalah<br />
-Memilih kriteria yang mungkin sebagai solusi permasalahan<br />
-Merumuskan alternatif-alternatif untuk solusi<br />
-Memutuskan hal-hal yang akan dilakukan<br />
-Meriview<br />
-Memonitor implementasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">12. Berinteraksi
dengan orang lain</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt;" valign="top" width="278">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Memberi
label<br />
-Strategi logis<br />
-Srtrategi retorik<br />
-Mempresentasikan suatu posisi, baik lisan atau tulisan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber : Costa
(dalam Dewi, 2010:21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator-indikator
keterampilan berikir kritis ini dimodifikasi oleh Arnyana dalam Suprapto (2007)
menjadi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel 2.2 Indikator Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterampika Berfikir Kritis (KBK)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merumuskan
masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memformulasikan pertanyaan
yang mengarahkan invertigasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberikan argumen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Argumen sesuai dengan
kebutuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menunjukan persamaan
dan perbedaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan deduksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mendeduksi secara
logis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menginterpretasi
secara tepat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan induksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menganalisis data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Membuat generalisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menarik kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan evaluasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengevaluasi
berdasarkan fakta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberikan alternatif
lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengambil keputusan dan tindakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.0pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menetukan jalan
keluar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memilih kemungkinan
yang akan dilaksanakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikatan
Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gaya yang
mengikat atom-atom dalam molekul atau gabungan ion dalam setiap senyawa disebut
ikatan kimia. Konsep ini pertama kali dikemukakan pada tahun 1916 oleh Gilbert
Newton Lewis (1875-1946) dari Amerika dan Albrecht Kossel (1853-1927) dari
Jerman (Martin S.Silberberg, 2000). Konsep tersebut adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenyataan bahwa gas-gas mulia (He, Ne,
Ar, Kr, Xe, dan Rn) sukar membentuk senyawa merupakan bukti bahwa gas-gas mulia
memiliki susunan elektron yang stabil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap atom mempunyai kecenderungan
untuk memiliki susunan elektron yang stabil seperti gas mulia. Caranya dengan
melepaskan elektron atau menangkap elektron.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk memperoleh susunan elektron yang
stabil hanya dapat dicapai dengan cara berikatan dengan atom lain, yaitu dengan
cara melepaskan elektron, menangkap elektron, maupun pemakaian elektron secara
bersama-sama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut G.N
Lewis dan W Kossel, kestabilan unsur gas mulia disebabkan oleh elektron
valensinya yang berjumlah depalan, kecuali He yang hanya memiliki dua elektron
valensi. Menurut mereka setiap atom dalam pembentukan senyawa membentuk
konfigurasi elektron yang stabil yaitu konfigurasi elektron gas mulia yang
disebut konfigurasi oktet. Oleh karena itu, dikenal ada kaidah oktet dan
duplet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
pembentukan suatu senyawa, atom-atom unsur yang memiliki elektron valensi dalam
jumlah sedikit misal golongan IA, IIA, dan IIIA memiliki kecenderungan
mengikuti kaidah oktet. Unsur tersebut melepaskan elektron valensi membentuk
ion positif. Sementara atom yang memiliki elektron valensi dalam jumlah banyak
misal : IVA, VA, VIA dan VIIA. Memiliki kecenderungan mengikuti kaidah oktet
dengan cara menerima elektron membentuk ion negatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikatan Kovalen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada atom yang sukar melepas atau menerima elektron karena
memerlukan atau membebakan energi yang besar untuk berlangsungnya proses
tersebut. Untuk membentuk konfigurasi elektron gas mulia, atom atom ini saling
berikatan melalui pemakaian elektron bersama. Pemakaian elektron bersama
terjadi pada atom-atom non logam. Ikatan antar atom nonlogam yang terjadi
melalui pemakaian pasangan elektron bersama disebut ikatan kovalen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk menggambarkan terjadinya ikatan kovalen, digunakan struktur
lewis, yaitu dengan menggunakan titik-titik yang menggambarkan sejumlah elektron
valensi atom unsur di sekeliling lambang unsur. Berikut adalah contoh-contoh
bagaimana cara menuliskan struktur Lewis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penggambaran elektron valensi yang selalu berpasangan menunjukan keadaan
yang stabil. Ada beberapa macam ikatan kovalen bergantung pada jumlah pasangan
elektron ikatan (PEI): </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 43.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 71.7pt; margin-top: 8.15pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 275.25pt; z-index: 1;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz">
<w:wrap type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 38.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 75.45pt; margin-top: 39.5pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 262.5pt; z-index: 3;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.emz">
<w:wrap type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 37.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 82.2pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 249pt; z-index: 2;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz">
<w:wrap type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sumber : Utami
(2009:49,50)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikatan kovalen
tunggal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikatan
kovalen tunggal adalah ikatan kovalen yang terjadi karena penggunaan bersama
satu pasang elektron ikatan. Contoh : Ikatan
H dengan H dalam molekul H<sub>2<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikatan kovalen
rangkap dua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikatan
kovalen rangkap adalah ikatan kovalen yang terjadi karena penggunaan bersama
dua pasang elektron ikatan. Contoh : Ikatan
O dengan O dalam molekul O<sub>2<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikatan kovalen
rangkap tiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikatan
kovalen rangkap tiga adalah ikatan kovalen yang terjadi karena penggunaan
bersama tiga pasang elektron ikatan. Contoh :
Ikatan N dengan N dalam molekul N<sub>2<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada pula ikatan kovalen koordinasi yaitu ikatan kovalen yang
terjadi bila pasangan elektron ikatan berasal dari salah satu atom yang
berikatan. Pasangan elektron ikatan pembentukan ikatan koordinat, digambarkan
dengan anak panah kecil yang arahnya menuju atom yang menerima pasangan
elektron. Contoh : pembentukan ion NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> dari NH<sub>3</sub>
dan ion H<sup>+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">III.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">APLIKASI DAN PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ikatan Kovalen</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> merupakan konsep
abstrak. Banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari konsep
tersebut, selain konsep yang abstrak siswa juga harus memiliki pengetahuan
prasyarat yang cukup sebelum mempelajari konsep tersebut diantaranya adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">konfigurasi
elektron, struktur lewis, hukum oktet dan duplet</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Salah satu cara yang
dapat digunakan oleh guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan siswa tersebut khususnya
pada konsep </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikatan kovalen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">dengan
</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">menggunakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">media
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">pembelajaran</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> yang tepat. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Salah satu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">media</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan karakteristik
dari konsep </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikatan kovalen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> adalah<i> </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">media
pembelajaran <i>EBI (Effect of Bead and
Illustration)</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari 12
indikator Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis (KBK), pemakalah hanya mengambil 6
indikator yang dirasa cocok dengan penerapan media EBI pada konsep ikatan
kovalen. Yaitu indikator Memformulasikan pertanyaan
yang mengarahkan invertigasi, Menganalisis
data</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menunjukan persamaan dan perbedaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">, Mengobservasi
dan mempertimbangkan hasil observasi, </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menarik
kesimpulan dan Mengevaluasi berdasarkan fakta</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memformulasikan
pertanyaan yang mengarahkan invertigasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat di definisikan
sebagai tekhnik bertanya atau menjawab pertanyaan yang menantang. Dalam hal
ini, pemakalah memberikan pertanyaan berupa pertanyaan motivasi pada awal
kegiatan mengenai konsep ikatan kimia yang akan dibahas. Hal ini dimaksudkan
untuk merangsang rasa ingin tahu dan ketertarikan siswa akan konsep ikatan
kovalen yang akan dibahas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menganalisis
data</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;"> dapat
diartikan mengidentifikasi hubungan hal-hal yang diharapkan dengan bukti yang
nyata, misalnya pernyataan, pertanyaan, konsep, des kripsi, bukti, pengalaman,
informasi dan pendapat. Dan juga proses pencarian struktur terperinci dari
sebuah konsep yang dikemukakan atau disajikan.
Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media EBI ini, penjelasan
konsep disajikan dengan media berupa illustrasi berupa animasi kimia dan media
visul lainnya. Hal ini akan lebih merangsang ketertarikan siswa dan dengan
menggunakan media illustrasi maka siswa akan dituntut untuk menganalisis
keterkaitan antara konsep dengan media vvisual yang disajikan. Dan dengan
diberikannya media berupa visual pemakalah yakin siswa akan lebih menguatkan
pemahaman siswa mengenai konsep yang telah mereka dapatkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menunjukan
persamaan dan perbedaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;"> dapat diartikan sebagai proses mengidentifikasi
dan memastikan unsur-unsur yang diperlukan untuk merumuskan hipotesis yang
bermakna, misalnya memerlukan pertimbangan informasi yang relevan, dan
mendeduksi akibat paparan data, pernyataan, prinsip, bukti, pendapat yang
dipercaya, konsep, dan deskripsi sehingga dapat diidentifikasi dan diketahui
keterkaitan dan perbedaannya. Dalam hal ini siswa diberikan media illustrasi
berupa animasi pembentukan ikatan ion juga ikatan kovalen. Setelah itu siswa
dibimbing untuk menentukan keterkaikatan dan perbedaan antara kedua konsep ini.
Hal ini diyakini akan lebih memperjelas pemahaman siswa akan konsep ikatan
kovalen dan juga ikatan ion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
(observasi) dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu proses untuk memperoleh informasi
atau mengenal objek atau peristiwa dengan menggunakan semua panca indera atau
alat bantu yang merupakan pengembangan alat indera. Indikator ini digunakan
untuk mengamati ciri-ciri suatu objek dalam rangka pengumpulan informasi
(Rustaman, 2003). Penggunaan media EBI berbanding lurus dengan tujuan dari
indikator yang akan dipakai yaitu dengan diberikan media EBI dalam pembelajaran
membuat siswa merasa tertarik untuk mengamati sekaligus merangsang psikomotor
siswa untuk aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Setelah siswa mendapatkan gambaran
berupa visual yang telah diberikan sebelumnya maka disadari atau tidak
pemahaman siswa akan konsep ikatan kovalen ini akan semakin jelas dan lugas.
Setelah siswa mendapat pemahaman cukup mengenai konsep tersebut, siswa dituntut
mengkontruksi kembali pemahamannya dan mengaplikasikannya melalui pemodelan
fisik, baik itu dalam bentuk mollymod ataupun pemodelan tiga dimensi lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menarik kesimpulan</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses
pengambilan kesimpulan berdasarkan penalaran seseorang yang koheren dengan
dasar pertimbangan pembuktian, konseptual, metodologis, kriteria dan kontektual
yang telah didapatkannya. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran ini siswa dengan
dibimbing oleh guru menarik atau mengambil kesimpulan dari apa yang telah siswa
pelajari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengevaluasi berdasarkan fakta dapat diartikan sebagai suatu
proses mengevaluasi pemahaman siswa akan konsep ikatan kovalen yang telah
didapatkan dari prosses pembelajaran. Dalam hal ini guru menyajikannya dalam
bentuk soal-soal evaluasi, hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa
mengenai konsep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel 2.3
Aplikasi dan Pembahasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 586px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator
KPS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 304.8pt;" width="406">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Langkah
Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alokasi
waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Memformulasikan pertanyaan yang mengarahkan invertigasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 304.8pt;" valign="top" width="406">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kegiatan
Awal <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Apersepsi :<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Prasyarat
: Konfigurasi elektron, struktur lewis dan ikatan ion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Diberikan
sebuah motivasi : “<i>Apakah unsur-unsur
di alam dalam bentuk tunggal atau saling berikatan??lalu untuk apakah
unsur-unsur berikaatan??”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10
menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Menganalisis data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 304.8pt;" valign="top" width="406">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Kegiatan
Inti :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 8.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Guru menjelaskan secara singkat
mengenai materi ikatan kovalen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 8.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Guru
menampilkan ilustrasi berupa animasi kimia mengenai ikatan kovalen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 8.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Guru menampilkan animasi
pembenntukan ikatan ion</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40
menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Menunjukan persamaan dan perbedaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 304.8pt;" valign="top" width="406">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Siswa
menentukan perbedaan antara pembentukan ikatan ion dan ikatan ion berdasarkan
ilustrasi animasi yang disajikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengobservasi dan mempertimbangkan hasil observasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 304.8pt;" valign="top" width="406">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Guru memberikan media berupa mollymod kepada
siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Siswa merangkai pembentukan ikatan kovalen dengan
mollymod berdasarkan penjelasan dan arahan yang telah disajikan guru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Guru memberikan contoh lain untuk selanjutnya
diaplikasikan dengan menggunakan mollymod oleh siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20
menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Menarik kesimpulan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 304.8pt;" valign="top" width="406">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Penutup :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Siswa
dibimbing untuk menyimpulkan mengenai konsep pembentukan ikatan kovalen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Siswa
diberi kesempatan bertanya mengenai hal yang belum dimengerti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10
menit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengevaluasi berdasarkan
fakta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 304.8pt;" valign="top" width="406">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;">Siswa
mengerjakan soal evaluasi berupa kuis, untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IV.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelitian
ini ditujukan untuk menyelidiki perkembangan siswa melalui media media fisik
dan juga media illustration sebagai penunjang pembelajaran pada siswa SMA. Penelitian
ini dirasa kurang tepat jika hanya membandingkan antara media-media. Karena
akan membutuhkan banyak waktu, tenaga dan juga biaya. Walaupun tidak dipungkiri
bahwa dengan adanya media yang tepat dalam proses pembelajaran akan membantu
mempermudah siswa dalam menyerap dan memahami informasi yang diberikan. Dalam
hal ini penulis menyarankan jika menggabungkan kedua media ini kedalam satu
kesatuan dalam proses pembelajaran secara bersamaan. Karena dengan diberikan
media fisik dan juga media illustrasi secara bersamaan, itu akan lebih membantu
siswa dalam memahami konsep yang diberikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rotbain,
Y., <i>et al</i>. 2006. “Effect of Bead and
Illustrations Models on High School Students’’ Achievement in Molecular
Genetics”. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
TEACHING. 43(5) 500 – 529.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Badan
Standar Nasional Pendidikan. (2006).<i> Panduan Penyusunan Kurikulum Tingkat
Satuan Pendidikan</i>. Jakarta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Costa, A.
L. (ed).(1985).<i> Developing Minds: A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking</i>,
Alexandria: ASCD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chang, Raymond. 2004. <i>KIMIA DASAR konsep konsep inti</i>. Edisi ke
tiga. Jakarta: Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ennis, R.
(1996). Critical Thinking. New Jersey : Simon & Schuster / A Viacom
Company.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gage, N.L., & Berliner, D. 1979. Educational Psychology. Second
Edition, Chicago: Rand Mc. Nally<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Liliasari. 2010 .<i>Berfikir
Kritis Dalam Pembelajaran Sains Kimia Menuju profesionalitas Guru. </i>Jurnal
UPI. Tidak diterbitkan<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: right 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Onder,
Ismail. Geban, Omer. 2006. The Effect of
Conceptual Change Texts Oriented Instruction on Students' Understanding of The Solubility Equlibrium Concept. Ankara : <i>Hacettepe
Unversitesi Journal of Education</i>. Vol. 30. 166-177. (Tersedia : http://www.efdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr.
14 Maret 2010<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sanjaya, W. (2007). Strategi Pembelajaran
Berorientasi Standar Proses Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kencana Predana Media Group.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sudjana, N.
dan Ibrahim. (2004). <i>Penelitian dan Penilaian Pendidikan</i>. Bandung :
Sinar Baru Algensindo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Utami,
Budi., et al. 2009. <i>KIMIA UNTUK SMA dan
MA KELAS X</i>. Jakarta : Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Witra,
Dewi. 2010<i>. Pembelajaran Peer Led Guided
Inquiry (PLGI) pada materi redoks untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan
keterampilan berfikir kritis siswa SMA</i>.
Tesis SPS UPI. Tidak diterbitkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-24909777338505435252012-05-14T08:25:00.000-07:002012-05-14T08:25:05.353-07:00PROPOSAL PENELITIAN - PENERAPAN SELF ASESSMENT PADA KONSEP KELARUTAN DAN HASIL KALI KELARUTAN<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENERAPAN
<i>SELF ASSESSMENT </i>UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN
KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA PADA PRAKTIKUM KONSEP KELARUTAN DAN HASIL KALI
KELARUTAN (KSP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(penelitian kelas di kelas XI IPA
SMAN 20 Garut)<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penelitian menunjukan
bahwa siswa menemukan kesulitan dalam memahami konsep-konsep dalam topik kimia <b><i>(</i></b>Grnett
dan Kackling<i>, </i></span><span class="google-src-text"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">dalam Onder & Geban, 2006:16</span></span><span class="google-src-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5</span></span><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">)</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Ilmu kimia memiliki konsep-konsep yang
bersifat kompleks dan abstrak. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Beberapa
peneliti mengindikasikan bahwa kimia dianggap sebagai subjek abstrak dan sulit
untuk <span class="google-src-text">dipelajari oleh banyak siswa (Nieswandt, <i>et.al.</i>
dalam Onder & Geban, 2006:166). Penemuan alasan sulitnya konsep kimia
adalah kurangnya pemahaman konsep kimia secara utuh. Padahal tujuan
pengajaran kimia adalah membantu siswa
mengembangkan pemahaman konsep-konsep. Maka dari itu, pentingnya menemukan
pembelajaran kimia yang dapat mendukung belajar bermakna (Nieswandt, <i>et.al.</i>
dalam Onder & Geban, 2006:166).</span></span><span class="google-src-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="google-src-text"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembelajaran
kimia di Indonesia pada umumnya, menuntut siswa lebih banyak untuk mempelajari
konsep-konsep dan prinsip-prinsip kimia. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya
kejenuhan siswa belajar kimia. Dengan demikian belajar seperti itu juga
menyebabkan siswa tidak mampu menerapkan konsep-konsep kimia dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari, apalagi memiliki kompetensi yang diharapkan dalam standar isi KTSP
(BSNP, 2006).</span></span><span class="google-src-text"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span class="google-src-text"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Untuk mencapai kompetensi tersebut diperlukan paradigma
baru dalam belajar kimia, yaitu memberikan sejumlah pengalaman kepada siswa
untuk menguasai kimia dan membimbing mereka untuk menggunakan pengetahuan kimia
tersebut (Gallanger dalam Liliasari, 2007).</span></span><span class="google-src-text"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dan menurut </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Zuharman (2000)
perubahan paradigma pendidikan dari <i>teacher
centred</i> kearah <i>student centred </i>tidak
hanya membawa dampak terhadap metode dan aktifitas belajar, akan tetapi juga
terhadap cara penilaian hasil belajar. Sedangkan menurut </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Firman (2000) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ditinjau dari segi
pendidikan, pengalaman, interaksi dengan siswa dalam kelas, maka guru menempati
posisi penting untuk menilai keefektifan program pengajaran yang dikelolanya. Adanya
reformasi dalam bidang pendidikan membuat para pendidik harus mengevaluasi dan
menata kembali cara mereka menjalankan proses pendidikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Guru IPA mempunyai kewajiban untuk
melakukan penilaian secara berkala mengenai aspek hasil, proses, serta sarana
penunjang dari program pengajaran. Pergeseran fokus pembelajaran dari guru ke
murid (<i>learner-centered</i>) dan lifelong
learning adalah perubahan sifat dari tujuan pembelajaran dewasa ini (Marzano,Pickering
& McTighe, 1993). Self-assessment merespon perubahan ini dengan sangat
baik. Dengan mengevaluasi diri, tentu saja fokusnya bukan lagi kepada guru,
tetapi kepada murid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Laurie Brady dan
Kerry Kennedy (2005) : “<i>self-assessment is
a process by which student develop insight into their learning, and has become
increasingly emphasized with the development of outcome-based education</i>.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagian pertama dari
definisi di atas menekankan bahwa <i>self assessment</i>
adalah sebuah proses, yang melibatkan murid sebagai agen utamanya, dimana ia
membangun wawasan terhadap proses pembelajaran mereka sendiri. Ini berbeda dari
pandangan tradisional pendidikan menaruh murid dalam posisi pasif, atau
penerima dari pengajaran guru termasuk dalam hal menilai hasil belajar mereka.
Murid jarang sekali dilibatkan secara sadar dalam proses pemberian umpan balik
terhadap hasil belajar mereka sendiri. Namun, sudah saatnya pandangan ini
diganti. Murid sebagai salah satu pemeran utama berlangsungnya proses pendidikan
seharusnya juga dilibatkan secara aktif dalam pengambilan umpan balik atas
pencapaian suatu tujuan pembelajaran. Selain itu, definisi di atas juga
menyebutkan bahwa self-assessment mulai ditekankan penggunaannya seiring
perkembangan bidang pendidikan yang menggunakan <i>outcome </i>atau tujuan
instruksional sebagai dasar perencanaan dan pelaksanaan program pengajaran
mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Zulharman
(2007) <i>self assessment</i> adalah sebuah
proses dimana pelajar memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menilai hasil belajarnya
sendiri. Penggunaan metode penilaian ini untuk formatif ditujukan untuk
memperoleh <i>feedback</i> bagi peserta
didik sehingga dapat meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar. Dan bentuk evaluasi
self-assesment ini dirasa cocok untuk meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains
siswa, karena Keterampilan proses sains adalah keterampilan khusus yang
mempermudah belajar ilmu pengetahuan, mengaktifkan siswa, mengembangkan rasa
tanggung jawab siswa dalam pembelajaran mereka sendiri, meningkatkan permanen
pembelajaran, serta mengajari mereka metode penelitian (Carey, <i>et.al.</i> dalam Karamustafaoğlu, 2011:27 ).
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengembangan
keterampilan proses sains mengaktifkan siswa untuk membangun dan memecahkan
masalah, berpikir kritis, memutuskan dan menemukan jawaban rasa ingin tahu
mereka, daripada memiliki siswa untuk menghafal konsep-konsep (Rehorek, <i>et.al.</i> dalam Karamustafaoğlu, 2011:28). <span class="google-src-text">Beberapa pendidik Sains berpendapat bahwa mengajar siswa
fakta Sains penting untuk mengembangkan keterampilan proses Sains mereka
sehingga mereka dapat belajar pengetahuan ini pada mereka sendiri (Young dalam </span>Mei,
2007:3<span class="google-src-text">). Dan metode praktikum dirasa sangat cocok
untuk untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="google-src-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rustaman (2003) menyatakan bahwa
praktikum merupakan bagian integral dari pembelajaran sains. Melalui kegiatan
praktikum hampir semua jenis keterampilan proses dikembangkan dan digunakan.
Dengan dilaksanakannya metode praktikum dalam pengajaran sains, maka
keterampilan proses siswa dapat dicapai secara bertahap (Rustaman, 2003).</span></span>
<span class="google-src-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Praktikum
memiliki kedudukan yang penting dalam pembelajaran sains. Arifin <i>et.al </i>(2003) mengemukakan bahwa metode
praktikum merupakan penunjang kegiatan proses belajar untuk menemukan prinsip
tertentu atau menjelaskan tentang prinsip-prinsip yang dikembangkan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Salah satu konsep kimia adalah kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>).
Berdasarkan kurikulum saat ini yaitu KTSP (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan
Pendidikan), kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan merupakan konsep yang disajikan
pada siswa kelas XI SMA/MA IPA, standar kompetensi konsep ini yaitu memahami
sifat-sifat larutan, metode pengukuran, dan terapannya, dengan kompetensi dasar
yaitu memprediksikan terjadinya endapan dari suatu reaksi berdasarkan prinsip
kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan. Kompetensi dasar tersebut akan mudah
tercapai jika siswa terlibat secara aktif dalam proses pembelajaran baik dengan
cara berkomunikasi maupun melalui praktikum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>) merupakan konsep
yang menyatakan prinsip, konsep yang abstrak dengan contoh konkret dan konsep
yang menyatakan simbol sehingga dalam memahami konsep tersebut dibutuhkan
beberapa pemahaman prasyarat, diantaranya adalah konsep larutan, kesetimbangan
kimia, prinsip Le Chatelier’s, kimia larutan dan persamaan reaksi kimia. siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami
konsep kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan karena siswa kurang dapat mengolah
informasi atau konsep sebelumnya yang mereka dapat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang masalah di atas, maka
penulis merasa perlu dilakukannya penelitian yang berjudul: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Penerapan <i>Self
Assessment </i>Untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa SMA Negeri
20 Garut</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Konsep kelarutan dan hasil
kali kelarutan (<i>K</i><sub>sp</sub>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 30.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -30.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Rumusan Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah di atas, maka pokok
permasalahan utama pada penelitian ini :
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanakah proses pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i> pada praktikum konsep
kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K</i><sub>sp</sub>)?
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanakah pengembangan keterampilan proses
sains siswa dengan menggunakan <i>self
assessment</i><b> </b>pada praktikum konsep
kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K</i><sub>sp</sub>)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanakah tanggapan siswa mengenai
penerapan <i>self assessment</i><b> </b>pada praktikum konsep k</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">elarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tujuan Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> Tujuan utama pada penelitian ini</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
adalah untuk</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menjelaskan penerapan <i>self assessment</i><b> </b>pada praktikum konsep
kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K</i><sub>sp</sub>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengukur keterampilan proses sains siswa
dengan menggunakan <i>self assessment</i><b> </b>pada praktikum konsep kelarutan dan
hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K</i><sub>sp</sub>)</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menganalisis tanggapan siswa kelas XI
IPA 3 SMAN 20 Garut dengan menggunakan <i>self
assessment</i><b> </b>pada praktikum konsep
kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">(<i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.6pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat
penelitian ini adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagi guru, dapat dijadikan sebagai
masukan dalam memberikan alternatif-alternatif evaluasi dalam kegiatan
praktikum di sekolah sehingga proses kegiatan praktikum akan menjadi lebih
efektif dan efisien dalam meningkatkan minat para siswa dalam mempelajari ilmu
kimia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagi Siswa, dapat ikut berperan aktif
dalam proses praktikum maupun dengan kelompok diskusinya dan melibatkan siswa
secara aktif dalam proses penilaian kinerja mereka, serta dapat mengembangkan
keterampilan proses sains yang dimiliki oleh siswa. Selain itu siswa juga dapat
meningkatkan minatnya dalam belajar kimia yang mengarah pada peningkatan
prestasi belajar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagi Peneliti, untuk menyelidiki
keefektifan penerapan self assessment sebagai alternatif penilaian yang akan
diterapkan dalam praktikum konsep kelarutan dan hasilkali kelarutan (K<sub>sp</sub>)
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagi sekolah, diharapkan mampu
meningkatkan kualitas serta efektifitas guru dalam mengajar kimia dan
menghasilkan metode penilaian yang baik dalam rangka perbaikan pembelajaran
kimia pada khususnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.6pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">E.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kerangka Berfikir<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan KTSP yang
mempunyai ciri utama bahwa pembelajaran berpusat pada siswa, maka siswa
merupakan unsur utama dalam pembelajaran dan harus berperan aktif dalam
meningkatkan keterampilan berfikir, salah satunya adalah keterampian proses
sains. M</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">enurut </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Zuharman (2000)
perubahan paradigma pendidikan dari <i>teacher
centred</i> kearah <i>student centred </i>tidak
hanya membawa dampak terhadap metode dan aktifitas belajar, akan tetapi juga
terhadap cara penilaian hasil belajar. <i>Self
assessment</i> merespon perubahan ini dengan sangat baik. Dengan mengevaluasi
diri, tentu saja fokusnya bukan lagi kepada guru, tetapi kepada murid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Proses
pembelajaran kimia khususnya pada konsep kelarutan dan hasil kelarutan pada
dasarnya haruslah dilakukan secara inkuiri. Pembelajaran tipe inkuiri menuntut
siswa untuk dapat merancang peroleha pengetahuaanya secara mandiri. Dalam
kegiatan praktikum tersebut keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang dapat
dikembangkan adalah keterampilan proses sains yang menuntut kerja eksperimental
yang menuntut standar tinggi dalam penerapannya. Maka indikator keterampilan
proses sains yang dapat dikembangkan adalah melakukan pengamatan, menafsirkan
pengamatan, mengelompokan, meramalkan, merencanakan percobaan, menggunakan alat
dan bahan, menerapkan konsep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Secara
sistematis, kerangka pemikiran dalam penelitian adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:rect
id="_x0000_s1069" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;
margin-left:312.9pt;margin-top:422.65pt;width:141.3pt;height:36pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:45'>
<v:textbox style='mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1069'/>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1061" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:55.8pt;margin-top:2.5pt;width:286.5pt;height:23.7pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:37'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Analisis Kurikulum Tingkat
Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1062" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:128.1pt;margin-top:69.1pt;width:133.75pt;height:36pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:38'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Analisis Konsep Sifat
Koligatif Larutan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1063" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:324.8pt;margin-top:69.1pt;width:133.75pt;height:36pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:39'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Analisis Jurnal <i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Self Assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1064" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:-61.35pt;margin-top:69.1pt;width:133.75pt;
height:36pt;text-indent:0;z-index:40'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Analisis Keterampilan Proses
Sains<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1065" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:106.85pt;margin-top:224.95pt;width:175.35pt;
height:50.85pt;text-indent:0;z-index:41'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Merancang Pembelajaran
Praktikum dengan Penerapan Self Assessment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1066" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:111.9pt;margin-top:165pt;width:170.3pt;height:36pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:42'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Pembelajaran Praktikum dengan
Penerapan Self Assessment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1067" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:147.7pt;margin-top:304.25pt;width:92.95pt;
height:21.15pt;text-indent:0;z-index:43'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Hasil Belajar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1068" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:-61.35pt;margin-top:165pt;width:127.75pt;height:36pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:44'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Indikator Keterampilan Proses
Sains Siswa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1070" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:350.8pt;margin-top:171.4pt;width:83.15pt;height:22.05pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:46'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Kompetensi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1071" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:150.05pt;margin-top:346.3pt;width:90.6pt;height:25pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:47'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Analisis Data<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:rect id="_x0000_s1072" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:155.1pt;margin-top:392.1pt;width:72.85pt;height:22.05pt;
text-indent:0;z-index:48'>
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:rect><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t32" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="32"
o:oned="t" path="m,l21600,21600e" filled="f">
<v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" shapetype="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1073" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:386.2pt;margin-top:193.45pt;width:3.55pt;
height:222pt;flip:x;z-index:49' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1074" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:66.4pt;margin-top:183.25pt;width:45.5pt;
height:0;z-index:50' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1075" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:282.2pt;margin-top:183.25pt;width:68.6pt;
height:0;flip:x;z-index:51' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1076" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:188.15pt;margin-top:106pt;width:0;height:57.2pt;
z-index:52' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1077" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:188.15pt;margin-top:26.2pt;width:0;
height:41.1pt;z-index:53' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1078" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:72.4pt;margin-top:85.7pt;width:55.7pt;
height:.8pt;z-index:54' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1079" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:261.85pt;margin-top:85.7pt;width:62.95pt;
height:.8pt;flip:x;z-index:55' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1080" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:188.15pt;margin-top:202.8pt;width:0;
height:22.15pt;z-index:56' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1081" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:188.15pt;margin-top:277.6pt;width:0;
height:25.75pt;z-index:57' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1082" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:188.15pt;margin-top:326.3pt;width:0;
height:19.1pt;z-index:58' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1083" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:188.15pt;margin-top:372.2pt;width:0;
height:19.9pt;z-index:59' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 617px; left: -83px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 2px; width: 699px; z-index: 45;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="0" width="0"></td>
<td width="499"></td>
<td width="195"></td>
<td width="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="556"></td>
<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top"><img height="556" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1061 _x0000_s1062 _x0000_s1063 _x0000_s1064 _x0000_s1065 _x0000_s1066 _x0000_s1067 _x0000_s1068 _x0000_s1070 _x0000_s1071 _x0000_s1072 _x0000_s1073 _x0000_s1074 _x0000_s1075 _x0000_s1076 _x0000_s1077 _x0000_s1078 _x0000_s1079 _x0000_s1080 _x0000_s1081 _x0000_s1082 _x0000_s1083" width="699" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="54"></td>
<td></td>
<td bgcolor="white" height="54" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="195"><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso]--><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 45;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><!--[endif]-->
<div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1069">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peningkatan Keterampilan
Proses Sains<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<!--[if !mso]--></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso & !vml]--> <!--[endif]--><!--[if !vml]--></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 1 Kerangka Pemikiran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">F.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi
Operasional<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk
menghindari salah pengertian dalam menafsirkan istilah-istilah yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini, maka diperlukan penjelasan dari istilah-istilah tertentu
dalam penelitian ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penerapan adalah pemanfaatan
keterampilan dan pengetahuan baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> merupakan keterlibatan
siswa dalam mengidentifikasi kriteria untuk diterapkan dalam belajar dan
membuat keputusan mengenai pencapaian
kriteria tersebut. (Bound, 1995)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keterampilan proses sains adalah
kemampuan-kemampuan dasar tertentu yang dibutuhkan untuk menggunakan dan
memahami sains. Setiap keterampilan proses merupakan keterampilan intelektual
yang khas yang digunakan oleh semua ilmuan, serta dapat digunakan untuk
memahami fenomena apapun juga (Gagne dalam Dahar, 1996).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metode praktikum
merupakan penunjang kegiatan proses belajar untuk menemukan prinsip tertentu
atau menjelaskan tentang prinsip-prinsip yang dikembangkan (Arifin <i>et.al, </i>2003).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">K</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">elarutan yaitu
jumlah gram zat terlarut dalam 1L larutan jenuh (gram per liter). Pernyataan
itu mengacu pada konsentrasi dalam larutan jenuh pada suhu tertentu (biasanya
25<sup>o</sup>C)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (Chang, 2005:145).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">H</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">asil kali
kelarutan ialah hasil kali konsentrasi molar dari ion-ion penyusunnya, di mana
masing-masing dipangkatkan dengan koefisien stoikiometrinya di dalam persamaan
kesetimbangan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (Chang, 2005:147).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">G.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kajian
Teoritik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Self-Assessment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> dalam
pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penilaian
diri adalah suatu teknik penilaian di mana peserta didik diminta untuk menilai
dirinya sendiri berkaitan dengan status, proses dan tingkat pencapaian kompetensi
yang dipelajarinya dalam mata pelajaran tertentu. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut
Laurie Brady dan Kerry Kennedy (2005) “<i>self-assessment
is a process by which student develop insight into their learning, and has
become increasingly emphasized with the development of outcome-based education</i>.”
Bagian pertama dari definisi di atas menekankan bahwa <i>self assessment </i>adalah sebuah proses, yang melibatkan murid sebagai
agen utamanya, dimana ia membangun wawasan terhadap proses pembelajaran mereka
sendiri. Hal ini berbeda dari pandangan tradisional pendidikan menaruh murid
dalam posisi pasif, atau penerima dari pengajaran guru termasuk dalam hal
menilai hasil belajar mereka. Murid jarang sekali dilibatkan secara sadar dalam
proses pemberian umpan balik terhadap hasil belajar mereka sendiri. Namun,
sudah saatnya pandangan ini diganti. Murid sebagai salah satu pemeran utama
berlangsungnya proses pendidikan seharusnya juga dilibatkan secara aktif dalam
pengambilan umpan balik atas pencapaian suatu tujuan pembelajaran. Selain itu,
definisi di atas juga menyebutkan bahwa self-assessment mulai ditekankan
penggunaannya seiring perkembangan bidang pendidikan yang menggunakan <i>outcome
</i>atau tujuan instruksional sebagai dasar perencanaan dan pelaksanaan program
pengajaran mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Boud (1995) <i>Self assessment</i>
merupakan keterlibatan siswa dalam mengidentifikasi kriteria untuk
diterapkan dalam belajar dan membuat keputusan mengenai pencapaian kriteria tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gordon (dalam Zulharman, 2007) menyatakan bahwa <i>self assessment </i>merupakan bagian dari
pembagian belajar dikelas, dimana tenaga pendidik dan peserta didik saling
bekerja satu sama lain dalam proses pembelajaran. Kerja sama ini lah menjadi
kunci keberhasilan dikelas, namun dalam hal ujian atau tes tidak bisa
digunakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Issasc (1999) <i>self
assessment</i> atau <i>peer assessment</i>
dapat digunakan untuk beberapa hal, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Dapat membantu mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam menilai
pekerjaan sendiri dan menentukan criteria penilaian yang digunakan secara
kritis serta mengaplikasikan criteria tersebut setelah sebelumnya dinegosiasi
bersama guru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Membantu siswa meningkatkan mutu belajarnya dengan melihat
kekurangan dan kelabihan pada proses dan hasil belajar sebelumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sebagai salah satu cara untuk memberikan umpan balik atau pekerjaan
siswa tanpa membebani pekerjaan guru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sebagai salah satu menentukan nilai atau tingkata kemampuan siswa
untuk tujuan sumatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perbandingan <i>self assessment</i> dengan assessment lain disajikan pada Tabel 1
berikut ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel
1. Perbandingan antara <i>Self assessment</i>
dengan Assessment lain<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Assessment
lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berpusat pada
siswa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak berpusat
pada siswa (tidak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dilibatkan).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kriteria
penilaian jelas dan transparan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terhadap
siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penilaian
acuan norma. Kriteria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">penilaian
yang digunakan tidak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">didiskusikan dengan
siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberikan
kewenangan terhadap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siswa.
Penilaian merupakan kebutuhan personal dalam pembelajaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siswa
terisolasi dari penilaian dan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">proses pembelajaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mendorong
adanya penilaian <i>deep<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">learning</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengembangkan
penilaian <i>surface<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">learning</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberikan
kesempatan kepada siswa untuk merencanakan pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak
memberikan kesempatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kepada
siswa untuk merencanakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pembelajaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adanya
diskusi antara siswa dengan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">guru
mengenai kriteria penilaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jarang
terjadi diskusi antara siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dengan
guru mengenai kriteria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">penilaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Formatif
<i>feedback</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kadang
terjadi kesalahpahaman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">feedback
</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karena
kurangnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunikasi antara
guru dan siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adanya
kesempatan untuk memperbaiki atau meninjau pembelajaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Merupakan
hasil akhir penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberikan
kesempatan yang baik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">untuk
<i>assessment </i>formatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedikit
memberikan kesempatan untuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">assessment </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">formatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel
1. Perbandingan antara <i>Self assessment</i>
dengan Assessment lain (Lanjutan)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meningkatkan
rasa percaya diri siswa <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberikan
efek negatif terhadap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">rasa percaya diri
siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meningkatkan
kualitas kinerja dan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kualitas
belajar siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 193.05pt;" valign="top" width="257">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebanyakan
merupakan task pembelajaran yang otentik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.8pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagian
merupakan task pembelajaran yang otentik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 200%;">(Orsmond,
2004)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan <i>Self assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Beberapa
kelebihan <i>self assessment</i> (McAlpine,
2000; Orsmond, 2004), antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Meningkatkan
tanggung jawab dan kemandirian siswa dalam membuat keputusan,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mendorong
siswa menjadi lebih kritis mengenai hasil kerjanya,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Meningkatkan
fokus pada proses pembelajaran,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mendorong
aktivitas kerjasama antara guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran dan penilaian,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adanya
<i>feedback</i> dapat memberikan motivasi
pada pembelajaran,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mendorong
refleksi pada pembelajaran siswa,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mendorong
siswa sukses dalam lifelong learning,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Meningkatkan
kemampuan metakognitif siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Meskipun penggunaan <i>self assessment</i> memberikan manfaat
seperti yang telah diuraikan di atas, <i>self
assessment</i> juga mempunyai kelemahan (Ellington <i>et al</i>, 2005;Gordon, 2004; McAlpine, 2000) sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kurangnya
kemampuan siswa dalam menilai diri sendiri,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kejujuran
adalah hal yang terpenting dalam pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siswa
cenderung menilai lebih terhadap dirinya sendiri,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siswa
belum berpengalaman dalam melaksanakan <i>self
assessment</i> sehingga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Diperlukan
pelatihan secara intensif,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siswa
merasa khawatir jika hasil <i>self assessment</i>
disebarkan kepada siswa lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prosedur Pelaksanaan <i>Self assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Falchikov
(Orsmond, 2004) prosedur pelaksanaan <i>self
assessment</i> meliputi empat tahap yaitu persiapan, implementasi, <i>follow-up</i>, dan replikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahapan-tahapan
tersebut disajikan pada gambar 2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Persiapan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap ini diawali
dengan pembuatan desain pembelajaran, kemudian desain tersebut disampaikan
kepada siswa agar siswa memahami hal-hal yang harus dilakukan pada
pembelajaran. Pemotivasian siswa dilakukan agar siswa dapat mengetahui tujuan
dan manfaat pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i>
(Zulharman, 2003). Kriteria penilaian harus didiskusikan terlebih dahulu dengan
siswa.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dengan
adanya diskusi kriteria, siswa merasa menjadi bagian dalam suatu penilaian dan
akan lebih memahami maksud kriteria penilaian jika kriteria tersebut
dikembangkan oleh siswa sendiri (Bostock; 2000). Sebagian besar siswa tidak
berpengalaman dalam penilaian. Oleh karena itu terdapat pelatihan <i>self assessment</i> penting dilakukan
sebelum tahap implementasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-.15pt;margin-top:-30.15pt;width:78pt;
height:36pt;z-index:1' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
Persiapan</p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1027" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:-.15pt;margin-top:36.75pt;width:78pt;height:30.75pt;
z-index:2' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Studi
desain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1028" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:-.15pt;margin-top:90.9pt;width:105pt;height:45.75pt;
z-index:3' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Penyampaian<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>desain pada siswa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1029" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:117.6pt;margin-top:352.45pt;width:110.25pt;
height:113.75pt;z-index:4' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Pengajuan
ketidaksetujuan terhadap pelaksanaan <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>self
assessment </i>sesuai dengan mekanisme yang telah disetujui<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1030" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:227.85pt;margin-top:-30.15pt;width:92.25pt;
height:36pt;z-index:5' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Follow up</i> dan
evaluasi</p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1031" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:335.1pt;margin-top:-30.15pt;width:92.25pt;
height:36pt;z-index:6' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
Replikasi </p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1032" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:-.15pt;margin-top:179.85pt;width:110.25pt;
height:60pt;z-index:7' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Penjelasan
mengenai langkah-langkah dan proses pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1033" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:-.15pt;margin-top:264.9pt;width:93pt;height:36pt;
z-index:8' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Identifikasi
kriteria oleh siswa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1034" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:-.15pt;margin-top:352.45pt;width:96.75pt;height:60.65pt;
z-index:9' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Pemilihan
kriteria yang telah disepakati<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1035" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:117.6pt;margin-top:36.75pt;width:86.25pt;height:114pt;
z-index:10' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Kriteria
yang telah disepakati digunakan untuk menilai<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>kemampuan diri sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1036" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:117.6pt;margin-top:179.85pt;width:82.5pt;height:54.75pt;
z-index:11' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Feed back</span></i><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'> diberikan oleh siswa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1037" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:117.6pt;margin-top:261.15pt;width:92.25pt;
height:60.75pt;z-index:12' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Pemberian
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>judgement</i> oleh siswa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1038" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:111.6pt;margin-top:-30.15pt;width:92.25pt;
height:36pt;z-index:13' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
Implementasi</p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1039" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:227.85pt;margin-top:184.35pt;width:73.5pt;
height:36pt;z-index:14' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Identifikasi
masalah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1040" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:221.85pt;margin-top:103.8pt;width:92.25pt;
height:28.5pt;z-index:15' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Analisis
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>feedback</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1041" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:221.85pt;margin-top:31.35pt;width:92.25pt;
height:46.5pt;z-index:16' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Pengumpulan
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>feedback</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1042" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:221.85pt;margin-top:264.9pt;width:92.25pt;
height:50.25pt;z-index:17' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Modifikasi
jika diperlukan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:roundrect id="_x0000_s1043" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:335.1pt;margin-top:36.75pt;width:92.25pt;height:70.5pt;
z-index:18' arcsize="10923f">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Pengulangan
latihan pada kelompok<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:roundrect><v:shape id="_x0000_s1044" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:39.6pt;margin-top:5.85pt;width:.05pt;
height:30pt;z-index:19' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1045" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:39.6pt;margin-top:67.5pt;width:0;height:22.5pt;
z-index:20' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1046" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:39.55pt;margin-top:138.45pt;width:.1pt;
height:40.5pt;z-index:21' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1047" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:39.5pt;margin-top:241.65pt;width:.05pt;
height:24.75pt;z-index:22' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1048" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:39.65pt;margin-top:301.8pt;width:.05pt;
height:48.85pt;z-index:23' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1049" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:158.1pt;margin-top:323.7pt;width:.05pt;
height:27.85pt;z-index:24' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1050" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:158.05pt;margin-top:235.5pt;width:0;
height:24.75pt;z-index:25' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1051" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:157.9pt;margin-top:153.45pt;width:0;
height:25.5pt;z-index:26' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1052" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:257.9pt;margin-top:221.25pt;width:0;
height:42.75pt;z-index:27' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1053" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:257.85pt;margin-top:132.3pt;width:.05pt;
height:50.25pt;z-index:28' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1054" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:257.85pt;margin-top:79.65pt;width:.05pt;
height:23.25pt;flip:x;z-index:29' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1055" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:153.6pt;margin-top:5.85pt;width:.05pt;
height:30pt;z-index:30' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1056" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:372.55pt;margin-top:5.85pt;width:.05pt;
height:30pt;z-index:31' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1057" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:263.05pt;margin-top:5.85pt;width:.05pt;
height:25.5pt;z-index:32' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1058" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:77.85pt;margin-top:-9.9pt;width:33.75pt;
height:0;z-index:33' o:connectortype="straight"/><v:shape id="_x0000_s1059"
type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;
margin-left:203.85pt;margin-top:-9.9pt;width:24pt;height:0;z-index:34'
o:connectortype="straight"/><v:shape id="_x0000_s1060" type="#_x0000_t32"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:320.1pt;
margin-top:-9.9pt;width:15pt;height:0;z-index:35' o:connectortype="straight"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 1;"><span style="height: 668px; left: -1px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: -41px; width: 576px;"><img height="668" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027 _x0000_s1028 _x0000_s1029 _x0000_s1030 _x0000_s1031 _x0000_s1032 _x0000_s1033 _x0000_s1034 _x0000_s1035 _x0000_s1036 _x0000_s1037 _x0000_s1038 _x0000_s1039 _x0000_s1040 _x0000_s1041 _x0000_s1042 _x0000_s1043 _x0000_s1044 _x0000_s1045 _x0000_s1046 _x0000_s1047 _x0000_s1048 _x0000_s1049 _x0000_s1050 _x0000_s1051 _x0000_s1052 _x0000_s1053 _x0000_s1054 _x0000_s1055 _x0000_s1056 _x0000_s1057 _x0000_s1058 _x0000_s1059 _x0000_s1060" width="576" /></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar
2. Tahapan Pelaksanaan <i>Self assessment</i>
menurut Falchikov (Orsmond, 2004)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Implementasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Falchikov (Orsmond,
2004) mengungkapkan pada tahap implementasi, kriteria penilaian yang telah
disepakati digunakan untuk menilai diri sendiri. Komunikasi hasil penilaian
juga penting dilaksanakan sebagai perbaikan pada pembelajaran selanjutnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Follow-up</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
dan Evaluasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Falchikov
(Orsmond, 2004), <i>feedback</i> diperoleh
dari hasil penilaian <i>self assessment</i>.
<i>Feedback</i> tersebut dianalisis untuk
mengidentifikasi masalah yang terjadi pada pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Replikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Falchikov (Orsmond,
2004) menyatakan bahwa siswa akan terbiasa dalam melakukan <i>self assessment</i> jika proses ini dilakukan secara berkelanjutan.
Menurut Spiller (2009) proses pelaksanaan <i>self
assessment</i> harus mencakup:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penjelasan tujuan dan prosedur <i>self assessment</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan penghargaan terhadap hasil <i>self assessment</i> tanpa ada rasa takut
pada siswa akan terungkapnya hasil penilaian tersebut yang dapat digunakan
untuk melawan mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siswa harus dilibatkan dalam penentuan
kriteria penilaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Self
assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dapat digabung dengan peer assessment dan penilaian
guru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Self
assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dapat diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran dengan
menyediakan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi atau merefleksikan
kemajuan hasil belajar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">f)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siswa dapat diminta untuk memonitor
kemajuan dalam mencapai suatu keterampilan berdasarkan kriteria penilaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">g)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siswa memerlukan latihan dan bimbingan
dalam mengembangkan kemampuan <i>self
assessment</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Keterampilan
Proses Sains<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gagne
menyatakan keterampilan proses sains adalah kemampuan-kemampuan dasar tertentu
yang dibutuhkan untuk menggunakan dan memahami sains. Setiap keterampilan
proses merupakan keterampilan intelektual yang khas yang digunakan oleh semua
ilmuan, serta dapat digunakan untuk memahami fenomena apapun juga (Dahar,
1996).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keterampilan
proses sains terdiri dari sejumlah indikator yang menggambarkan proses
memperoleh pengetahuan baru atau mengembangkan kemampuan yang telah dimiliki.
Menurut Dahar indikator keterampilan proses sains terdiri dari mengamati,
menafsirkan pengamatan, meramalkan, menggunakan alat/bahan, menerapkan konsep,
merencanakan penelitian, berkomunikasi, dan mengajukan pertanyaan (Hermita,
2008).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut
Semiawan (1992) keterampilan proses sains meliputi observasi (menghitung,
mengukur, mengklasifikasi), mencari hubungan ruang/waktu, membuat hipotesis,
merencanakan penelitian, mengendalikan variabel, interpretasi, menyusun
kesimpulan sementara, meramalkan, menerapkan dan mengkomunikasikan (Hermita,
2008). Peter (dalam Hermita, 2008) menyebutkan ada enam aspek keterampilan
proses, meliputi: observasi, klasifikasi, pengukuran, mengkomunikasikan,
memberikan penjelasan atau interpretasi terhadap suatu pengamatan, melakukan
eksperimen ( Hermita, 2008).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berikut
ini klasifikasi keterampilan proses
sains :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel
2. Indikator keterampilan proses dan karakteristiknya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 10.75pt; width: 574px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NO.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" width="357">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KARAKTERISTIKNYA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan
pengamatan ( observasi )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengidentifikasi
persamaan dan perbedaan yang nyata pada objek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencocokan
gambar dengan uraian tulisan atau gambar/benda <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menggunakan
indera penglihatan, pembau, pendengar, pengecap, dan peraba<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menggunakan
fakta yang relevan dan memadai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menafsirkan
pengamatan (interpretasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencatat
hasil pengamatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghubung-hubungkan
hasil pengamatan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menemukan
pola atau keteraturan dari suatu seri pengamatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyimpulkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengelompokan
(klasifikasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencari
perbedaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengkontraskan
ciri-ciri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencari
kesamaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membandingkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencari
dasar penggolongan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meramalkan
(prediksi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengajukan
perkiraan tentang sesuatu yang belum terjadi berdasarkan suatu kecenderungan
atau pola yang sudah ada<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berkomunikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membaca
grafik, tabel, atau diagram<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan
hasil percobaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyusun
dan menyampaikan laporan sistematis dan jelas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel
2. Indikator keterampilan proses dan karakteristiknya (lanjutan)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 10.75pt; width: 574px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NO.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" width="357">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KARAKTERISTIKNYA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berhipotesis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyatakan
hubungan antara dua variabel atau memperkirakan penyebab terjadinya sesuatu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Merencanakan
percobaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan
alat dan bahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan
variabel atau perubah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan
variabel kontrol dan variabel bebas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukian
apa yangg diamati, diukur, atau ditulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan
cara dan lanngkah kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan
cara mengolah data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menerapkan
konsep<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjelaskan
suatu peristiwa dengan menggunakan konsep yang sudah dimiliki<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menerapkan
konsep yang baru yang telah dipelajari dalam situasi yang baru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengajukan
pertanyaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meminta
penjelasan mengenai apa, bagaimana, dan mengapa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bertanya
untuk meminta penjelasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertanyaan
yang dilakukan dapat meminta penjelasan tentang apa, bagaimana dan mengapa
ataupun menanyakan latar belakang hipotesis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menggunakan
alat dan bahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengetahui
mengapa menggunakan alat dan bahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.95pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengetahui
bgaimana menggunakan alat dan bahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 297.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Rustaman, 2003).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Depdiknas
(2006) menyebutkan bahwa ilmu kimia dibangun melalui pengembangan
keterampilan-keterampilan proses sains yaitu : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengobservasi
atau mengamati, termasuk didalamnya menghitung,, mengukur, mengklasifikasi dan
mencari hubungan tuang/waktu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyusun
hipotesia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merencanakan
penelitian/eksperimen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memanipulasi
variabel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menafsirka
data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyusun
kesimpulan sementara (interferensi)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Meramalkan atau
memprediksi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menerapkan dan
mengaplikasikan dan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengkomunikasikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kegiatan Praktikum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Praktikum memiliki kedudukan yang penting dalam pembelajaran sains.
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Dahar (1986) praktikum adalah pelajaran
yang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk melakukan serangkaian
keterampilan proses IPA dengan cara penyampaian percobaan di laboratorium. Keterampilan
proses IPA sendiri meliputi : mengamati, menafsirkan, mengklasifikasikan,
menggunakan alat dan bahan, menerapkan konsep,merencanakan percobaan,
berkomunikasi dan mengajukan pertanyaan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Arifin
<i>et.al.</i> (2003) mengemukakan bahwa
metode praktikum merupakan penunjang kegiatan proses belajar untuk menemukan
prinsip tertentu atau menjelaskan tentang prinsip-prinsip yang dikembangkan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kegiatan
praktikum akan memberikan makna apabila kegiatan tersebut direncanakan dengan
baik, memberi kesempatan untuk memilih prosedur alternatif, merancang
eksperimen, mengumpulkan data dan menginterpretasikan data yang diperoleh.
Untuk dapat melaksanakan praktikum dengan tuntutan tersebut diperlukan
keterampilan berpikir atau intelektual skill. Untuk mengembangkan keterampilan</span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tersebut dalam praktikum, siswa perlu menggunakan prosedur yang
logis dan strategis (Arifin <i>et.al,</i> 2003).
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut
Arifin (2003), keuntungan menggunakan metode eksperimen atau praktikum adalah
sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dapat
menggambarkan keadaan yang konkret tentang suatu peristiwa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Siswa dapat
mengamati proses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Siswa dapat
mengembangkan keterampilan inkuiri. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Siswa dapat
mengembangkan sikap ilmiah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membantu guru
untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran lebih efektif dan efisien.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut
Rustaman (2003), praktikum merupakan bagian integral dari pembelajaran sains.
Melalui kegiatan percobaan hampir semua jenis keterampilan proses dikembangkan
dan digunakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kelarutan dan
Hasil Kali Kelarutan (<i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kelarutan (<i>s</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut Chang (2005 : 147) terdapat dua kuantitas yang menyatakan kelarutan
zat : kelarutan molar, yaitu jumlah zat terlarut dalam 1L larutan jenuh (mol
per liter), dan kelarutan, yaitu jumlah gram zat terlarut dalam 1L larutan
jenuh (gram per liter). Pernyataan itu mengacu pada konsentrasi dalam larutan
jenuh pada suhu tertentu (biasanya 25<sup>o</sup>C).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hasil kali Kelarutan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut Chang
(2005 : 145) hasil kali kelarutan ialah hasil kali konsentrasi molar dari
ion-ion penyusunnya, di mana masing-masing dipangkatkan dengan koefisien
stoikiometrinya di dalam persamaan kesetimbangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Misalnya
larutan jenuh perak klorida yang bersentuhan dengan perak klorida padat.
Kesetimbangan kelarutannya dapat dinyatakan sebagai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">
AgCl<i>(s)</i> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12pt;
height:9pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="16" /><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Unknown" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1398485290">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> Ag<sup>+</sup><i>(aq)</i> + Cl<sup>-</sup>(<i>aq</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karena garam
seperti AgCl dianggap sebagai elektrolit kuat, semua AgCl yang larut dalam air
dianggap terurai sempurna menjadi ion Ag<sup>+</sup> dan Cl<sup>-</sup>. Kita
mengetahui bahwa reaksi heterogen, konsentrasi padatan adalah konstanta. Jadi
kita dapat menuliskan konstanta kesetimbangan untuk pelarutan AgCl sebagai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<i><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">K<sub>sp</sub> </span></i><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">AgCl = <i> </i>[Ag<sup>+</sup>][Cl<sup>-</sup>]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Dimana<i> K<sub>sp</sub></i> disebut konstanta hasil
kali kelarutan atau ringkasnya hasil kali kelarutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaruh Ion Sejenis Terhadap Kelarutan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reaksi
kesetimbangan larutan AgCl adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> AgCl(<i>s</i>) <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="17" /><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Unknown" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1398485291">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--> Ag<sup>+</sup>(<i>aq</i>)<sub>
</sub>+ Cl<sup>- </sup>(<i>aq</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dengan menggunakan nilai <i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>, dapat dihitung kelarutan
senyawa dalam larutan yang mengandung ion sejenis. Konsentrasi suatu ion dalam
larutan bergantung pada jumlah totalnya, tanpa membedakan asalnya. Sebagai
contoh larutan yang mengandung NaCl dan AgCl, maka konsentrasi Cl<sup>-</sup>
adalah jumlah yang berasal dari NaCl dan AgCl , sedangkan Ag<sup>+</sup> hanya
dari AgCl.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaruh pH terhadap Kelarutan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tingkat keasaman larutan (pH) dapat mempengaruhi kelarutan dari berbagai
jenis zat. Suatu basa umumnya lebih larut dalam larutan yang bersifat asam, dan
sebaliknya lebih sukur larut dalam larutan yang bersifat basa. Garam-garam yang
berasal dari asam lemah akan lebih mudah larut dalam larutan yang bersifat asam
kuat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">pH dan
Kelarutan Basa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sesuai dengan efek ion sejenis, suatu basa akan lebih sukar larut dalam
larutan yang bersifat basa daripada dalam larutan netral. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">pH dan
Kelarutan Garam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kalsium karbonat (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) sukar larut dalam air, tetapi larut
dalam larutan HCl. Fakta ini dapat diterangkan sebagai berikut: Dalam larutan
jenuh CaCO<sub>3</sub> terdapat kesetimbangan sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">CaCO<sub>3</sub>
(<i>s</i>) <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="17" /><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Unknown" ShapeID="_x0000_i1027"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1398485292">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--> Ca<sup>2+</sup>(<i>aq</i>)
+ CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>(<i>aq</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam larutan asam, ion CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> akan diikat oleh ion
H<sup>+</sup> membentuk HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> atau H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.
H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> selanjutnya akan terurai membentuk CO<sub>2</sub>
dan H<sub>2</sub>O. hal ini akan menggeser kesetimbangan di atas ke kanan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dengan kata
lain menyebabkan CaCO<sub>3</sub> melarut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reaksi Pengendapan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kita dapat mengeluarkan suatu ion dari larutannya melalui reaksi
pengendapan. Misalnya, ion Kalsium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) dapat dikeluarkan dengan
menambahkan larutan Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. dalam hal ini, ion Ca<sup>2+</sup>
akan bergabung dengan ion karbonat (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>) membentuk CaCO<sub>3</sub>,
suatu garam yang sukar larut, sehingga mengendap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ca<sup>2+</sup>(<i>aq</i>) + CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2- </sup>(<i>aq</i>) </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> CaCO<sub>3</sub>(<i>s</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh lainnya yaitu mengendapkan ion Cl<sup>-</sup> dari air laut dengan
menambahkan larutan perak nitrat (AgNO<sub>3</sub>). Ion Cl<sup>-</sup> akan
bergabung dengan ion Ag<sup>+</sup> membentuk AgCl yang sukar larut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cl<sup>-</sup>(<i>aq</i>)
+ Ag<sup>+</sup>(<i>aq</i>) </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> AgCl(<i>s</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebagaimana telah dipelajari ketika membahas kesetimbangan kimia, hasil
kali konsentrasi seperti dirumuskan dalam rumus tetapan kesetimbangan (bukan
konsentrasi setimbang) kita sebut sebagai Q<sub>c</sub>. Jadi secara umum,
apakah keadaan suatu larutan belum jenuh, jenuh, atau terjadi pengendapan,
dapat ditentukan dengan memeriksa nilai Q<sub>c</sub>-nya dengan ketentuan
sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jika Q<sub>c</sub> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i><span lang="SV">K<sub>sp</sub></span></i><span lang="SV">, larutan belum
jenuh<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jika Q<sub>c</sub> = <i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>,
larutan tepat jenuh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jika Q<sub>c</sub> ><i> K<sub>sp</sub></i>, terjadi pengendapan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">H.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hipotesis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">penerapan
<i>self assessment</i> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> pada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
praktikum</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> konsep kelarutan
dan hasil kali kelarutan (<i>K<sub>sp</sub></i>)
dapat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">meningkatkan</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> keterampilan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">proses</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> sains siswa kelas XI IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SMAN 20 Garut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">I.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metodologi
Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode
Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
metode penelitian kelas. Metode ini berfungsi untuk mendeskripsikan atau
memberikan gambaran mengenai penerapan <i>self
assessment</i> dalam menilai kinerja siswa SMA kelas XI pada praktikum Kelarutan
dan Hasil Kali Kelarutan (<i>K</i><sub>sp</sub>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Subjek
Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA kelas
XI IPA di SMA Negeri 20 Garut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prosedur
Pelaksanaan Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat penerapan <i>self assessment</i> pada siswa SMA kelas XI
dalam menilai kinerja pada praktikum Kelarutan dan Hasil Kali Kelarutan. Alur
penelitian digambarkan ke dalam bagan seperti yang terlihat pada gambar 3. Pada
penelitian ini dilakukan tiga tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan
dan tahap analisis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar
3. Diagram Prosedur Penelitian</span></b><b> </b><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_0" o:spid="_x0000_s1084" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Drawing14.jpg"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-11.95pt;
margin-top:5.15pt;width:426.25pt;height:598pt;z-index:36;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;
mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg"
o:title="Drawing14"/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 797px; left: -16px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 0px; width: 568px; z-index: 36;"><img alt="Drawing14.jpg" height="797" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_0" width="568" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap
Pelaksanaan Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan kajian
literatur yang telah dilakukan, tahap pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdiri dari
enam tahapan yaitu tahap pemotivasian siswa, pelatihan <i>self assessment</i>, pelaksanaan <i>self
assessment</i>, pengkomunikasian hasil, pemberian <i>feedback</i>, dan pemanfaatan hasil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap pemotivasian siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada tahap ini siswa
diberi informasi mengenai pengertian <i>self
assessment</i> selain itu tujuan dan manfaatnya diinformasikan kepada siswa.
Hal ini berguna agar siswa lebih terarah dalam melakukannya, karena mereka
mengetahui apa tujuan dan manfaatnya. Pada tahap pemotivasian ini siswa masih
tampak bingung dikarenakan mereka baru mengetahui adanya asesmen menggunakan <i>self assessment</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap pelatihan <i>self assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada tahap ini peneliti
menjelaskan prosedur pelaksanaan untuk asessment kinerja menggunakan <i>self assessment</i>. Sehingga diharapkan
siswa tidak kebingungan pada pelaksanaan praktikum Kelarutan dan hasil kali
kelarutan (Ksp) maupun pada pelaksanaan asesmennya. Di samping itu peneliti
juga memberitahukan aspek penilaian kepada siswa dan siswa diminta memberi
masukan terhadap kriteria kinerja yang mereka anggap perlu. Usulan kriteria
dari siswa disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan asesmen untuk kriteria kinerja. Di
akhir pertemuan siswa diberi tugas untuk mencari sendiri prosedur praktikum Kelarutan
dan hasil kali kelarutan (K<sub>sp</sub>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada tahap pelaksanaan
ini dilakukan praktikum Kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (K<sub>sp</sub>)
secara berkelompok. Sebanyak 30 orang siswa dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok yang
telah ditentukan dan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 orang siswa.
Pemilihan anggota siswa dalam kelompok didasarkan pada pertimbangan nilai
ulangan kimia sebelumnya. Ketika melakukan praktikum Kelarutan dan hasil kali
kelarutan (K<sub>sp</sub>), kinerja setiap siswa dalam kelompok dinilai oleh
seorang observer yang diperlukan sebagai pembanding terhadap asesmen yang
dilakukan oleh siswa. Setelah praktikum selesai dilaksanakan siswa mengisi
rubrik <i>self assessment</i> yang
diberikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap pengkomunikasian hasil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada tahap ini hasil
penilaian berdasarkan rubrik <i>self
assessment</i> dan berdasarkan observer dikomunikasikan kepada siswa sehingga
siswa mengetahui hasil penilaian. Selain itu siswa mengetahui kekurangan mereka
dalam kinerja praktikum Kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (K<sub>sp</sub>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap pemberian <i>feedback</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap pemberian <i>feedback</i> adalah yang penting dalam
pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i> karena
dengan adanya <i>self assessment</i>
diharapkan siswa dapat meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam kinerja dan juga
keinginannya untuk memperbaiki proses belajaranya dapat tumbuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap pemanfaatan hasil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil dari <i>self assessment</i> diharapkan dapat
mengungkap kinerja siswa pada praktikum Kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (K<sub>sp</sub>)
dan dapat berkontribusi pada nilai akhir siswa atau biasa disebut nilai
sumatif. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Tahap Analisis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seluruh data penelitian
yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis. Hasil analisis tersebut dihubungkan
dengan literatur yang ada sehingga dapat dibuat kesimpulan mengenai penerapan <i>self assessment</i> dalam menilai kinerja
praktikum yang telah dilakukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Instrumen
Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 3.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Instru<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">m</span>en adalah alat pada waktu peneliti <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">m</span>enggunakan suatu <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">m</span>etode (Arikunto, 1998:137).Dalam hal i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>i,instru<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">m</span>en yang dipergunakan
adala<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">h</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Deskripsi pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pembelajaran dilakukan dengan penerapan
self assessment pada praktikum konsep kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan (K<sub>sp</sub>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Soal <i>evaluasi</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Soal evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui
perkembangan keterampilan proses sains siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rubrik pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i> pada kegiatan praktikum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Lembar assessment ini
berbentuk daftar cek (check list) yang diisi oleh siswa sendiri. Didalamnya
berisi indikator-indikator keterampilan proses sains yang muncul selama kegiatan praktikum
berlangsung. Lembar kerja ini mengacu kepada praktikum kelarutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Format observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Format observasi memuat isi yang sama dengan format
rubrik <i>self assessment</i>. Namun, format
observasi digunakan oleh observer untuk menilai kinerja siswa dan sebagai
pembanding dari hasil rubrik <i>self
assessment</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Angket siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui mengenai
pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i> dan untuk
mengetahui tanggapan siswa terhadap pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wawancara dilakukan terhadap siswa untuk mengetahui
tanggapan siswa terhadap pelaksanaan <i>self
assessment</i> dan juga keluhan siswa mengenai <i>self assessment</i>. Format wawancara berisi 13 pertanyaan dan lebih
lengkapnya dapat dilihat pada Lampiran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengumpulan
dan Analisis Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo40; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengumpulan Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hubungan antara data
yang diperlukan, sumber data, metode pengumpulan data dan instrumen pengumpul
data sangat penting diketahui agar penelitian lebih terarah. Sehingga dibuat
kisi-kisi pelaksanaan penelitian yang tertuang dalam Tabel 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel
3. Kisi-kisi pelaksanaan penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data yang diperlukan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode pengumpulan data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Instrumen <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemberian
Pretest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa yang
mengerjakan pretest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pretest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lembar pretest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pelaksanaan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kegiatan <i>self<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Catatan penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa yang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">melakukan <i>self<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Angket <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Angket<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Format wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Self
assessment </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">dapat
mengungkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">kinerja
siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa yang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">melakukan <i>self<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengisian
Rubrik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">self
assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rubrik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Observer </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengisian
format<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">observasi
untuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">observer</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Format observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kemampuan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa yang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">melakukan <i>self<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengisian
Rubrik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">self
assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rubrik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Angket <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Angket<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Observer </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengisian
format<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">observasi
untuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">observer</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Format observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemberian
<i>posttest</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa yang
melakukan post test<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengisian <i>post test</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lembar <i>post test</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kendala yang
ditemukan pada<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">pelaksanaan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">self assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kegiatan <i>self<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Catatan penelitian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa yang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">melakukan <i>self<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Angket <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Angket<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 118.65pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanggapan siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa yang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">melakukan <i>self<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">assessment</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Angket <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Angket<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wawancara <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.4pt;" valign="top" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengolahan
Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah pengumpulan data selesai,
langkah selanjutnya adalah menganalisis data tersebut. Langkah-langkah untuk
analisisnya adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level2 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji Normalitas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Asumsi
normalitas merupakan prasyarat kebanyakan prosedur statistika inferential. Pada
penelitian ini asumsi normalitas dieksplorasi menggunakan uji normalitas <i>Lilliefors</i> (<i>Kolmogorov Smirnov</i>) melalui SPSS 18 dengan taraf signifikansi α =
0,05. Bentuk hipotesis untuk uji normalitas adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">H<sub>0</sub> : angka signifikan (Sig) < 0,05, maka data tidak berdistribusi normal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">H<sub>1</sub> : angka signifikan (Sig) > 0,05, maka data
berdistribusi normal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam
pengujian hipotesis, kriteria untuk menolak atau tidak menolak H<sub>0</sub>
berdasarkan P-<i>value</i> adalah jika P-<i>value</i>< α maka H<sub>0</sub> ditolak
dan jika P-<i>value</i></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> α maka H<sub>0</sub> tidak dapat ditolak. Dalam program SPSS 18
digunakan istilah <i>significance</i> yang
disingkat <i>Sig</i> untuk P-<i>value</i>, dengan kata lain P-<i>value</i> = <i>Sig</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level2 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji Homogenitas</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji homogenitas digunakan untuk mengetahui distribusi data, apakah
homogen atau tidak homogen. Akdon (2008) merincikan langkah-langkah uji
homogenitas sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo42; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mencari nilai varian
terbesar dan terkecil dengan rumus:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></i><sub><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:137.25pt;height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="48" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="183" /><!--[endif]--></span></sub><sub><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1028"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1398485295">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span></sub><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo42; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Membandingkan nilai F<sub>hitung</sub>
dengan F<sub>tabel</sub> dengan kriteria; jika
F<sub>hitung </sub>< F<sub>tabel</sub>, maka varians adalah homogen,
dan uji komparatif dapat dilakukan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level2 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data
Rubrik Pelaksanaan <i>Self assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menganalisis pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i> menggunakan data hasil
angket, wawancara, dan catatan penelitian ke dalam masing-masing tahapan <i>self assessment</i> yang sesuai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kendala-kendala yang timbul saat
pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i> dapat diketahui
dari hasil analisis rubrik pelaksanaan <i>self
assessment</i> dan juga catatan penelitian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan interpretasi terhadap data
rubrik pelaksanaan <i>self assessment</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level2 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data
Kemampuan <i>Self assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mentabulasi data yang berasal dari
rubrik <i>self assessment</i> dan juga
asesmen yang dilakukan observer terhadap kinerja praktikum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membandingkan asesmen yang dilakukan
oleh siswa dan observer dengan cara menjumlahkan hasil asesmen berdasarkan
siswa yang sesuai dengan observer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>%</m:r><m:r>X</m:r><m:r>=</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>R</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>SM</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>×100%</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:111.75pt;height:33.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="45" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="149" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">%X = Nilai persen yang dicari atau
diharapkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">R
= Jumlah penilaian siswa yang
sesuai dengan observer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SM
= Jumlah kriteria penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Purwanto,
2006:3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil pengolahan selanjutnya dianalisis
guna mengetahui kemampuan <i>self assessment</i>
siswa pada kegiatan praktikum dengan kategori sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel
5. Skala Kategori Kemampuan <i>Self
assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Skala Kemampuan <i>Self assessment </i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kategori</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">86%-100% <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sangat
Baik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">76%-85%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Baik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">60%-75% </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cukup</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">46%-59%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kurang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: TimesNewRoman; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">≤</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">45%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kurang Sekali</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> (Asih, 2010)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghitung persentase jumlah siswa untuk
setiap kategori <i>self assessment</i>
kemampuan dengan menggunakan rumus:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>%</m:r><m:r>X</m:r><m:r>=</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>f</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>N</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>×100%</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:102.75pt;height:34.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="46" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="137" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">X = Persentase yang dicari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">f
= Banyaknya siswa pada tiap
kemampuan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">N =
Total jumlah siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level2 lfo41; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Data <i>Self
assessment</i> untuk Mengungkap Kinerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghitung jumlah kriteria yang
dilakukan siswa berdasarkan hasil <i>asesment</i>
siswa dan hasil <i>asesmen</i> oleh
observer. Kemudian dihitung persentasenya menggunakan rumus:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>%</m:r><m:r>X</m:r><m:r>=</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>R</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>SM</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>×100%</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:111.75pt;height:33.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="45" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="149" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">%X = Nilai persen yang dicari atau diharapkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">R
= Jumlah penilaian siswa yang sesuai
dengan observer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SM
= Jumlah kriteria penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 262.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 25.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Purwanto, 2006:3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Persentase
penilaian oleh observer juga sama menggunakan rumus yang sama dengan rumus di
atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengkategorikan penilaian berdasarkan
siswa dan observer menggunakan tabel kategori di bawah ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel
6 Skala Kategori Kemampuan <i>Self
assessment</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Skala Kemampuan <i>Self assessment </i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kategori</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">86%-100% <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sangat
Baik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">76%-85%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Baik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">60%-75% </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cukup</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">46%-59%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kurang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.65pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: TimesNewRoman; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">≤</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">45%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 121.7pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kurang Sekali</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> (Asih,
2010)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghitung persentase jumlah siswa dalam
setiap kategori <i>self assessment</i> baik
menurut siswa maupun observer dengan menggunakan rumus:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>%</m:r><m:r>X</m:r><m:r>=</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>f</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>N</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>×100%</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:102.75pt;height:34.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="46" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="137" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">X = Persentase yang dicari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">f = Banyaknya siswa pada tiap kemampuan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">N
= Total jumlah siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menganalisis data hasil kategorisasi
tersebut dengan cara membandingkan persentase jumlah siswa dalam setiap
kategori berdasarkan penilaian siswa dan observer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level2 lfo41; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Data Hasil Angket Siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mentabulasi jawaban angket.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghitung persentase jawaban siswa
untuk setiap pertanyaan pada angket dengan cara:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>%</m:r><m:r>X</m:r><m:r>=</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>j</m:r><m:r>u</m:r><m:r>m</m:r><m:r>l</m:r><m:r>a</m:r><m:r>h
</m:r><m:r>j</m:r><m:r>a</m:r><m:r>w</m:r><m:r>a</m:r><m:r>b</m:r><m:r>a</m:r><m:r>n</m:r><m:r>
</m:r><m:r>s</m:r><m:r>i</m:r><m:r>s</m:r><m:r>w</m:r><m:r>a</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><m:r>j</m:r><m:r>u</m:r><m:r>m</m:r><m:r>l</m:r><m:r>a</m:r><m:r>h
</m:r><m:r>s</m:r><m:r>e</m:r><m:r>l</m:r><m:r>u</m:r><m:r>r</m:r><m:r>u</m:r><m:r>h
</m:r><m:r>s</m:r><m:r>i</m:r><m:r>s</m:r><m:r>w</m:r><m:r>a</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
200%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><m:r>×100%</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:234pt;height:37.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="50" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="312" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Melakukan interpretasi terhadap jawaban
angket dengan cara membuat penafsiran sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 7 Skala Kategori
Jawaban Angket Siswa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Persentase Siswa Menjawab “Ya” </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kategori</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">0% <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak
Satupun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1%-30%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebagian Kecil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">31%-49%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hampir Separuhnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">50%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Separuhnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">51%-80%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebagian Besar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">81%-99%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hampir Seluruhnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.2pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.65pt;" valign="top" width="297">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">100%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 129.95pt;" valign="top" width="173">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seluruhnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 9.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -42.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Koentjaraningrat dalam Asih 1990)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Jadwal
Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; width: 536px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kegiatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="6" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 200.35pt;" valign="top" width="267">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bulan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Des<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peb<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apr<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mei<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Studi Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengajuan Proposal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbaikan Proposal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bimbingan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembuatan dan
Perbaikan Media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Implementasi
Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengolahan dan
Analisis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.45pt;" valign="top" width="231">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penulisan Laporan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level3 lfo44; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level3 lfo44; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level3 lfo44; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level3 lfo44; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level3 lfo44; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.35pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.65pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.15pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 30.8pt;" valign="top" width="41">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">√<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Arifin,
M. dkk.(2003). <i>Strategi Belajar Mengajar
Kimia</i>. Common Textbook (Edisi Revisi).Bandung: Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia
FPMIPA UPI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Asih. (2010).
<i>Pemanfaatan jejaring facebook dalam self
assessment online untuk menilai sikap ilmiah siswa pada hasil kerja praktikum
pencemaran air.</i> Skripsi UPI. Bandung : tidak diterbitkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Badan
Standar Nasional Pendidikan. (2006).<i> Panduan Penyusunan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan
Pendidikan</i>. Jakarta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Boud,
David. (1995). <i>Enhancing Learning Through
Self assessment.</i> London: Kogan Page<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bostock,
S.(2004). <i>Peer Assessment</i>. Tersedia: <a href="http://www.iml.uts.edu.au/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.iml.uts.edu.au</span></a> [28 November
2011].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Brady,
Laurie dan Kerry Kennedy. <i>Celebrating
Student Achievement: Assessment and Reporting. </i>Frenchs Forest: Pearson
Education Australia, 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chang,
Raymond. 2004. <i>KIMIA DASAR konsep konsep
inti</i>. Edisi ke tiga. Jakarta: Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dahar,
R. W. (1996). <i>Teori-teori Belajar. </i>Jakarta:
Erlangga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Firman,
H.(2000). Penilaian <i>Hasil Belajar dalam
Pengajaran Kimia</i>. Bandung: Jurusan Penididikan Kimia FPMIPA UPI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gage, N.L., & Berliner, D. 1979. <i>Educational Psychology</i>. Second Edition,
Chicago: Rand Mc. Nally<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hake,
R. R. 1998.<i>Interactive-Engagement Versus
Traditional Methods: A Sixthousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Tes Data for
Introductory PhysicsCourses</i>.Indiana: Indiana University, Bloomingtoon. [Online].
Tersedia:<a href="http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v66/i1/p64_s1?isAuthorized=no"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v66/i1/p64_s1?isAuthorized=no</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hermita,
Neni. 2008. <i>Pembelajaran IPA dengan model
inkuiri terbimbiing untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan keterampilan proses
sains siswa sekolah dasar</i>. Tesis magister pendidikan IPA konsentrasi IPA
SD. Sekolah lanjutan UPI Bandung. Tidak diterbitkan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Isaacs,
G. (1999) <i>Peer and Self assessment</i>.
[Online]. Tersedia: http://www.tedi.uq.edu.au (28 November 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karamustafaoğlu,
Sevilay.(2011<i>). Improving the Science
Process Skills Ability of Science Student Teachers Using I Diagrams</i>.
Tersedia : Eurasian Journal Of Physics and Chemistry Education. 3(1):26-38,
2011 (Tersedia : <a href="http://www.eurasianjournals.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.eurasianjournals.com</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Marzano,
Robert J., Debra Pickering dan Jay McTighe. <i>Assessing
Student Outcomes: Performance Assessment Using the Dimensions of Learning
Model.</i> Alexandria: ASCD (Association for Supervision and Curriculum
Development), 1993.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mei,
Grace, T. (2007). <i>Promoting Science
Process Skills and The Relenvance Of
Sccience Through Science Alive! Programme.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; tab-stops: right 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onder, Ismail. Geban, Omer. 2006. <i>The Effect of Conceptual Change Texts Oriented Instruction on Students'
Understanding of The Solubility
Equlibrium Concept.</i> Ankara : <i>Hacettepe Unversitesi Journal of Education</i>.
Vol. 30. 166-177. (Tersedia : http://www.efdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr. [14 Oktober
2011]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Orsmond,
P.(2004). <i>Self and Peer-Assessment:
Guidance on Practice in the Biosciences. </i> Tersedia: <a href="http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk</span></a>
[28 November 2011].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rotbain,
Y., <i>et.al.</i> 2006. <i>Effect of Bead and Illustrations Models on High School Students’’
Achievement in Molecular Genetics</i>. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING. 43(5) 500 – 529.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sudjana,
N. dan Ibrahim. (2004). <i>Penelitian dan Penilaian Pendidikan</i>. Bandung :
Sinar Baru Algensindo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spiller,
Dorothy. (2009). <i>Assessment
Matters:Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment.</i> The University of WAIKATO.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zulharman.(2007).
<i>Self dan Peer Assessment sebagai penilaian
formatif dan sumatif.</i> Tersedia:
http://zulharman79.wordpress.com [28 November 2011].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-88715918182815754912012-05-14T08:20:00.003-07:002012-05-14T08:20:40.624-07:00MAKALAH MINERAL SELENIUM<br />
<div class="Section1">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1TTyb6Sm4GY/T7EioY05jeI/AAAAAAAAACE/zZrLIJoweJU/s1600/images+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1TTyb6Sm4GY/T7EioY05jeI/AAAAAAAAACE/zZrLIJoweJU/s1600/images+%25285%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc309817030"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815832"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">KATA PENGANTAR</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Puji
syukur marilah kita panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan yang Maha Esa karena berkat rahmatnya kami dapat berhasil
menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul “Mineral Selenium”. Makalah ini disusun
untuk memenuhi tugas mata pelajaran Kimia Dasar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam makalah ini
dijelaskan tentang mineral selenium. Makalah ini terdiri dari III Bab. Bab I
berisi Pendahuluan, Bab II berisi Pembahasan, dan Bab III berisi kesimpulan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Denagn adanya makalah
ini diharapkan agar mahasiswa dapat mengetahui tentang mineral selenium.
Makalah ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan maka dari itu kritik dan saran sangat diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Somoga makalah ini
dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca dan masyarakat luas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 291.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">22 Nopember 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 291.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 291.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Penyusun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 150.9pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc309817031"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815833"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DAFTAR ISI</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTocHeading">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817030"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">KATA PENGANTAR</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817030 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">i</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817031"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DAFTAR ISI</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817031 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ii</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817032"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817032 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817033">1.1
Latar Belakang Masalah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817033 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817034">1.2
Rumusan Masalah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817034 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817035">1.3
Tujuan Penulisan<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817035 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817036"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB II
PEMBAHASAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> PAGEREF
_Toc309817036 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:
screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817037">2.1
Pengertian dari mineral selenium<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817037 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817038">2.2
Sumber Utama Selenium<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817038 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817039">2.3
Fungsi selenium:<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817039 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000330039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817040">2.4
Mineral Selenium Sebagai Pelawan Kanker<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817040 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000340030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817041"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB III PENUTUP</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817041 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000340031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817042">3.1
Kesimpulan<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817042 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000340032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817043">3.2
Saran<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817043 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000340033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/TUGAS-TUGAS%20KULIAH/B.INDO/makalah%20seleniun%20baru%201.doc#_Toc309817044"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc309817044 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">iii</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300300039003800310037003000340034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTocHeading">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="Section2">
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc309815834"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309817032"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB I <br />
PENDAHULUAN</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817033"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815835"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenium
adalah mineral penting yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh tubuh kita. Mineral ini
merupakan bagian penting dari enzim antioksidan yang akan melindungi sel tubuh
kita terhadap efek negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh radikal bebas. Selenium
bekerja sebagai kofaktor untuk enzim yang terlibat dalam oksidasi asam lemak
dan penghancuran asam amino.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tumbuhan merupakan sumber utama dari
selenium. Sayangnya, kadar selenium yang terdapat pada tumbuhan seringkali
berbeda-beda. Kadar dalam tumbuhan tergantung dari kadar Selenium dalam tanah
dimana mereka tumbuh. Akibatnya, defisiensi selenium <a href="" name="AdBriteInlineAd_bisa"><span style="color: #006600;">bisa</span></a> terjadi
pada mereka yang hidup di tanah yang sedikit mengandung selenium.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selain dari
tumbuhan, selenium bisa juga kita peroleh dari daging hewan termasuk makanan
laut. Selenium dalam makanan terdapat dalam bentuk seleno methionin dan
selenosistein.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817034"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815836"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">1.2 Rumusan Masalah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bardasarkan
latar belakangnya, rumusan masalahnya yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.Apa
pengertian dari mineral selenium?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.Apa
sumber utama dari selenium?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.Apa
saja fungsi dari selenium?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.Apakah
mineral selenium sebagai pelawan kanker?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817035"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815837"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">1.3 Tujuan Penulisan</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan
dari penulisan makalah ini adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.Mengetahui
pengertian dari mineral selenium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.Mengetahui
sumber utama dari selenium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.Mengetahui
fungsi dari selenium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.Mengetahiu
mineral selenium sebagai pelawan kanker<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc309817036"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815838"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB II <br />
PEMBAHASAN</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817037"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815839"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">2.1 Pengertian dari mineral
selenium</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kata Selenium berasal dari Yunani yaitu “selene” yang
memiliki arti “bulan”. Selenium diakui sebagai senyawa mikromineral yang
esensial untuk kesehatan manusia sejak tahun1990. Selenium memiliki peranan
penting dalam perlindungan membran sel dan sintesis suatu enzim antioksidan <i>glutathione
peroxidase </i>yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan pertahanan tubuh dari
pengurangan hidrogen peroksida. Beberapa selenoprotein yang sudah
teridentifikasi mempunyai hubungan dengan metabolisme hormon tiroid, testis,
sperma, dan metabolisme otot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenum juga
diketahui sebagai zat antioksidan yang membantu memelihara elstisitas jaringan.
Timah membantu melindungi membran sel, memastikan kebutuhan sel terhadap
oksigen tercukupi, mebantu pertumbuhan normal dan menjaga kesuburan, melindungi
dari pengaruh berbahaya seperti logam berat misalnya raksa, dan memperlancar
proses produksi prostaglandins.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenium adalah mineral penting yang
sangat dibutuhkan oleh tubuh kita. Mineral ini merupakan bagian penting dari
enzim antioksidan yang akan melindungi sel tubuh kita terhadap efek negatif
yang ditimbulkan oleh radikal bebas. Selenium bekerja sebagai kofaktor untuk
enzim yang terlibat dalam oksidasi asam lemak dan penghancuran asam amino.<br />
<br />
Tubuh mengembangkan kemampuan untuk melawan radikal bebas karena radikal bebas
akan menghancurkan sel dan mempunyai kontribusi terhadap perkembangan berbagai
penyakit kronik. Karena itu, selenium diduga mampu untuk menahan laju ketuaan
dan pengerasan jaringan akibat proses oksidasi.<br />
<br />
Selain untuk melawan radikal bebas, selenium juga berperan pada sistem imunitas
(kekebalan tubuh) dan fungsi kelenjar tiroid yang baik. Selain itu,
keterlibatan selenium untuk mencegah kanker (termasuk kanker kulit akibat
paparan matahari) menambah pamornya sebagai mineral yang berharga.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817038"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815840"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">2.2 Sumber Utama Selenium</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tumbuhan merupakan sumber utama dari selenium.
Sayangnya, kadar selenium yang terdapat pada tumbuhan seringkali berbeda-beda.
Kadar dalam tumbuhan tergantung dari kadar Selenium dalam tanah dimana mereka
tumbuh. Akibatnya, defisiensi selenium <span style="color: #006600;">bisa</span>
terjadi pada mereka yang hidup di tanah yang sedikit mengandung selenium.<br />
Selain dari tumbuhan, selenium bisa juga kita peroleh dari daging hewan
termasuk makanan laut. Selenium dalam makanan terdapat dalam bentuk seleno
methionin dan selenosistein.<br />
<br />
Asupan Selenium yang dianjurkan<br />
Pada <a href="" name="AdBriteInlineAd_orang">orang</a> dewasa, 55 mcg selenium per hari
sudah mencukupi kebutuhan harian. Tapi pada keadaan hamil, seorang wanita
dianjurkan meningkatkan asupan selenium menjadi 60 mcg. Kebutuhan ini lebih
meningkat lagi saat seorang ibu menyusui anaknya. Pada saat itu, kebutuhan yang
harus dipenuhi sebesar 70 mcg. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817039"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815841"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">2.3 Fungsi selenium:</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">melindungi
dari pengaruh berbahaya seperti logam berat misalnya raksa. ·
memproduksi zat antioksidan glutathione<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">membantu
pengaturan hormon pada pria<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pada
pria, mendukung fungsi kelenjar prostate<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">· bekerja
secara sinergis dengan vitamin E, dapat menjadi substansi pengganti fungsi
vitamin E saat tubuh kekurangan vitamin E. Dan begitupun sebaliknya<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memperkuat
fungsi kekebalan tubuh immune function<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenium juga diakui oleh banyak ilmuan sebagai nutrisi “anti-kanker”. Hal
ini mengacu pada fakta bahwa beberapa peneltian yang menemukan bahwa masyarakat
yang tinggal di daerah yang akan Selenium dalam tanah mereka mempunyai
kecendrungan yang kecil untuk terkena kanker.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kekurangan selenium dapat menyebabkan kulit kering, ketombe, katarak, lelah
otot, dan efisiensi penyerapan vitamin E dalam tubuh menjadi terganggu.
Sedangkan apabila kelebihan selenium dalam tubuh akan mengakibatkan rambut
& kuku rontok, peradangan kulit, mungkin terjadi kelainan saraf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada pria, selenium mempunyai fungsi mengurangi resiko terkena kanker
Prostat, sedangkan pada wanita, Selenium dapat mengurangi gejala
menopause, seperti kulit keriput, ketombe, dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sumber-sumber selenium, misalnya makanan laut, ginjal, hati, daging merah,
kacang-kacangan, buah, dan sayuran yang ditanam dalam tanah yang cukup kadar
Seleniumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kadar selenium yang dianjurkan untuk dikonsumsi oleh manusia
berdasarkan penelitian di Amerika Utara disajikan dalam tabel berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100.0%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anak-anak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">20 mcg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pria (11-18)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">50 mcg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pria
(dewasa)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">70 mcg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wanita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">55 mcg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wanita
hamil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">65 mcg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wanita
menyusui (1st 6 mos.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">75 mcg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%;">
Fungsi Selenium bagi Tubuh<br />
Selenium merupakan salah
satu mineral yang tergolong pada tarce mineral, karena keberadaannya dalam
tubuh sangat sedikit, tetapi mineral ini terdapat dimana-mana di seluruh
jaringan tubuh seperti tulang, otot, dan darah. Selenium merupakan mineral
penting yang diperlukan oleh tubuh. Selenium berfungsi sebagai antioksidan yang
meredam aktivitas radikal bebas.Radikal bebas merupakan atom atau molekul yang
sifatnya sangat tidak stabil, memiliki satu electron atau lebih yang tidak
berpasangan, sehingga untuk memperoleh pasangan electron senyawa ini sangat
reaktif dan merusak jaringan tubuh sehingga timbul berbagai jenis penyakit
degeneratif, seperti penyakit jantung, rematik, katarak, kanker, dan lain-lain.
Radikal bebas secara terus menerus terbentuk melaui proses dari dalam tubuh
seperti peristiwa metabolisme sel normal, peradangan, kekurangan gizi dan juga
dari luar tubuh seperti polusi lingkungan, sinar matahari, asap rokok, dan
sebagainya. Oleh sebab itu, untuk melindungi tubuh dari dampak negative
serangan radikal bebas tubuh memerlukan antioksidan. Mineral selenium merupakan
mineral yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan dalam tubuh. Selenium tidak
diproduksi oleh tubuh, tetapi diperoleh dari konsumsi makanan sehari-hari, yang
terdapat dalam ikan, padi-padian, daging, dan sayur yaitu brokoli. Jadi, fungsi
selenium sangat penting bagi tubuh, antara lain:<br />
• Penangkal radikal bebas, tubuh secara alami memiliki kemampuan untuk
melawan radikal bebas yang merusak sel dan menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Di
dalam tubuh selenium bekerja sama dengan vitamin E sehingga berfungsi sebagai
antioksidan yang memperlambat oksidasi asam lemak tak jenuh.<br />
• Meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh, karena selenium bekerja memperbaiki system
imunitas ( kekebalan tubuh ) dan fungsi kelenjar tiroid. Dari hasil penelitian
selenium dapat mencegah kanker seperti kanker paru-paru, prostat, colorectal
termasuk kanker kulit akibat paparan sinar matahari. Jadi selenium bermanfaat
sekali untuk meningkatkan fungsi kekebalan tubuh.<br />
• Mempertahankan elastisitas bersama vitamin E, selenium berfungsi
mempertahankan elastisitas jaringan karena itu bila kadar selenium berkurang
maka tubuh akan mengalami penuaan dini yaitu sel yang rusak sebelum waktunya.
Mengingat fungsi selenium bagi tubuh, maka dianjurkan mengkonsumsi 55 mikrogram
selenium setiap hari. Untuk memaksimalkan fungsi selenium bagi tubuh saat ini
tersedia suplemen antioksidan yang mengandung perpaduan selenium dengan vitamin
E yang bekerja sinergis sehingga dapat bekerja lebih efektif ditambah dengan
kandungan betacaroten, vitamin C dan zinc gluconate dapat memberikan
perlindungan total bagi kesehatan anda. </div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817040"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815842"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">2.4 Mineral Selenium Sebagai
Pelawan Kanker</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenium merupakan salah satu senjata yang paling
menjanjikan dalam rencana peperangan nutrional terhadap kanker.<br />
Selenium telah menunjukkan diri sebagai salah satu dari agen-agen antikanker
yang lebih kuat. Apabila ia digabungkan dengan vitamin E, efektivitas keduanya
terhadap kanker akan sangat meningkat. Mereka bersama-sama bekerja sebagai
antikanker yang kuat, sistem antipenuaan yang disebut glutation peroksidase
(GSH). Kombinasi ini membentuk satu antioksidan yang poten, dan karenanya,
pemakan radikal bebas ini melindungi membran-membran sel dari serangan radikal
bebas. GSH oleh beberapa orang dilukiskan menyerupai miniatur kekuatan polisi
yang mencari dan menghancurkan sel-sel pemberontak dan radikal-radikal bebas
dalam tubuh. Tidak usah ditanyakan lagi bahwa mereka merupakan senjata penting
bagi tubuh untuk mencegah kanker. Jumlah vitamin E dalam diet seseorang
mempengaruhi kadar GSH di dalam tubuh.<br />
<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sejumlah kemampuan murni lainnya yang ditunjukkan oleh
selenium:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenium
meningkatkan efisiensi sehingga DNA dapat memperbaiki dirinya sendiri. Pada
kadar tinggi selenium bersifat langsung sebagai racun terhadap sel-sel kanker.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Selenium menghambat pertumbuhan tumor dalam
jaringan payudara manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenium
dapat mendeaktivasi toksisitas radiasi di dalam tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Selenium bekerja membersihkan darah dari efek
kemoterapi dan malfungsi liver.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selenium
merupakan stimulan yang poten bagi sistem kekebalan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 23.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selenium
adalah mineral ajaib yang terdapat dalam sedimen tanah.(tanah di Cheyenne,AS,
mengandung selenium dalam kadar tinggi dibandingkan di Muncee,Indiana.Angka
kematian akibat kanker di Cheyenne 25% lebih rendah dibandingkan di Muncee.)
Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akibat kurang selenium,terjadi peningkatan kasus kanker
prostat,pankreas,payudara,indung telur,kulit,paru-paru,kolorektal dan kandung
kemih,juga leukimia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jadi anda
lihat betapa pentingnya mineral ini bagi pejuang kanker. Para ilmuwan telah
memperhatikan adanya hubungan langsung antara insiden kanker dan kadar selenium
di dalam tanah di berbagai negara yang berbeda. Bilamana kadarnya lebih rendah,
insiden kanker pada populasi tersebut meningkat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc309817041"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815843"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB III <br />
PENUTUP</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817042"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815844"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">3.1 Kesimpulan</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1TTyb6Sm4GY/T7EioY05jeI/AAAAAAAAACE/zZrLIJoweJU/s1600/images+(5).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1TTyb6Sm4GY/T7EioY05jeI/AAAAAAAAACE/zZrLIJoweJU/s1600/images+(5).jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Walaupun mikromineral hanya
dibutuhkan tubuh dalam jumlah yang sangat sedikit, namun keberadaannya dalam
tubuh kita memiliki peranan yang penting. Defisiensi mikromineral dapat
mengganggu kesehatan tubuh. Begitu juga sebaliknya, apabila pemenuhan kebutuhan
mikromineral berlebihan maka akan mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan tubuh manusia.
Oleh karena itu, kita harus memenuhi kebutuhan harian akan mikromineral secara
seimbang untuk mendapatkan kesehatan yang optimal.</div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc309817043"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815845"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">3.2 Saran</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Walaupun mikromineral hanya
dibutuhkan tubuh dalam jumlah yang sangat sedikit, namun keberadaannya dalam tubuh
kita memiliki peranan yang penting. Oleh karena itulah, sebaiknya
informasi-informasi tentang urgensi mikromineral ini sering dipublikasikan
kepada masyarakat. Dan sebagai tindak lanjut, sebaiknya dalam menyusun menu
makanan, kita perlu mempertimbangkan keberadaan dan fungsi mikromineral ini
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keluasan wawasan dan
pengetahuan tentang mikromineral sebaknya ditambah. Semga dengan meningkatkan
aktifitas penelitian dalam sekor ini, kita bisa memberikan solusi atas kurang
berkualitasnya sumber daya manusia Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc309817044"></a><a href="" name="_Toc309815846"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Gaman, P.M. , K.B. Sherrington.1994. <em>Ilmu Pangan: Pengantar Ilmu Pangan
Nutrisi dan Mikrobiologi edisi kedua</em>. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University
Press.<br />
Suhardjo, Clara M. Kusharto.1999. <em>Prinsip-prinsip Ilmu Gizi</em>.
Yogyakarta : Kanisius<br />
Willie Japaries, Rachmad.1988. <em>Elemen Renik dan Pengaruhnya terhadap
Kesehatan</em>. Jakarta: ECG<br />
<a href="http://www.google.com/">www.google.com</a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.oocities.org/melawankanker/melawankanker/mineral.html<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">iinparlina.wordpress.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-84604566446072046652012-05-14T07:45:00.002-07:002012-05-14T07:45:58.735-07:00makalah kimia- alkohol<br />
<div class="Section1">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9-iL880fAxE/T7EaeW1FliI/AAAAAAAAABo/h8-mjuVaVQo/s1600/images+(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9-iL880fAxE/T7EaeW1FliI/AAAAAAAAABo/h8-mjuVaVQo/s1600/images+(4).jpg" /></a></div>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518862"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495436"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 76.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Puji dan syukur kita panjatkan kepada Allah SWT.
Salawat dan salam kita kirimkan kepada junjungan kita, Nabi Muhammad saw.,
karena atas hidayah-Nyalah makalah ini dapat diselesaikan. Makalah ini penulis
sampaikan kepada dosen mata kuliah Kimia Dasar. Tidak lupa penulis ucapkan
terima kasih kepada Bapak/Ibu yang telah berjasa mencurahkan ilmu kepada
penulis yaitu mengajar Kimia Dasar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas tentang alkohol dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari. Khususnya pada makalah ini akan dijelaskan tentang
bagaimana kadar alkohol pada fermentasi tape.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Penulis memohon kepada Ibu dosen khususnya,
umumnya para pembaca apabila menemukan kesalahan atau kekurangan dalam karya
tulis ini, baik dari segi bahasanya maupun isinya, penulis mengharapkan kritik
dan saran yang bersifat membangun kepada semua pembaca demi lebih baiknya
karya-karya tulis yang akan mendatang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Bandung,
Desember 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 276.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 276.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518863"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495437"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DAFTAR ISI</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoTocHeading">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518862">KATA
PENGANTAR<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518862 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">i</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360032000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518863">DAFTAR
ISI<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518863 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ii</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518864"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518864 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518865">A.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Latar
Belakang Masalah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518865 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518866">B.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Rumusan
Masalah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518866 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518867">C.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Tujuan
Masalah<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518867 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518868">D.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Metode
Penulisan<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518868 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518869">BAB II
PEMBAHASAN<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> PAGEREF
_Toc311518869 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:
screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800360039000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518870">A.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Pengertian
Alkohol<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518870 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370030000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518871">B.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Sejarah
dari Alkohol<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518871 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370031000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518873">C.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Fermentasi alkohol<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518873 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370033000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518874">D.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Kandungan
Alkohol Dalam Tape<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518874 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370034000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518875">BAB III PENUTUP<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518875 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">9</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370035000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518876">A.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Kesimpulan<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518876 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">9</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370036000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518877">B.<span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span>Saran<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518877 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">10</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370037000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/makalah%20kimia/MAKALAH%20KIMIA%20BENAR%20%20a.doc#_Toc311518878">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'> PAGEREF _Toc311518878 \h </span><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003300310031003500310038003800370038000000</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518864"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495438"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB
I <br />
PENDAHULUAN</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518865"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495439"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Latar Belakang
Masalah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tape merupakan makanan fermentasi
tradisional yang sudah tidak asing lagi. Tape dibuat dari beras, beras ketan,
atau dari singkong (ketela pohon). Berbeda dengan makanan-makanan fermentasi
lain yang hanya melibatkan satu mikroorganisme yang berperan utama, seperti
tempe atau minuman alkohol, pembuatan tape melibatkan banyak mikroorganisme.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikroorganisme dari kelompok kapang akan
menghasilkan enzim-enzim amilolitik yang akan memecahkan amilum pada bahan
dasar menjadi gula-gula yang lebih sederhana (disakarida dan monosakarida).
Proses tersebut sering dinamakan sakarifikasi (saccharification). Kemudian
khamir akan merubah sebagian gula-gula sederhana tersebut menjadi alkohol.
Inilah yang menyebabkan aroma alkoholis pada tape. Semakin lama tape tersebut
dibuat, semakin kuat alkoholnya. Pada beberapa daerah, seperti Bali dan
Sumatera Utara, cairan yang terbentuk dari pembuatan tape tersebut diambil dan
diminum sebagai minuman beralkohol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fermentasi alkohol ini merupakan suatu reaksi
pengubahan glukosa menjadi etanol (etil alkohol) dan karbondioksida. Organisme
yang berperan yaitu Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ragi) untuk pembuatan tape, roti
atau minuman keras.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maka dari itu, untuk menunjang pemahaman
mahasiswa tentang kadar alkohol yang terdapat dalam tape penulis menyusun
makalah yang berjudul <i>”Kadar Alkohol
Dalam Tape”</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518866"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495440"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Rumusan Masalah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apa pengertian
dari Alkohol?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bagaimana
sejarah dari alkohol?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bagaimana
fermentasi alkohol pada tape?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bagaimana
kandungan alkohol dalam tape?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518867"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495441"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Tujuan Masalah</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui pengertian dari Alkohol<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui sejarah dari alkohol<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui fermentasi alkohol pada tape<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui kandungan alkohol dalam tape<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518868"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495442"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Metode Penulisan</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
penulisan makalah ini digunakan metode <i>library
resea</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">r</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ch</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Metode<i> library
research </i>adalah suatu metode pengumpulan data-data dari berbagai pustaka.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518869"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495443"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB II <br />
PEMBAHASAN</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2 style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518870"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495444"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengertian
Alkohol</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Etanol, disebut juga etil alkohol, alkohol<b> </b>murni, alkohol
absolut, atau <i>alkohol</i> saja, adalah sejenis cairan yang mudah
menguap, mudah terbakar, tak berwarna, dan merupakan alkohol yang paling sering
digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Senyawa ini merupakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obat_psikoaktif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Obat psikoaktif (halaman belum tersedia)">obat psikoaktif</a> dan dapat
ditemukan pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol">minuman beralkohol</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometer</a>
modern. Etanol adalah salah satu obat rekreasi yang paling tua. Etanol termasuk
ke dalam alkohol rantai tunggal, dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">rumus kimia</a>
C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumus_empiris" title="Rumus empiris">rumus
empiris</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a><sub>2</sub><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><sub>6</sub><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a>. Ia merupakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomer" title="Isomer">isomer</a>
konstitusional dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimetil_eter&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dimetil eter (halaman belum tersedia)">dimetil eter</a>. Etanol sering
disingkat menjadi EtOH, dengan
"Et" merupakan singkatan dari gugus etil (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>).
A<span lang="SV">lkohol juga memacu tumbuhnya
bakteri pengoksidasi alkohol yaitu yang mengubah alkohol menjadi asam asetat
dan menyebakan rasa masam pada tape yang dihasilkan.</span><span lang="SV"> </span></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518871"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495445"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Sejarah dari Alkohol</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Etanol telah digunakan manusia sejak zaman prasejarah sebagai bahan
pemabuk dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol">minuman beralkohol</a>. Residu yang ditemukan pada
peninggalan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik">keramik</a>
yang berumur 9000 tahun dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a> bagian utara menunjukkan bahwa minuman beralkohol telah
digunakan oleh manusia <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasejarah" title="Prasejarah">prasejarah</a> dari masa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolitik" title="Neolitik">Neolitik</a>.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; tab-stops: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.95pt;">
Etanol dan alkohol membentuk larutan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azeotrop&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Azeotrop (halaman belum tersedia)">azeotrop</a>. Karena itu pemurnian
etanol yang mengandung air dengan cara penyulingan biasa hanya mampu
menghasilkan etanol dengan kemurnian 96%. Etanol murni (absolut) dihasilkan
pertama kali pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>
oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan_Tobias_Lowitz&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Johan Tobias Lowitz (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan Tobias Lowitz</a>
yaitu dengan cara menyaring alkohol hasil distilasi melalui <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arang_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Arang kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">arang</a>.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; tab-stops: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a> menggambarkan bahwa etanol adalah
senyawa yang terbentuk dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>. Pada tahun 1808 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas-Th%C3%A9odore_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (halaman belum tersedia)">Saussure</a>
berhasil menentukan rumus kimia etanol. Lima puluh tahun kemudian (1858), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Scott_Couper&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Archibald Scott Couper (halaman belum tersedia)">Couper</a>
mempublikasikan rumus kimia etanol. Dengan demikian etanol adalah salah satu
senyawa kimia yang pertama kali ditemukan rumus kimianya. Etanol pertama kali
dibuat secara sintetik pada tahun 1826 secara terpisah oleh Henry Hennel dari
Britania Raya dan S.G. Sérullas dari Perancis. Pada tahun 1828, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael
Faraday</a> berhasil membuat etanol dari hidrasi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilena" title="Etilena">etilena</a> yang
dikatalisis oleh asam. Proses ini mirip dengan proses sintesis etanol industri
modern. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; tab-stops: 63.8pt 4.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Etanol telah digunakan sebagai bahan bakar lampu
di Amerika Serikat sejak tahun 1840, namun pajak yang dikenakan pada alkohol
industri semasa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Amerika" title="Perang Saudara Amerika">Perang Saudara Amerika</a> membuat penggunaannya
tidak ekonomis. Pajak ini dihapuskan pada tahun 1906 dan sejak tahun 1908
otomobil <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a> telah dapat dijalankan menggunakan
etanol. Namun, dengan adanya pelarangan minuman beralkohol pada tahun 1920,
para penjual bahan bakar etanol dituduh berkomplot dengan penghasil minuman
alkohol ilegal, dan bahan bakar etanol kemudian ditinggalkan penggunaannya
sampai dengan akhir abad ke-20.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Etanol adalah cairan tak berwarna yang mudah menguap
dengan aroma yang khas. Ia terbakar tanpa asap dengan lidah api berwarna biru
yang kadang-kadang tidak dapat terlihat pada cahaya biasa.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Sifat-sifat fisika etanol utamanya dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan gugus <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroksil" title="Hidroksil">hidroksil</a> dan
pendeknya rantai karbon etanol. Gugus <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroksil" title="Hidroksil">hidroksil</a>
dapat berpartisipasi ke dalam ikatan hidrogen, sehingga membuatnya cair dan
lebih sulit menguap dari pada senyawa organik lainnya dengan massa molekul yang
sama.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Etanol adalah pelarut yang serbaguna, larut dalam air dan pelarut organik
lainnya, meliputi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_asetat" title="Asam asetat">asam asetat</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseton" title="Aseton">aseton</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzena" title="Benzena">benzena</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_tetraklorida" title="Karbon tetraklorida">karbon tetraklorida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloroform" title="Kloroform">kloroform</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietil_eter" title="Dietil eter">dietil eter</a>,
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etilena_glikol&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Etilena glikol (halaman belum tersedia)">etilena glikol</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliserol" title="Gliserol">gliserol</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrometana&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nitrometana (halaman belum tersedia)">nitrometana</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piridina" title="Piridina">piridina</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluena" title="Toluena">toluena</a>. Ia juga
larut dalam hidrokarbon alifatik yang ringan, seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentana" title="Pentana">pentana</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heksana" title="Heksana">heksana</a>, dan juga
larut dalam senyawa klorida alifatik seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1,1,1-trikloroetana&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1,1,1-trikloroetana (halaman belum tersedia)">trikloroetana</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrakloroetilena" title="Tetrakloroetilena">tetrakloroetilena</a>.
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Campuran etanol-air memiliki volume yang lebih kecil daripada jumlah
kedua cairan tersebut secara terpisah. Campuran etanal dan air dengan volume
yang sama akan menghasilkan campuran yang volumenya hanya 1,92 kali jumlah
volume awal. Pencampuran etanol dan air bersifat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermik" title="Eksotermik">eksotermik</a>
dengan energi sekitar 777 J/mol dibebaskan pada 298 K<sup>. </sup>Campuran
etanol dan air akan membentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azeotrop&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Azeotrop (halaman belum tersedia)">azeotrop</a> dengan perbandingkan
kira-kira 89 mol% etanol dan 11 mol% air. Perbandingan ini juga dapat
dinyatakan sebagai 96% volume etanol dan 4% volume air pada tekanan normal dan
T = 351 K. Komposisi azeotropik ini sangat tergantung pada suhu dan tekanan. Ia
akan menghilang pada temperatur di bawah 303 K.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Ikatan hidrogen menyebabkan etanol murni sangat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higroskopis" title="Higroskopis">higroskopis</a>,
sedemikiannya ia akan menyerap air dari udara. Sifat gugus hidroksil yang polar
menyebabkannya dapat larut dalam banyak senyawa ion, utamanya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">natrium hidroksida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalium_hidroksida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalium hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium hidroksida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnesium_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Magnesium klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">magnesium klorida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalsium klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">kalsium klorida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amonium_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Amonium klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">amonium klorida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amonium_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Amonium bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">amonium bromida</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natrium_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Natrium bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">natrium bromida</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">Natrium
klorida</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalium_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalium klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium klorida</a> sedikit
larut dalam etanol. Oleh karena etanol juga memiliki rantai karbon nonpolar, ia
juga larut dalam senyawa nonpolar, meliput kebanyakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_atsiri" title="Minyak atsiri">minyak
atsiri</a> dan banyak perasa, pewarna, dan obat.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Penambahan beberapa persen etanol dalam air akan menurunkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegangan_permukaan" title="Tegangan permukaan">tegangan permukaan</a> air secara drastis. Campuran
etanol dengan air yang lebih dari 50% etanol bersifat mudah terbakar dan mudah
menyala. Campuran yang kurang dari 50% etanol juga dapat menyala apabila
larutan tersebut dipanaskan terlebih dahulu.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518872"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495446"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sifat-sifat kimia : </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Etanol termasuk dalam alkohol primer, yang berarti
bahwa karbon yang berikatan dengan gugus hidroksil paling tidak memiliki dua
hidrogen atom yang terikat dengannya juga. Reaksi kimia yang dijalankan oleh
etanol kebanyakan berkutat pada gugus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroksil" title="Hidroksil"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hidroksilnya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518873"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495447"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Fermentasi alkohol</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fermentasi
alkohol merupakan suatu reaksi pengubahan glukosa menjadi etanol (etil alkohol)
dan karbondioksida. Organisme yang berperan yaitu Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(ragi) untuk pembuatan tape, roti atau minuman keras. Reaksi Kimia:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">C6H12O6 →
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ragi</span></a> dikenal sebagai bahan yang umum digunakan dalam
fermentasi untuk menghasilkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">etanol</span></a> dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir" title="Bir"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bir</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggur_%28minuman%29" title="Anggur (minuman)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">anggur</span></a> dan minuman beralkohol lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Etanol untuk
kegunaan konsumsi manusia (seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">minuman beralkohol</span></a>) dan kegunaan bahan bakar
diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi. Spesies <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ragi</span></a> tertentu (misalnya <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</span></a></i>) mencerna <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">gula</span></a> dan menghasilkan
etanol dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">karbon dioksida</span></a>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span></a>
→ 2 CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + 2 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">CO<sub>2</sub></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses
membiakkan ragi untuk mendapatkan alkohol disebut sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">fermentasi</span></a>.
Konsentrasi etanol yang tinggi akan beracun bagi ragi. Pada jenis ragi yang
paling toleran terhadap etanol, ragi tersebut hanya dapat bertahan pada
lingkungan 15% etanol berdasarkan volume. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span class="messagebody"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tape adalah produk fermentasi yang berbentuk pasta
atau kompak tergantung dari jenis bahan bakunya. Tape dibuat dengan menggunakan
starter yang berisi campuran mikroba. Produk ini mempunyai cita rasa dan aroma
yang khas, yaitu gabungan antara rasa manis, sedikit asam, dan cita rasa
alkohol. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam fermentasi alkhohol (fermentasi
yang menghasilkan alkohol) yeast menguraikan senyawa dalam singkong untuk
memperoleh energi. Kelemahan fermentasi dibandingkan respirasi biasa adalah
energi yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit. Selain itu akan menghasilkan zat yang
membahayakan bagi yeast itu sendiri yaitu menghasilkan hasil sampingan(selain
energi) berupa etanol. Jika konsentrasi etanol dalam tape telah mencapai 13%
maka yeast akan mati. Jadi alkhohol (etanol) merupakan hasil sampingan pada
proses fermentasi alkohol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518874"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495448"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Kandungan Alkohol
Dalam Tape</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Pembuatan tape ketan dilakukan di lab mengikuti cara tradisional, tapi
terkontrol dimana 200 gram beras ketan dicuci, direndam selama 2 jam, dikukus
10 menit. Beras ketan lalu dibasahi dengan air dengan cara merendamnya sebentar
dalam air, dikukus lagi 10 menit, didinginkan, lalu diinokulasi (ditaburi)
dengan 2 g starter (ragi tape merek Tebu dan NKL), dimasukkan kedalam cawan
petri steril, lalu difermentasi pada suhu 30 derajat Celsius selama 60 jam.
Berikut adalah kadar etanol yang diperoleh berdasarkan pengukuran dengan
menggunakan kit yang diperoleh dari Boehringer Mannheim: kadar etanol (%) pada
0 jam fermentasi tidak terdeteksi, setelah 5 jam fermentasi kadar alkoholnya
0.165%, setelah 15 jam 0.391%, setelah 24 jam 1.762%, setelah 36 jam 2.754%,
setelah 48 jam 2.707% dan setelah 60 jam 3.380%. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa
setelah fermentasi 1 hari saja kadar alkohol tape telah mencapai 1.76%,
sedangkan setelah 2.5 hari (60 jam) kadarnya menjadi 3.3%, bisa dibayangkan
jika dibiarkan terus beberapa hari, bisa mencapai berapa %? (memang tidak akan
naik terus secara linear, akan mencapai kadar maksimum pada suatu saat).
Padahal, komisi fatwa MUI telah berijtihad dan menetapkan bahwa minuman keras
(khamar) adalah minuman yang mengandung alkohol 1% atau lebih, sedangkan tape
ketan yang dibuat dengan fermentasi 1 hari saja kadar alkoholnya telah lebih
dari 1%. Jika batas kadar alkohol yang diterapkan pada minuman ini diterapkan
pada tape maka jelas tape ketan tidak boleh dimakan karena kadar alkoholnya
lebih dari 1%. Tentu saja nanti akan ada yang mempertanyakan, bukankah tape itu
makanan padat sedangkan minuman keras itu suatu cairan sehingga tidak sama
antara makanan padat dan minuman. Pertanyaan ini sah sah saja, akan tetapi jika
digabungkan antara kaidah kaidah yang berlaku pada khamar terhadap tape dan
fakta kadar alkohol tape ketan maka tetap saja tape ketan ini rawan dari segi
kehalalannya. Walaupun demikian, perlu diketahui bahwa belum ada fatwa mengenai
tape ini. Oleh karena itu pilihan ada di tangan masing-masing, mana pendapat
yang akan diikuti. Apabila ingin menjaga dari hal-hal yang meragukan maka
menghindari makanan yang meragukan (syubhat) adalah yang utama. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jadi, yang dipermasalahkan disini
khususnya adalah tape ketan, kalau peuyeum Bandung insya Allah tidak bermasalah
karena selalu keras. Tape singkong (peuyeum) akan lebih banyak kandungan
alkoholnya bila dibuat dengan cara ditumpuk, dengan cara ini kondisi lebih
bersifat anaerobik; jadi sesuai dengan fenomena "Pasteur Effect" maka
produksi alkohol menjadi lebih banyak. Bila dibuat dengan cara digantung
seperti yang terjadi pada peuyeum Bandung, maka cenderung lebih manis, karena
lebih aerobik. Pada kondisi yang lebih aerobik ini, yeast (ragi) cenderung
lebih banyak menghasilkan amilase dan atau amiloglukosidase, dua enzim yang
bertanggung jawab dalam penguraian karbohidrat menjadi glukosa dan atau
maltosa. Oleh sebab itu relatif lebih aman membeli tape gantung atau peuyeum
Bandung. Akan tetapi, untuk jenis tape singkong lainnya ya perlu hati-hati,
khususnya kalau sudah berair, itu sudah meragukan karena mungkin sudah
mengandung alkohol yang relatif tinggi. Menghindari tape singkong yang sudah
berair adalah yang sebaiknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fermentasi Tape yang baik dilakukan pada suhu 28-30<sup>0</sup> C dan membutuhkan
waktu 48 jam. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fermentasi tape paling baik dilakukan pada kondisi mikroanaerob. Pada
kondisi anaerob, kapang tidak mampu tumbuh sehingga tidak dapat menghidrolisis
pati. Namun pada kondisi aerob yang merupakan kondisi paling baik bagi kapang
dan khamir, aroma tidak berkembang baik karena pada kondisi ini fermentasi
alkohol menurun (Hidayat, dkk., 2002). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tape diolah secara fermentasi dengan penambahan ragi kurang dari 1% atau 10
gram/kg bahan. proses utama pada fermentasi adalah pemecahan pati menjadi gula
sederhana yang menimbulkan rasa dan membentuk cairan dimana konversi pati
menjadi gula sederhana dilakukan oleh kapang dan fermentasi antara asam dan
alkohol dilakukan oleh khamir. Proses esterifikasi pada fermentasi antara asam
dan alkohol menghasilkan ester yang membentuk citarasa yang khas pada produk
hasil fermentasi (Fardiaz, 1996). Lebih lanjut proses utama fermentasi tape
terbagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu, tahap pertama yang merupakan proses pemecahan
pati menjadi gula sederhana, yang menimbulkan rasa manis dan membentuk cairan,
dimana konversi pati menjadi gula sederhana dilakukan oleh kapang melalui enzim
amilase. Pembentukan gula-gula reduksi (monosakarida) meningkat setelah
fermentasi hari kedua dan ketiga karena kapang telah mengalami perubahan
logaritmik. Selama 24 jam fermentasi pertama blum terjadi perubahan gula
reduksi karena mikroba amilolotik berada pada masa adaptasi (Rahman, 1992).
Tahap berikutnya, fermentasi sebagian gula menjadi alkohol, asam organik, dan
senyawa cita rasa. konversi pati menjadi alkohol dilakukan oleh khamir
(Fardiaz, 1996). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Khamir sejak dulu berperan dalam fermentasi yang
bersifat alkoholik dimana produk utama dari metabolismenya adalah etanol.
Etanol dapat memberikan sumbangan terhadap flavour secara keseluruhan pada
produk fermentasi, sehingga harus dipertimbangkan sebagai suatu komponen yang
penting (Gilliand, 1985). Produk lain yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi
tape berupa cairan tape yang dapat dikonsumsi sebagai minuman dan memiliki rasa
yang manis. Kadar alkohol dalam air tape sendiri relatif cukup rendah bila
dibandingkan dengan kadar alkohol dalam minuman keras. Selain itu sari tape
juga dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan produk fermentasi lain seperti makanan
tradisional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518875"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495449"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB III<br />
PENUTUP</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2 style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518876"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495450"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesimpulan</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Etanol</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
disebut juga etil alkohol, alkohol<b> </b>murni, alkohol absolut, atau <i>alkohol</i>
saja, adalah sejenis cairan yang mudah menguap, mudah terbakar, tak berwarna. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam sejarahnya etanol telah digunakan
manusia sejak zaman prasejarah sebagai bahan pemabuk dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol">minuman beralkohol</a>.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Minuman.
Dalam alkohol terdapat sifat-sifat fisik dan sifat-sifat kimia. Etanol telah digunakan sebagai bahan bakar
lampu di Amerika Serikat sejak tahun 1840</span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fermentasi
alkohol merupakan suatu reaksi pengubahan glukosa menjadi etanol (etil alkohol)
dan karbondioksida. Organisme yang berperan yaitu Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(ragi) untuk pembuatan tape, roti atau minuman keras. Reaksi Kimia:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">C6H12O6 →
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ragi</span></a> dikenal sebagai bahan
yang umum digunakan dalam fermentasi untuk menghasilkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">etanol</span></a> dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir" title="Bir"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bir</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggur_%28minuman%29" title="Anggur (minuman)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">anggur</span></a> dan minuman beralkohol lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kandungan
alkohol dalam tape dapat ditentukan dengan mengetahui terlebih dahulu berapa banyaknya massa pada bahan yang akan
di buat tape, suhu dan waktu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fermentasi
Tape yang baik dilakukan pada suhu 28-30<sup>0</sup> C dan membutuhkan waktu 48
jam. Fermentasi tape paling baik dilakukan pada kondisi mikroanaerob. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311518877"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311495451"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Saran</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebaiknya
para pemuda dibekali ilmu pengetahuan yang cukup supaya cepat diterapkan dalam
setiap langkah kehidupannya masing-masing, seperti pengkajian kandungan alkohol
yang dalam fermentasi tape. Selain itu Kita harus mengetahui fermentasi yang
berhubungan dengan materi gugus fungsi contohnya seperti alkohol, dipahami dengan
baik sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat kita rasakan dengan sendirinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 16.0pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc311495452"></a><a href="" name="_Toc311518878"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080320190745AAjhmzb">http://id.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080320190745AAjhmzb</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/engineering/2172353-fermentasi-tape/#ixzz1gHOXVZjG"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/engineering/2172353-fermentasi-tape/#ixzz1gHOXVZjG</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Couper, A.S.
(1858). "On a new chemical theory." <i>Philosophical magazine</i> 16, 104–116. <a href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/couper/couper.html"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Online
reprint</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="file:///H:/Semester%201/Tapai%20wikipedia.htm">file:///D:/Tapai%20wikipedia.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-74682009459426393102012-05-12T10:12:00.001-07:002012-05-12T10:12:15.955-07:00MAKALAH HOMOSEKSUAL DARI PANDANGAN ISLAM, HAM (Hak Azasi Manusia), KESEHATAN DAN KEJIWAAN<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">MAKALAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">HOMOSEKSUAL DARI PANDANGAN ISLAM, <i>HAM</i> (Hak Azasi Manusia), KESEHATAN DAN
KEJIWAAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US">Di
ajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Seminar </span>PKN <span lang="EN-US">di Prodi Pendidikan
Kimia semester </span>1<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="311357_267448219946657_100000444437783_1014140_912178749_n.jpg" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:111.65pt;margin-top:19.75pt;width:205.5pt;
height:174.4pt;z-index:-1;visibility:visible'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title="311357_267448219946657_100000444437783_1014140_912178749_n"
cropbottom="9830f"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 233px; left: 0px; margin-left: 149px; margin-top: 26px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 274px; z-index: -1;"><img alt="311357_267448219946657_100000444437783_1014140_912178749_n.jpg" height="233" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="274" /></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Disusun oleh :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Lina Khoerunisa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1211208047<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANDUNG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2011 M/1433 H</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">
<br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1.1.
Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Topik yang diangkat pada pembahasan
makalah sederhana ini sudah menjadi permasalahan yang melekat pada diri manusia
sejak awal penciptaannya. Dimulai pada penciptaan Nabi Adam as yang disusul
oleh kehadiran Siti Hawa. Ketika pertama kali tercipta, hal mendasar yang
mereka lakukan adalah mencari dedaunan untuk menutupu aurat mereka masing –
masing. Sehingga memperkecil kemungkinan untuk terjadi perzinahan, walaupun
tujuan utama mereka melakukan itu adalah guna menutupi kemaluan atau aurat
mereka. Akan tetapi, esensi dari penutupan aurat tersebut adalah menghindari
terjadinya nafsu seksual yang dilarang oleh Allah SWT. Hal tersebut membuktikan
bahwa secara naluriah atau kodrati, manusia memiliki rasa etika dan estetika
dalam menyikapi anugerah yang telah diberikan Allah SWT dalam wujud nafsu
birahi maupun bentuk fisik anatomi tubuh manusia itu sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Namun demikian, yang terjadi pada
dasawarsa dan masa moderen terakhir di Indonesia maupun dunia internasional
dalam menyikapi nafsu seksual tersebut berbalik 180<sup>0</sup> dari peristiwa
empiris pada Nabi Adam as dan Siti Hawa seperti yang tersebut diatas. Para wanita
tidak merasa malu lagi ketika berpakaian minim dan para pria tidak lagi merasa
ragu – ragu atas menggunakan jasa prostitusi. Bahkan, apa yang terjadi pada
kaum Sodom ( umat Nabi Luth as) yakni homoseksualitas ( baik gay maupun lesbian
), sudah menjadi hal yang biasa. Luar biasa anehnya lagi, dinegara Belanda,
Homoseksual sudah menjadi budaya mereka dengan dikeluarkannya hokum politik
atas perkawinan antara para kaum gay atau lesbian.<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">1</span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Homoseksual (liwath) merupakan
perbuatan asusila yang sangat terkutuk dan menunjukkan pelakunya seorang yang
mengalami penyimpangan psikologis dan tidak normal. Berbicara tentang
homoseksual di negara-negara maju, maka kondisinya sudah sangat memprihatinkan.
Di negara-negara tersebut kegiatannya sudah dilegalkan. Yang lebih menyedihkan
lagi, bahwa 'virus' ini ternyata juga telah mewabah di negara-negara
berkembang, termasuk Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Masalah homoseksual dan lesbian di
Indonesia kini memasuki babak-babak yang semakin menentukan. Sebagai sebuah
negeri Muslim terbesar, Indonesia menjadi ajang pertaruhan penting perguliran
kasus ini. Anehnya, hampir tidak ada organisasi dan tokoh umat yang serius
menanggapi masalah ini. Padahal, ibarat penyakit, masalahnya sudah semakin
kronis, karena belum mendapatkan terapi yang serius.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Front Pembela Islam (FPI) memprotes
penyelenggaraan Miss Waria Indonesia, di Gedung Sarinah. Namun, protes FPI
tidak digubris. Kontes itu tetap jalan. Ini merupakan kontes yang kedua.
Pemenang kontes Miss Waria tahun lalu, Meggie Megawatie (bernama asli Totok Sugiarto),
berhasil masuk dalam jajaran 10 besar dalam kontes waria se-dunia di Thailand.
Menurut laporan Jawa Pos (25/6/2005), kali ini, Gubernur Sutiyoso menyumbang Rp
100 juta untuk penyelenggaraan kontes waria.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkawinan sesama jenis telah mulai mengemuka,setelah
kejadian itu terjadi di luar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">negeri dan rentetannya kemudian
dengan akan dilakukannya rencana konggres kaum Gay</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">di Surabaya yang dihadiri
dari anggota organisasi Gay dari negeri luar ( Eropah ).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dimuka telah disinggung
bahwa ketertarikan dua orang manusia yang berlainan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jenis, tidak hanya
bertujuan bersetubuh, tetapi juga ingin membentuk keluarga (rumah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tangga). Harus diakui
faktor bersetubuh atau berhubungan seksual merupakan factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pendorong yang penting
untuk berkeluarga. Juga harus diakui faktor hubungan seksual</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tidaklah merupakan syarat
mutlak membentuk keluarga dengan perkawinan, buktinya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">manusia yang sudah lanjut
usiapun (manula) menurut hukum tidak dilarang kawin.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pernyataan tersebut di
atas, terkesan bebas dan demokratis serta penuh penghargaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terhadap HAM untuk
melangsungkan suatu perkawinan yang dilandasi atas hubungan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">seksual. Kini menjadi
suatu kajian tersendiri bagi hubungan seksual yang dilakukan secara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyimpang atau tidak umum
dilakukan oleh kebanyakan orang (yaitu hubungan kelamin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">laki-laki dengan kelamin
perempuan), melainkan hubungan seksual yang dilakukan laki-laki</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dengan laki-laki, yang
lazim disebut hubungan secara <i>sodomi</i>, pelakunya yang umum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dikenal <i>homoseksual</i>.
Begitu juga hubungan seksual yang menyimpang karena dilakukan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oleh perempuan dengan
perempuan, melalui <i>oralsek, </i>pelakunya lazim disebut <i>lisbian.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Bagaimana sesungguhnya masalah
besar ini menurut kacamata Islam? Apa ancaman yang akan diterima pelakunya?
Beberapa uraian berikut akan merangkum pendapat Imam Ibn al-Qayyim di dalam
bukunya, ad-Dâ` Wa ad-Dawâ. Dalam istilah Islam, homoseksual lebih dikenal
dengan nama "al-Liwâth" yang diambil dari kata "Luth,"
nama seorang Nabi Allah. Mengapa dinisbatkan kepada Nabi Allah tersebut? Sebab
perbuatan semacam itu dilakukan oleh kaumnya. (Kadang juga disebut dengan
sodomi, dari nama negri kaum Nabi Luth, Sodom, red)<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan
perbuatan Liwath (Homoseksual), sebagaimana perkataan Jumhur Ulama ijma' dari
para shahabat mengatakan, "Tidak ada satu perbuatan maksiat pun yang
kerusakannya lebih besar dibanding perbuatan homoseksual. Bahkan dosanya berada
persis di bawah tingkatan kekufuran bahkan lebih besar dari kerusakan yang
ditimbulkan tindakan pembunuhan." Allah subhanahu wata'ala tidak pernah
menguji dengan ujian yang seberat ini kepada siapa pun umat di muka bumi ini
selain umat Nabi Luth. Dia memberikan siksaan kepada mereka dengan siksaan yang
belum pernah dirasakan oleh umat mana pun. Hal ini terlihat dari beraneka
ragamnya adzab yang menimpa mereka, mulai dari kebinasaan, dibolak-balikkannya
tempat tinggal mereka, dijerembabkannya mereka ke dalam perut bumi dan dihujani
bebatuan dari langit. Ini tak lain karena demikian besarnya dosa perbuatan
tersebut. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sementara itu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Resolusi PBB</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> dengan
mengatas namakan HAM telah ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">merestui</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> kesamaan hak kaum homoseksual, Resolusi bersejarah itu
diputuskan melalui voting Dewan HAM PBB di Jenewa, Swiss</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dinamika homoseksual tersebut,
secara garis besar ( mainstream ) akan penulis uraikan dari beberapa aspek,
yakni agama (menurut pendapat para ulama), kejiwaan / psikis, akal/ daya
pikiran, keturunan / regenerasi</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">, harta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> dan </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">HAM</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">. Aspek – aspek tersebut adalah bagian yang melekat kepada
setiap individu. Sehingga akibat apa yang mungkin ditimbulkan dari perbuatan
homoseksual yang dilakukan individu terhadap aspek – aspek tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1.2.
Tujuan Penulisan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Berdasarkan
penulisan dan pemaparan Latar Belakang di atas, maka kami selaku penulis
makalah ini dapat menyimpulkan apa yang menjadi tujuan dari penulisan makalah
ini yakni :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Untuk
mengetahui pengertian Homoseksual.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Untuk
mengetahui hukum Homoseksual dari pandangan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Agama (Pendapat para ulama)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">HAM</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kejiwaan/Psikis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kesehatan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengertian Homoseksual dan Sejarahnya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Homoseksualitas
mengacu pada interaksi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ketertarikan_seksual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">seksual</span></a>
dan/atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cinta_romantis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">romantis</span></a>
antara pribadi yang berjenis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelamin"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kelamin</span></a>
sama. Pada penggunaan mutakhir, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_sifat"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kata sifat</span></a> <i>homoseks</i> digunakan untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_intim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hubungan
intim</span></a> dan/atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_sexual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hubungan
sexual</span></a> di antara orang-orang berjenis kelamin yang sama, yang bisa
jadi tidak mengidentifikasi diri merek sebagai <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">gay</span></a></i> atau <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">lesbian</span></a></i>.
Homoseksualitas, sebagai suatu pengenal, pada umumnya dibandingkan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroseksualitas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">heteroseksualitas</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biseksualitas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biseksualitas</span></a>. Istilah <i>gay</i> adalah suatu istilah tertentu yang
digunakan untuk merujuk kepada pria homoseks. Sedangkan <i>Lesbian</i> adalah suatu istilah tertentu yang digunakan untuk merujuk
kepada wanita homoseks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Definisi
tersebut bukan definisi mutlak mengingat hal ini diperumit dengan adanya
beberapa komponen biologis dan psikologis dari seks dan gender, dan dengan itu
seseorang mungkin tidak seratus persen pas dengan kategori di mana ia
digolongkan. Beberapa orang bahkan menganggap ofensif perihal pembedaan gender
(dan pembedaan orientasi seksual).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Homoseksualitas
dapat mengacu kepada:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.25pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orientasi_seksual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">orientasi
seksual</span></a> yang ditandai dengan kesukaan seseorang dengan orang lain
mempunyai kelamin sejenis secara biologis atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Identitas_gender&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">identitas
gender</span></a> yang sama. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.25pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perilaku_seksual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">perilaku
seksual</span></a> dengan seseorang dengan gender yang sama tidak peduli
orientasi seksual atau identitas gender. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.25pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">identitas
seksual atau identifikasi diri, yang mungkin dapat mengacu kepada perilaku
homoseksual atau orientasi homoseksual. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ungkapan
seksual dan cinta erotis sesama jenis telah menjadi suatu corak dari sejarah
kebanyakan budaya yang dikenal sejak sejarah awal . Bagaimanapun, bukanlah
sampai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-19"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">abad ke-19</span></a>
bahwa tindakan dan hubungan seperti itu dilihat sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orientasi_seksual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">orientasi
seksual</span></a> yang bersifat relatif stabil. Penggunaan pertama kata <i>homoseksual</i> yang tercatat dalam sejarah
adalah pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1869</span></a>
oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl-Maria_Kertbeny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Karl-Maria
Kertbeny</span></a>,<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 2.5pt; position: relative; top: -2.5pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoseksual#cite_note-0"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[1]</span></a></span></sup> dan kemudian dipopulerkan penggunaannya oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Richard
Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing</span></a> pada bukunya <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psychopathia_Sexualis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Psychopathia
Sexualis</span></a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Di
tahun-tahun sejak Krafft-Ebing, homoseksualitas telah menjadi suatu pokok
kajian dan debat. Mula-mula dipandang sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penyakit</span></a> untuk diobati,
sekarang lebih sering diselidiki sebagai bagian dari suatu proyek yang lebih
besar untuk memahami <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_hayat_dan_orientasi_seksual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ilmu Hayat</span></a>,
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_jiwa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu jiwa</span></a>,
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">politik</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">genetika</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sejarah</span></a> dan variasi budaya
dari identitas dan praktek seksual. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hukum_homoseksualitas_di_dunia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">status legal
dan sosial</span></a> dari orang yang melaksanakan tindakan homoseks atau
mengidentifikasi diri mereka <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">gay</span></a></i> atau <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">lesbian</span></a></i> beragam di
seluruh dunia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pandangan Homoseksual dari Aspek HAM</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Hak asasi
manusia adalah hak-hak yang telah dipunyai seseorang sejak ia dalam kandungan.
HAM berlaku secara universal. Dasar-dasar HAM tertuang dalam deklarasi
kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat (Declaration of Independence of USA) dan tercantum
dalam UUD 1945 Republik Indonesia, seperti pada pasal 27 ayat 1, pasal 28,
pasal 29 ayat 2, pasal 30 ayat 1, dan pasal 31 ayat 1</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
perespektif HAM,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hubungan seksual yang menyimpang ini menurut hemat </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">enulis tidaklah begitu
rendah dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hinanya. Bila kita sadar dari sudut kacamata HAM, manusia
sama dihadapan Tuhan dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum. Tidak seorangpun menghendaki
dilahirkan kedunia ini dengan keadaan yangmenyimpang, dan juga tidak dibenarkan
adanya suatu kaidah hukum apapun membedakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">orang yang satu dengan
yang lain.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pandangan negara yang telah maju mempraktekan HAM hubungan
seksual yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyimpang tidaklah dianggap perbuatan dosa dan aib,. karena
itu penyimpangan prilaku seksual telah mendapat pengakuan dan pengaturannya,
seperti yang dilakukan di negeri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Belanda. Artinya keluarga dapat
dibentuk melalui perkawinan oleh mereka yang sesame</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jenis (laki-laki dengan
laki-laki, perempuan dengan perempuan).</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Presiden Amerika Barack Obama memerintahkan semua instansi, lembaga
Pemerintah Amerika di luar negeri memberikan diplomasi, bantuan, dan
perlindungan terhadap hak-hak Warga Negara Amerika, yang berasal dari kaum gay,
lesbian, biseksual dan waria. Dilansir dari VOA, perintah Obama itu tertuang
dalam memorandum yang ditandatanganinya, di hari Selasa (6/12/2011)
kemarin. Selain itu ia juga
memerintahkan Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika dan USAID, melawan kriminalisasi
terhadap orang-orang lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender di luar negeri,
serta membasmi diskriminasi. Tak hanya memerintahkan untuk diberikannya
perlindungan terhadap WNA, Obama juga memerintahkan, agar kantor-kantor
Pemerintah Amerika di luar negeri untuk melindungi pengungsi dan pencari suaka
Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual dan Transgender. Pada bulan September lalu, pada sidang
umum PBB, Obama mengatakan, tidak satupun negara yang boleh menolak hak-hak
seseorang berdasarkan orientasi seksual mereka. (TribunNews.com)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dewan Hak Asasi Manusia Perserikatan
Bangsa-Bangsa (Dewan HAM PBB) mengeluarkan resolusi yang menyatakan tidak boleh
ada diskriminasi atau kekerasan terhadap orang berdasarkan orientasi seksual
mereka. Resolusi tersebut dikeluarkan setelah melalui perdebatan sengit antara
negara-negara Barat melawan negara-negara mayoritas berpenduduk Islam. Bagi
negara Barat, resolusi tersebut termasuk bersejarah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Melalui resolusi ini, Dewan HAM PBB
mengakui persamaan hak lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender. Resolusi yang
ini diajukan oleh Afrika Selatan ini diadopsi oleh 23 negara yang mendukung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pandangan Homoseksual dari Aspek Agama (Pendapat para ulama)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Seluruh
umat islam sepakat bahwa homoseksual termasuk dosa besar. Oleh karena perbuatan
yang menjijikkan inilah Allah kemudian memusnahkan kaum nabi Luth A.S dengan
cara yang sangat mengerikan. Allah SWT berfirman:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Artinya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mengapa
kamu mendatangi jenis lelaki di antara manusia, Dan kamu tinggalkan isteri-isteri yang
dijadikan oleh Tuhanmu untukmu, bahkan kamu adalah orang- orang yang melampaui batas” (QS. As-Syu’ra :
165-166</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Bahkan
Homoseksual jauh lebih menjijikkan dan hina daripada perzinahan. Sebagaimana
sabda Rasulullah SAW :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Artinya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Bunuhlah
fa’il dan maf’ulnya (kedua-duanya) (HR. Abu Daud dan Tirmidzi)</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Oleh karena itulah ancaman hukuman terhadap
pelaku homoseksual jauh lebih berat dibandingkan dengan hukuman bagi pelaku
pezina. Didalam perzinahan, hukuman dibagi menjadi dua yaitu bagi yang sudah
menikah dihukum rajam, sedangkan bagi yang belum menikah di cambuk 100 kali dan
diasingkan selama satu tahun. Adapaun dalam praktek homoseksual tidak ada
pembagian tersebut. Asalkan sudah dewasa dan berakal (bukan gila) maka
hukumannya sama saja (tidak ada perbedaan hukuman bagi yang sudah menikah atau
yang belum menikah).<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sebenarnya
ulama-ulama fiqh bebeda pendapat mengenai hukuman bagi pelaku homoseksual.
Diantara pendapat para ulama tersebut adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 20.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Fuqoha Madzhaf Hanbali: Mereka
sepakat bahwa hukuman bagi pelaku homoseksual sama persis dengan hukuman bagi
pelaku perzinahan. Yang sudah menikah di rajam dan yang belum menikah dicambuk
100 kali dan diasingkan selama setahun. Adapun dalil yang mereka pergunakan
adalah <i>Qiyas</i>. Karena defenisi
Homoseksual (Liwath) menurut mereka adalah menyetubuhi sesuatu yang telah
diharamkan oleh Allah. Maka mereka menyimpulkan bahwa hukuman bagi pelakunya
adalah sama persis dengan hukuman bagi pelaku perzinahan. Tetapi <i>qiyas</i> yang mereka lakukan adalah <i>qiyas ma’a al-fariq</i> (meng<i>qiyas</i>kan sesuatu yang berbeda) karena <i>liwath </i>(homoseksual) jauh lebih
mejijikkan dari pada perzinahan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 20.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pendapat yang benar adalah pendapat
kedua yang mengatakan bahwa hukuman bagi pelaku homoseksual adalah hukuman
mati. Karena virus ini kalau saja tersebar dimasyarakat maka ia akan
menghancukan masyarakat tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 20.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Syekh Ibnu Taymiyah mengatakan
bahwa seluruh sahabat Rasulullah SAW sepakat bahwa hukuman bagi keduanya adalah
hukuman mati. Sebagaimana Sabda Rasulullah SAW:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Artinya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">“Barangsiapa kamu temui melakukan perbuatan kaum
Luth (Homoseksual), maka bunuhlah al-fail dan al-maf’ul bi (kedua-duanya)”.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Hanya saja para sahabat berbeda pendapat tentang
cara ekskusinya. Sebagian sahabat mengatakan bahwa kedua-duanya harus dibakar
hidup-hidup, sehingga menjadi pelajaran bagi yang lain. Pendapat ini
diriwayatkan dari khalifah pertama <u>Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq</u>. Sahabat yang
lain berpendapat bahwa cara ekskusinya sama persis dengan hukuman bagi pezina
yang sudah menikah (rajam). Adapun pendapat yang ketiga adalah keduanya dibawa
kepuncak yang tertinggi di negeri itu kemudian diterjunkan dari atas dan
dihujani dengan batu. Karena dengan demikianlah kaum Nabi Luth A.S dihukum oleh
Allah SWT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Yang terpenting keduanya harus dihukum mati,
karena ini adalah penyakit yang sangat berbahaya dan sulit di deteksi. Jika
seorang laki-laki berjalan berduaan dengan seorang perempuan mungkin seseorang
akan bertanya:”Siapa perempuan itu?”. Tetapi ketika seseorang laki-laki
berjalan dengan laki-laki lain akan sulit di deteksi karena setiap laki-laki
berjalan dengan laki-laki lain. Tetapi tentunya tidak semua orang bisa
menjatuhkan hukuman mati, hanya hakim atau wakilnyalah yang berhak, sehingga
tidak terjadi perpecahan dan kezaliman yang malah menyebabkan munculnya
perpecahan yang lebih dahsyat.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Hukum Islam disebutkan bahwa praktik homoseks
merupakan satu dosa besar dan sanksinya sangat berat. Rasulullah SAW bersabda, <i>''Siapa saja yang menemukan pria pelaku
homoseks, maka bunuhlah pelakunya tersebut.''</i> (HR Abu Dawud, at-Tirmizi,
an-Nasai, Ibnu Majah, al-Hakim, dan al-Baihaki). Imam Syafii berpendapat, bahwa
pelaku homoseksual harus dirajam (dilempari batu sampai mati) tanpa membedakan
apakah pelakunya masih bujangan atau sudah menikah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">Untuk pelaku praktik lesbi (wanita dengan wanita),
diberikan ganjaran hukuman kurungan dalam rumah sampai mereka menemui ajalnya.
(QS 4:15). Para fuqaha membedakan hukuman antara pelaku homoseksual (sesama
laki-laki) dengan lesbian (sesama wanita). Pelaku lesbi tidak dihukum mati.
Dalam kitab Fathul Mu'in, kitab fikih yang dikaji di pesantren-pesantren
Indonesia, dikatakan, bahwa pelaku lesbi (musaahaqah) diberi sanksi sesuai
dengan keputusan penguasa (ta'zir). Bisa jadi, penguasa atau hakim membedakan
jenis hukuman antara pelaku lesbi yang terpaksa dengan yang profesional.
Apalagi, untuk para promotor lesbi. Apapun, hingga kini, praktik homoseksual
dan lesbian tetap dipandang sebagai praktik kejahatan kriminal, dan tidak patut
dipromosikan apalagi dilegalkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Menyimak
posisi ajaran Islam dan Kristen yang tegas terhadap masalah homoseksual,
harusnya berbagai pihak tidak memberi kesempatan untuk mempromosikanya. Karena
itu, adalah ajaib, jika saat ini, begitu banyak media massa yang membuat opini
seolah-olah homoseksual adalah suatu tindakan mulia (amal salih) yang perlu
diterima oleh masyarakat. Promosi dan kampanye besar-besaran legalisasi
homoseksual ini berusaha menggiring opini masyarakat untuk menerima praktik
homoseksual.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pada Senin,
13 Juni 2005, pukul 08.30 WIB, dalam acara Good Morning di Trans TV melakukan
kampanye legalisasi perkawinan sesama jenis. Ketika itu ditampilkan sosok
wanita lesbi bernama Agustin, yang mengaku sudah 13 tahun hidup bersama
pasangannya yang juga seorang wanita. Agustin, yang mengaku menyukai sesama
wanita sejak umur 12 tahun, ditampilkan sebagai sosok yang tertindas, diusir
oleh keluarganya, pindah dari satu pekerjaan ke pekerjaan lain, gara-gara
dirinya seorang lesbi. Kini ia bekerja di LSM Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia.
Ketika ditanya, mengapa dia berani membuka dirinya, sebagai seorang lesbi,
Agustin menyatakan, bahwa dia sudah capek berbohong. Dia ingin jujur dan
mengimbau masyarakat bisa memahami dan menerimanya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Praktik
hubungan seksual dan perkawinan sesama jenis, katanya, adalah sesuatu yang
baik. Seorang psikolog yang juga seorang wanita (tidak dijelaskan apakah dia
lesbi atau tidak) juga menjelaskan bahwa homoseksual dan lesbian bukan praktik
yang abnormal, tetapi merupakan orientasi dan praktik seksual yang normal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Acara Trans
TV itu tentu saja perlu diberi perhatian serius oleh kaum Muslimin. Sebab, ini
merupakan kampanye dan promosi perkawinan sesama jenis yang bersifat massal dan
terbuka. Selama ini, banyak TV yang menayangkan acara baik sinetron, komedi,
film yang secara terselubung berisi kampanye dukungan buat kaum homo. Hanya
saja, biasanya tidak sampai kepada bentuk dukungan terhadap perkawinan sesama
jenis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kasus
leluasanya kampanye besar-besaran legalisasi homoseksual dan dukungan
(pendiaman) terhadap kontes Miss Waria bisa dilihat sebagai satu gejala mulai
lumpuhnya peran nahi-munkar organisasi dan tokoh-tokoh Islam di Indonesia.
Mungkin banyak tokoh sedang sibuk ngurus ''yang lain'' atau sedang mengalami
kegagapan menghadapi arus globalisasi dan hegemoni media televisi yang saat ini
menjadi penguasa moral dan penentu nilai-nilai moral baru di tengah masyarakat.
Salah satu dampak globalisasi adalah lahirnya sikap ketidakberdayaan
(powerless) yang gagap dan gamang dalam menyikapi kedigdayaan media informasi
seperti TV.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penjungkirbalikan
nilai-nilai haq dan bathil merupakan masalah paling serius yang dihadapi kaum
Muslim saat ini. Harusnya, organisasi Islam besar NU, Muhammadiyah, MUI,
Al-Irsyad, DDII, PKS, PPP, dan sebagainya memahami, bahwa masalah pencegahan
kemunkaran dalam bentuk perzinahan atau homoseksual adalah persoalan besar dan
serius, yang tidak kalah seriusnya dibandingkan masalah korupsi uang. Para
tokoh organisasi itu pasti paham, beratnya sanksi perzinahan dalam Islam.
Urusan menghentikan kemunkaran bukanlah hanya tugas FPI atau KISDI semata. Kita
berharap, kemenangan partai Islam di wilayah terentu berbanding lurus dengan
pengurangan tindakan kemunkaran di wilayah itu. Jangan sampai politiknya
menang, tapi kemunkaran malah berkembang, yang mendekatkan masyarakat pada
turunnya azab Allah SWT. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mengikuti
jejak kalangan Kristen, di kalangan Islam, bahkan di lingkungan pendidikan
tinggi Islam, juga sudah muncul suara yang mendukung perkawinan sejenis. Tahun
2004, Jurnal Justisia terbitan Fakultas Syariah IAIN Walisongo Semarang,
menulis cover story dengan judul ''Indahnya Kawin Sesama Jenis''. Dikatakan di
Jurnal ini, bahwa hanya orang primitif saja yang yang melihat perkwinan sejenis
sebagai sesuatu yang abnormal dan berbahaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kini, dalam
soal homoseksual, manusia seperti memutar jarum sejarah: menganggap enteng,
memberikan legitimasi, dan ujungnya adalah azab Allah. Dan Rasulullah SAW
mengingatkan: ''Tidaklah (sebagian) dari suatu kaum yang berbuat maksiat, dan
di kalangan mereka ada orang yang mampu mencegahnya atas mereka, lalu dia tidak
berbuat, melainkan hampir-hampir Allah meratakan dengan azab dari sisi-Nya.''
(HR Abu Dawud, at-Turmudzi, dan Ibnu Majah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2.3.
Pandangan Homoseksual dari Aspek Kejiwaan/Psikis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Keterkaitan antara aspek psikis
pelaku pezinahan atau homoseksual adalah faktor yang saling mendukung dan
saling mempengaruhi otak untuk melakukan perbuatan. Berikut adalah deskripsi
kejiwaan pelaku zina atau homoseksual :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Psikis “ Hewani” mendominasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Maksudnya adalah kejiwaan manusia
pelaku sudah tidak manusiawi lagi. Kondisi yang ada ketika melakukan perzinahan
baik bagi hetero seksual maupun homo seksual, adalah psikis hewani yang
mementingkan pemuas nafsu birahi belaka. Sedangkan manusia, adalah makhluk yang
beradab dengan dilengkapi naluri manusiawi dan akal yang ( seharusnya ) sehat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Psikis yang adktif akan perzinahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Apabila seseorang melakukan zina
atau homoseksual, secara statistic <a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">2</span></a>pasti
akan mengulanginya lagi (adiktif). Hal ini dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya
penderita HIV / AIDS baik dalam skala nasional maupun internasional. Sedangkan
cara penularan virus HIV / AIDS yang paling banyak dijumpai adalah dengan gonta
ganti pasangan seksual (baik hetero seksual maupun homoseksual). Cara penularan
yang kedua adalah dengan penggunaan jarum suntik yang tidak bersih secara
klinis. Dengan demikian, akibat kejiwaan adiktif terhadap perzinahan tersebut,
mengakibatkan pada kesehatan fisik si pelaku perbuatan keji tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Psikis yang ekstra posesif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Hal ini terjadi pada umumnya,
didominasi oleh gay/ lesbian. Contoh kasus yang tengah menjadi sorotan public
saat ini adalah kasus pembunuhan berantai yang dilakukan oleh tersangka Ryan
atau Very Idham Afriansyah. Setelah dilakukan uji psikologis oleh Tim Dokter
Polri, tersangka Ryan divonis menderita kelainan kejiwaan yang dalam bahasa
Ilmu psikologi disebut psikopat, yakni kondisi kejiwaan yang sangat labil dan
tidak dapat membedakan perbuatan yang baik atau buruk. Hal tersebut dapat
terjadi pada setiap orang yang salah satu pemicunya adalah sifat yang extra
posesif ( rasa memiliki terhadap sesuatu yang berlebihan ). Dalam konteks kasus
Ryan, extra posesifnya terhadap kekasih gey nya adalah pemicu ia melakukan
pembunuhan mutilasi terhadap korban almarhumk Ir. Hery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dapat disimpulkan, kondisi kejiwaan
pelaku perzinahan, terdeteksi bersifat negative dan berdampak pada kesehatan
tubuh dan kesehatan psikis itu sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2.5.
Pandangan Homoseksual dari Aspek Kesehatan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Islam sangat keras dalam meberikan hukuman atas
kejahatan yang satu ini karena dampaknya yang buruk dan kerusakan yang
ditimbulkannya kepada pribadi dan masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dampak
negatif tersebut di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Benci
terhadap wanita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kaum Luth
berpaling dari wanita dan kadang bisa sampai tidak mampu untuk menggauli
mereka. Oleh karena itu, hilanglah tujuan pernikahan untuk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">memperbanyak keturunan. Seandainya
pun seorang homo itu bisa menikah, maka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">istrinya akan menjadi korbannya, tidak mendapatkan ketenangan,
kasih sayang, dan balas kasih. Hidupnya tersiksa, bersuami tetapi seolah tidak
bersuami.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Efek
Terhadap Syaraf<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kebiasaan
jelek ini mempengaruhi kejiwaan dan memberikan efek yang sangat kuat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">pada syaraf. Sebagai akibatnya dia
merasa seolah dirinya diciptakan bukan
sebagai laki-laki, yang pada akhirnya perasaan itu membawanya kepada
penyelewengan. Dia merasa cenderung dengan orang yang sejenis dengannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Efek
terhadap otak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Menyebabkan
pelakunya menjadi pemurung</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Seorang
homoseks selalu merasa tidak puas dengan pelampiasan hawa nafsunya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Hubungan
homoseksual dengan kejelekan akhlaq<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kita
dapatkan mereka jelek perangai dan tabiatnya. Mereka hampir tidak bisa
membedakan antara yang baik dan yang buruk, yang mulia dan yang hina.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Melemahkan organ tubuh yang kuat dan bisa
menghancurkannya. Karena organ-organ tubuhnya telah rusak, maka didapati mereka
sering tidak sadar setelah mengeluarkan air seni dan mengeluarkan kotoran dari
duburnya tanpa terasa.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Hubungan
homoseksual dengan kesehatan umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mereka
terancam oleh berbagai macam penyakit. Hal ini disebabkan karena merasa lemah
mental dan depresi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengaruh
terhadap organ peranakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Homoseksual
dapat melemahkan sumber-sumber utama pengeluaran mani dan membunuh sperma
sehingga akan menyebabkan kemandulan</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dapat
meyebabkan penyakit thypus</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Spilis</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Kencing nanah dan disentri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">h. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">AIDS, para
ahli mengatakan bahwa 95% pengidap penyakit ini adalah kaum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">homoseks<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">BAB
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PENUTUP</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3.1.
Kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US">Pengertian
homosexual menurut saya tidak perlu dijelaskan panjang lebar karena saya
percaya bahwa istilah ini sudah sangat umum dan dapat dimengerti dengan baik
oleh masyarakat. Oleh karena itu dalam pemaparan ini tidak kami jelaskan
mengenai pengertian tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
H<span lang="EN-US">omosexual adalah sebuah
pengingkaran terhadap hakikat alami dan utama dari makhluk hidup yaitu
berkembang biak, makhluk hidup itu jangankan manusia, tumbuhan saja berkembang
biak, meski caranya tentu berbeda dengan manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sedangkan
yang kedua mengingkari keberadaan hal hal yang saling berlawanan namun menjadi
satu kesatuan, seperti misalnya panas dan dingin, jahat dan baik, negatif dan
positif, semua hal di dunia ini memiliki pasangan yang justru merupakan suatu
hal yang berlawanan, adalah tidak alamiah jika menyatukan dua hal yang sama
menjadi satu, magnit saja tidak pernah mau bersatu (tolak menolak) apabila dua
kutubnya yang sama dipertemukan, lain halnya jika dua kutub berbeda yang di
pertemukan, maka tindakan ini akan menghasilkan kegiatan tarik menarik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3.2.
Saran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Muda-mudahan
dalam penulisan makalah ini bisa bermanfaat bagi para pembaca umumnya dan bagi
penulis khususnya. Dan dalam penulisan makalah ini mungkin masih banyak
kesalahan dan kekeliruan, maka dari itu kami selaku penulis mohon saran dan
masukanya, karena dengan saran dan masukan itu akan menjadikan penulisan
makalah selanjutnya akan semakin baik dan sesuai dengan EYD yang diterapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">AL-QUR’AN NUR
KARIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ABD. Madjid
Ahmad. "<i>Masa'il Fiqhiyyah (membahas
Masalah Fiqih yang Aktual". </i>PT.<i> </i>Garuda
Buana Indah, Pasuruan - Jatim 1994.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jay P. Paul, <i>Bisexual and Homosexual Identities, </i>New York:
Haword Press, 1984</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Harian
Surat Kabar Seputar Indonesia</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://kozam.wordpress.com/">http://kozam.wordpress.com</a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.antithogut.web.id/">http://www.antithogut.web.id</a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.tribunnews.com/">http://www.Tribunnews.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.wikipedia.com/">http://www.wikipedia.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.okezone.com/">http://www.okezone.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Harian Surat Kabar Seputar Indonesia Edisi Juli 2008</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US">
http://www.antithogut.web.id/index.php?modul=detail&catID=3&key=53</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US">
http://kozam.wordpress.com/2008/02/13/homoseksual-menurut-pandangan-islam/</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/makalah-homoseksual.doc#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> dari berbagai sumber</span></div>
</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-34240790064513157742012-05-12T10:10:00.000-07:002012-05-12T10:10:23.894-07:00MAKALAH USHUL FIQIH - TRANSPALTASI ORGAN BERDASARKAN PANDANGAN ISLAM<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">0</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>«</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">H</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">q</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">§</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>É</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">§</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-family: "Bauhaus 93"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TRANSPLANTASI ORGAN BERDASARKAN PANDANGAN ISLAM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Disusun pada tanggal 8 November 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah
Ushul Fiqih<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">di Prodi Pendidikan Kimia semester 7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dibimbing oleh </span><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DR. Andewi Suhartini M.Ag</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Moh.
Wildan Rahmat B Y<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f"
stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s2050" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="311357_267448219946657_100000444437783_1014140_912178749_n.jpg" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:153.4pt;margin-top:7.55pt;width:178.1pt;
height:279.85pt;z-index:-1;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQDI4TOSFQEAAFICAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbKSSTW7DIBCF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">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="f"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 373px; left: 0px; margin-left: 205px; margin-top: 10px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 237px; z-index: -1;"><img alt="311357_267448219946657_100000444437783_1014140_912178749_n.jpg" height="373" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="237" /></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIM: 208204126<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PROGRAM
STUDI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS
TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS
ISLAM NEGERI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SUNAN
GUNUNG DJATI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANDUNG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2011
M/1432 H<a href="" name="_GoBack"></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 189.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB
I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.1 LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Transplantasi merupakan salah satu
temuan teknologi kedokteran modern dengan metode kerja berupa pemindahan
jaringan atau organ tubuh dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya. Hal ini dapat
dilakukan pada satu individu atau dua individu. Transplantasi dilakukan dengan
tujuan pengobatan penyakit sebagai berikut : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Pengobatan serius, jika tidak dilakukan transplantasi maka akan berakibat pada
kematian. Seperti transplantasi jantung, ginjal dan hati. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Pengobatan yang dilakukan untuk menghindari cacat fisik yang akan menimbulkan
gangguan psikologi pada penderita, seperti transplantasi kornea mata, dan
menambal bibir sumbing. Transplantasi jenis ini dilakukan bukan untuk
menghindari kematian, tetapi sekedar pengobatan untuk menghindari cacat seumur
hidup. Pada tahun 40-an telah diadakan
pengujian transplantasi organ hewan pada hewan juga kemudian disusul pada tahun
50-an dari hewan ke manusia dan berhasil dan berkembang dari organ manusia
kepada organ manusia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari keberhasilan uji coba tersebut,
timbul satu masalah baru yang perlu dikaji dalam kaitannyadengan hukum Islam.
Apakah transplantasi organ tubuh manusia kepada manusia dibolehkan dalam hukum
Islam atau tidak ?. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kalau kita lihat dalam literatur Arab
transplantasi bukan suatu hal yang baru. Karena, pada abad VI H., masalah
tersebut sudah dibahas dalam literatur Arab. Akan tetapi, transplantasi tidak
menjadi perbincangan publik karena transplantasi merupakan fiqh iftirad}
(pengandaian) yang biasa didapatkan dalam literatur Arab dan kemungkinan
terjadinya tidak bisa dipastikan dengan kapan dan di mana. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.2 TUJUAN
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Makalah ini disusun untuk mengetahui
hukum transplantasi menurut agama islam. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.3 RUMUSAN
MASALAH <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari uraian di atas, sebenarnya banyak
masalah yang berkaitan dengan transplantasi yang harus dikaji hukumnya
khususnya yang berkaitan dengan hukum Islam. Dalam tulisan ini penulis hanya
fokus pada salah satu masalah atau bagian dari masalah-masalah transplantasi.
Masalah yang penulis akan kaji khususnya yang berkaitan dengan hukum Islam,
ialah : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
pendapat ulama fiqh (pakar hukum Islam) berkenaan dengan praktek
transplantasi?. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.4 MANFAAT
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan adanya makalah ini diharapkan
dapat bermanfaat, khususnya sebagai tenaga kesehatan yang beragama islam harus
mengetahui hukum- hukum transplantasi menurut agama islam. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah Transplantasi Organ<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang memberikan ilham masalah
transplantasi dalam Ilmu Kedokteran adalah: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Terciptanya Hawa dari tulang iga yang
diambil dari tulang iga milik Adam. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Legenda taentang Icarus yang berhasil membuat sayap dari bulu burung garuda
lalu ditempelkan di badannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kira-kira 2000 tahun sebelum Kristus, di
Mesir ditemukan sebuah manuskrip yang isinya antara lain uraian mengenai
percobaan-percobaan transplantasi jaringan. Sedang di India beberapa puluh
tahun sebelum Kristus, seorang ali bedah bangsa Hindu telah berhasil
memperbaiki hidung seorang tahanan yang cacat akibat siksaan, dengan cara
mentransplantasikan sebagian kulit jaringan lemak di bawahnya yang berasal dari
lengannya. Pengalaman ini merangsang George Tagliacosi, ahli bedah bangsa
Italia, pada tahun 1597 mencoba memperbaiki cacat pada hidung seseorang dengan
menggunakan kulit milik kawannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun 1863, Paul Bert, ahli
fisiologi bangsa Perancis berpendapat transplantasi jaringan antar individu
yang sejenis akan mengalami kegagalan, tetapi dia tidak dapat menjelaskan
sebabnya. Kemudian pada tahun 1903, C.O. Jensen, seorang ahli biologi dan tahun
1912, G. Schone, seorang ahli bedah; kedua-duanya bangsa Jerman; menjelaskan
mekanisme penolakan jaringan oleh resipien, yaitu karena terjadi proses
imunitas dalam tubuh resipien. John Murphy, ahli bedah bangsa Amerika, pada tahun
1897 telah berhasil menyambung pembuluh darah pada binatang percobaan.
Prestasinya ini membawa perkembangan lebih pesat dan lebih maju dalam bidang
transplantasi dan menjadi tonggak diadakannya transplantasi organ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun 1902 E. Ullman, ahli bedah bangsa
Jerman, dan setahun kemudian Claude Beck, ahli bedah bangsa Amerika, telah
berhasil melakukan transplantasi ginjal pada seekor anjing.Pada awal abad ke XX
timbul pemikiran mengadakan transplantasi jaringan atau organ pada dua individu
kembar yang berasal dari satu sel telur. Karena individu kembar yang berasal
dari satu sel telur secara biologis dapat dianggap satu individu. Berdasarkan
kenyataan ini mendorong Dr. J.E. Murray pada tahun 1954 untuk mengobati seorang
anak yang menderita penyakit ginjal dengan mentransplantasikan ginjal yang
berasal dari sudara kembarnya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo9; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Transplantasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam dunia kedokteran, transplantasi
(pencangkokan) dapat diartikan sebagai usaha memindahkan sebagian dari bagian
tubuh (jaringan atau organ) dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Dari pengertian
tersebut transplantasi dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian:a.Transplantasi jaringan
seperti pencangkokan kornea mata.b.Transplantasi organ seperti pencangkokan
ginjal, jantung, dan sebagainyaBerdasarkan hubungan genetik antara donor dengan
resipien, ada tiga macam pencangkokan, yaitu: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Autotransplantasi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu transplantasi dimana donor dan
resipiennya satu individu. Seperti seseorang yang pipinya dioperasi untuk
memulihkan bentuk, diambil daging dari bagian tubuhnya yang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Homotransplantasi (Allotransplantasi) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yaitu transplantasi dimana donor dan
resipiennya individu yang sama jenisnya. Homotransplantasi dapat terjadi pada
dua individu yang masih hidup; bisa juga antara donor yang sudah meninggal yang
disebut cadaver donor sedang resipien masih hidup. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.
Heterotransplantasi (Xenotransplantasi), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu transplantasi yang donor dan
resipiennya adalah dua individu yang berbeda jenisnya. Misalnya
mentransplantasikan jaringan atau organ dari binatang ke manusia.Indikasi utama
transplantasi organ adalah ikhtiar pengobatan organ itu (yang menderita
penyakit sehingga merusak fungsinya) setelah semua ikhtiar pengobatan lainnya
dilakukan tetapi mengalami kegagalan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melihat tingkatannya, tujuan transplantasi untuk
pengobatan mempunyai kedudukan yang berlainan; ada yang semata-mata pengobatan
dari sakit atau cacat yang kalau tidak dilakukan dengan pencangkokan tidak akan
menimbulkan kematian, tetapi akan menimbulkan cacat atau ketidak sempurnaan
badan, seperti pencangokan menambal bibir sumbing, pencangkokan kornea untuk
mengobati orang yang korneanya rusak atau tidak dapat melihat. Kalau tidak
dilakukan pencangkokan, orang yang sumbing tetap sehat seluruh jasmaninya,
hanya mukanya tidak sebagaimana biasa. Mengenai pencangkokan kornea, jika tidak
dilakukan tidak akan mengalami kematian tetapi mengakibatkan kebutaan yang akan
mengurangi kegiatan dibanding orang yang lengkap seluruh anggota badannya. Pada
pencangkokan yang termasuk pengobatan yang jika tidak dilakukan akan
menimbulkan kematian, adalah seperti pencangkokan penggantian ginjal, hati,
jantung, dan sebagainya. Kalau tidak dialkukan pencangkokan akan mengakibatkan
kematian pasien.Melihat tingkatan itu, dapat diperinci, pada pencangkokan
tingkat pertama adalah tingkat dihajadkan, sedang tingkat kedua tingkat
darurat.<b><span style="color: #0070c0;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo9; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Macam-macam Transplantasi Organ <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melihat
dari pengertian di atas, transplantasi dapat dibedakan dalam 2 hal: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Transplantasi jaringan seperti pencangkokan kornea mata. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Transplantasi organ seperti pencangkokan organ ginjal, jantung dan sebagainya.
Melihat dari hubungan genetik antara donor (pemberi jaringan atau organ yang
ditransplantasikan) dari resipien (orang yang menerima pindahan jaringan atau
organ), ada tiga macam pencangkokan : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Auto transplantasi, yaitu transplantasi di mana donor resipiennya satu
individu. Seperti seorang yang pipinya dioperasi, untuk memulihkan bentuk,
diambilkan daging dari bagian badannya yang lain dalam badannya sendiri. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Homo transplantasi, yakni di mana transplantasi itu donor dan resipiennya
individu yang sama jenisnya, (jenis di sini bukan jenis kelamin, tetapi jenis
manusia dengan manusia). Pada homo transplantasi ini bisa terjadi donor dan
resipiennya dua individu yang masih hidup, bisa juga terjadi antara donor yang
telah meninggal dunia yang disebut cadaver donor, sedang resipien masih hidup. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.
Hetero transplantasi ialah yang donor dan resipiennya dua individu yang
berlainan jenisnya, seperti transplantasi yang donornya adalah hewan sedangkan
resipiennya manusia. Pada auto transplantasi hampir selalu tidak pernah
mendatangkan reaksi penolakan, sehingga jaringan atau organ yang
ditransplantasikan hampir selalu dapat dipertahankan oleh resipien dalam jangka
waktu yang cukup lama. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada homo transplantasi dikenal tiga
kemungkinan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Apabila resipien dan donor adalah saudara kembar yang berasal dari satu telur,
maka transplantasi hampir selalu tidak menyebabkan reaksi penolakan. Pada
golongan ini hasil transplantasinya serupa dengan hasil transplantasi pada auto
transplantasi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Apabila resipien dan donor adalah saudara kandung atau salah satunya adalah
orang tuanya, maka reaksi penolakan pada golongan ini lebih besar daripada
golongan pertama, tetapi masih lebih kecil daripada golongan ketiga. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.
Apabila resipien dan donor adalah dua orang yang tidak ada hubungan saudara,
maka kemungkinan besar transplantasi selalu menyebabkan reaksi penolakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada waktu sekarang homo transplantasi
paling sering dikerjakan dalam klinik, terlebih-lebih dengan menggunakan
cadaver donor, karena : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Kebutuhan organ dengan mudah dapat dicukupi, karena donor tidak sulit dicari. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat pesat, terutama dalam bidang
immunologi, maka reaksi penolakan dapat ditekan seminimal mungkin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada hetero transplantasi hampir selalu
meyebabkan timbulnya reaksi penolakan yang sangat hebat dan sukar sekali
diatasi. Maka itu, penggunaanya masih terbatas pada binatang percobaan. Tetapi
pernah diberitakan adanya percobaan mentransplantasikan kulit babi yang sudah
di iyophilisasi untuk menutup luka bakar yang sangat luas pada manusia. Sekarang
hampir semua organ telah dapat ditransplantasikan, sekalipun sebagian masih
dalam taraf menggunakan binatang percobaan, kecuali otak, karena memang
tehnisnya amat sulit.Namun demikian pernah diberitakan bahwa di Rusia sudah
pernah dilakukan percobaan mentransplantasikan kepala pada binatang dengan
hasil baik. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masalah Etik dan Moral dalam Transplantasi <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa pihak yang ikut terlibat dalam
usaha transplantasi adalah (a) donor hidup,(b) jenazah dan donor mati, (c)
keluarga dan ahli waris, (d) resepien, (e) dokter dan pelaksana lain, dan (f)
masyarakat. Hubungan pihak-pihak itu dengan masalah etik dan moral dalam
transplantasi akan dibicarakan dalam uraian dibawah ini. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.
Donor Hidup <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adalah orang yang memberikan jaringan/organnya
kepada orang lain (resepien). Sebelum memutuskan untuk menjadi donor, seseorang
harus mengetahui dan mengerti resiko yang dihadapi, baik resiko di bidang
medis, pembedahan, maupun resiko untuk kehidupannya lebih lanjut sebagai
kekurangan jaringan/organ yang telah dipindahkan. Disamping itu, untuk menjadi
donor, sesorang tidak boleh mengalami tekanan psikologis. Hubungan psikis dan
omosi harus sudah dipikirkan oleh donor hidup tersebut untuk mencegah timbulnya
masalah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.
Jenazah dan donor mati <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adalah orang yang semasa hidupnya telah
mengizinkan atau berniat dengan sungguh - sungguh untuk memberikan jaringan /
organ tubuhnya kepada yang memerlukan apabila ia telah meninggal kapan seorang
donor itu dapat dikatakan meninggal secara wajar, dan apabila sebelum
meninggal, donor itu sakit, sudah sejauh mana pertolongan dari dokter yang
merawatnya. Semua itu untuk mencegah adanya tuduhan dari keluarga donor atau
pihak lain bahwa tim pelaksana transplantasi telah melakukan upaya mempercepat
kematian seseorang hanya untuk mengejar organ yang akan ditransplantasikan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.
Keluarga donor dan ahli waris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesepakatan keluarga donor dan resipien
sangat diperlukan untuk menciptakan saling pengertian dan menghindari konflik
semaksimal mungkin atau pun tekanan psikis dan emosi di kemudian hari. Dari
keluarga resepien sebenarnya hanya
dituntut suatu penghargaan kepada donor dan keluarganya dengan tulus.
Alangkah baiknya apabila dibuat suatu ketentuan untuk mencegah tinmulnya rasa
tidak puas kedua belah pihak. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d.
Resipien <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adalah orang yang menerima jaringan /
organ orang lain. Pada dasarnya, seorang penderita mempunyai hak untuk
mendapatkan perawatan yang dapat memperpanjang hidup atau meringankan
penderitaannya. Seorang resepien harus benar - benar mengerti semua hal yang
dijelaskan oleh tim pelaksana transplantasi. Melalui tindakan transplantasi
diharapkan dapat memberikan nilai yang besar bagi kehidupan resepien. Akan
tetapi, ia harus menyadari bahwa hasil transplantasi terbatas dan ada
kemungkinan gagal. Juga perlu didasari bahwa jika ia menerima untuk
transplantasi berarti ia dalam percobaan yang sangat berguna bagi kepentingan
orang banyak di masa yang akan datang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e.
Dokter dan tenaga pelaksana lain <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk melakukan suatu transplantasi, tim
pelaksana harus mendapat parsetujuan dari donor, resepien, maupun keluarga
kedua belah pihak. Ia wajib menerangkan hal-hal yang mungkin akan terjadi
setelah dilakukan transplantasi sehingga gangguan psikologis dan emosi di
kemudian hari dapat dihindarkan. Tnaggung jawab tim pelaksana adalah menolong
pasien dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan untuk umat manusia. Dengan demikian,
dalam melaksanakan tugas, tim pelaksana hendaknya tidak dipengaruhi oleh
pertimbangan-pertimbangan kepentingan pribadi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f.
Masyarakat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara tidak sengaja masyarakat turut
menentukan perkembangan transplantasi. Kerjasama tim pelaksana dengan cara
cendekiawan, pemuka masyarakat, atau pemuka agama diperlukan unutk mendidik
masyarakat agar lebih memahami maksud dan tujuan luhur usaha transplantasi.
Dengan adanya pengertian ini kemungkinan penyediaan organ yang segera
diperlikan, atas tujuan luhur, akan dapat diperoleh. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ASPEK HUKUM TRANSPLANTASI <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengaturan mengenai transplantasi organ
dan atau jaringan tubuh manusia telah diatur dalam hukum positif di Indonesia.
Dalam peraturan tersebut diatur tentang siapa yang berwenang melakukan tindakan
transplantasi organ dan atau jaringan tubuh manusia, bagaimana prosedur
pelaksanaan tindakan medis transplantasi organ dan atau jaringan tubuh manusia,
juga tentang sanksi pidana. Dalam UU No. 23 Tahun 1992 tentang Kesehatan bagi
pelaku pelanggaran baik yang tidak memiliki keahlian dan kewenangan, melakukan
transplantasi organ dan atau jaringan tubuh manusia tanpa persetujuan donor
atau ahli waris, memperjual belikan organ dan atau jaringan tubuh manusia
diancam pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh ) tahun dan denda paling banyak
Rp.140.000.000,- (seratus empat puluh juta) sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 81
ayat (1)a, Pasal 81 ayat (2)a, Pasal 80 ayat (3), dan sanksi administratif
terhadap pelaku pelanggaran yang melakukan transplantasi organ dan/atau
jaringan tubuh manusia yang diatur dalam Pasal 20 ayat (2) PP No. 81 Tahun 1981
tentang Bedah Mayat Minis dan Bedah Mayat Anatomis serta Transplantasi Alat
dan/atau Jaringan Tubuh Manusia. Untuk menanggulangi perdagangan gelap organ
dan/atau jaringan tubuh manusia diatur dalam UU <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No. 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan
Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, yang berisi ketentuan mengenai jenis perbuatan
dan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku yang
terdapat dalam Pasal 2, Pasal 3, Pasal 4, Pasal 5, Pasal 6, Pasal 11, Pasal 13,
dan Pasal 17, dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 3 (tiga) tahun dan paling
lama 15 (lima belas) tahun dan denda paling sedikit Rp. 120.000.000, (seratus
dua puluh juta rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp. 600.000.000, (enam ratus juta
rupiah). Sedangkan sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap anak yang juga rentan
terhadap tindakan eksploitasi perdagangan gelap transplantasi organ dan/atau
jaringan tubuh telah diatur dalam Pasal 47 dan Pasal 85 UU NO. 23 Tahun 2002
tentang Perlindungan Anak, serta yang berisi ketentuan mengenai jenis tindak
pidana dan sanksi pidana yang dapat dikenakan terhadap pelakunya.Dalam
melakukan tindakan medis transplantasi organ dan/atau jaringan tubuh manusia
seorang dokter harus melakukannya berdasarkan standart profesi serta berpegang
teguh pads Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia (KODEKI). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP TRANSPLANTASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.1 Hukum Transplantasi Dalam Islam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengenai pengobatan, dalam Al-Qur'an
tidak disebutkan secara khusus , hanya ada petunjuk bahwa diturunkannya
Al-Qur'an sebagai penyembuh seperti pada surat Al- Isra' yang artinya adalah
"<i>Al-Qur'an adalah penyembuh atau obat
yang sempurna, obat rohani dan jasmani,obat bagi dunia dan akhirat</i>" <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ayat lain yang menganjurkan agar
memelihara diri untuk tidak berbuat yang mendatangkan kerusakan diri, seperti
tersebut dalam surat Al-Baqarah ayat 195: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">û</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>È</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">@</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>«</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ù</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¡</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">þ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¡</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">û</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ü</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Artinya
: " <i>Janganlah kamu menjerumuskan
diri dalam kerusakan</i>"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ayat di atas mengandung ketentuan agar
kita tidak berbuat yang merusakkan diri, termasuk dalam pengertian ini adalah
larangan membiarkan diri tidak terpelihara, sehingga menderita sakit, dan bila
menderita sakitpun kita dilarang untuk membiarkan diri untuk diobati. Dengan
kata lain mengobati badan di waktu menderita sakit merupakan perintah Tuhan.
Secara tegas Hadist Nabi berbunyi: "<i>Hendaklah
kamu sekalian berobat, wahai hamba Allah, karena Allah tidak menjadikan
penyakit kecuali menjadikan pula obatnya, selain penyakit yang satu yaitu
penyakit tua</i>." <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hadist ini tidak termasuk hadist yang
sahih Bukhari Muslim, tetapi isinya didukung oleh hadist lain yang diriwayatkan
oleh Imam Muslim: "<i>Setiap penyakit
ada obatnya. Jika obat diterapkan atas sesuatu penyakit, semoga sembuh dengan
izin Allah</i>." <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari segi pengobatan maka pencangkokan
itu dapat digolongkan hal yang dianjurkan, melihat pada lafaz Hadist pertama di
atas, yakni bentuk amar (perintah). Hukum yang ditunjuki oleh amar itu wajib.
Melihat jiwa ayat dan hadist di atas, serta mempertahankan qaidah di atas dapat
ditetapkan sementara bahwa hukum pencangkokan adalah wajib, sekurang-kurangnya
sunnah. Tetapi belum dapat berhenti sampai di sini, karena jika dilihat cara
pencangkokan dan macamnya, dokter yang melakukan pencangkokan itu harus
melakukan operasi yang memerlukan pembicaraan tersendiri, apalagi pada
homotransplantsi dengan cadaver donor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam persoalan ini akan dijumpai nash
umum baik Al-Qur'an maupun Sunnah yang melarang adanya pelukaan, pengaliran
darah, khususnya pelukaan terhadap mayat. Al-Qur'an Surat Al-Baqarah ayat 84: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.05pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">õ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">{</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">W</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">@</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">_</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ì</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">é</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">i</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ì</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>§</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">O</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">L</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">h</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">±</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">@</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ñ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Artinya : “<i>dan
(ingatlah), ketika Kami mengambil janji dari kamu (yaitu): kamu tidak akan
menumpahkan darahmu (membunuh orang), dan kamu tidak akan mengusir dirimu
(saudaramu sebangsa) dari kampung halamanmu, kemudian kamu berikrar (akan
memenuhinya) sedang kamu mempersaksikannya.</i>”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hadist Nabi antara lain: "<i>Maka sungguh darah kamu dan harta kamu serta hartabenda kamu diharamkan
bagi kamu (jangan diganggu)</i>".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hadist tentang melukai mayat: "<i>Merusak tulang mayat adalah dosanya seperti
merusak tulang orang yang masih hidup</i>." <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memperhatikan nash-nash di atas, maka terlihat
adanya taa'arudl (kontradiksi) dengan nash sebelumnya yang menganjurkan
berobat. Taa'rudl; karena nash-nash di atas melarang orang mengalirkan darah
atau melukai orang lain, sedang nash sebelumnya menyuruh orang berobat,
termasuk pencangkokan yang pelaksanaannya melukai dan mengalirkan darah orang
lain. Adapun pencangkokan yang tujuannya pengobatan itu, dilakukan dengan
mengadakan operasi jaringan atau organ, bahkan kalau terpaksa dengan organ yang
telah meninggal selaku donornya; hal itu belum ada dalilnya dan perlu dicari. Dalil
yang ada melarang berbuat dan bertindak yang mendatangkan kerusakan. Dalam
mengadakan operasi atau pencangkokan memecahkan tulang atau organ mayatpun
dilarang oleh Hadist di atas karena mendatangkan kerusakan. Maka terlihat dua
masalah yang keduanya akan mendatangkan kerusakan. Yaitu bila tidak dilakukan
pencangkokan akan terdapat kemadharatan yakni kematian, bila dilakukan
pencangkokan akan terpaksa melakukan hal yang mendatangkan kemadharatan yakni
operasi pengambilan jaringan atau organ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari Qaidah Fiqhiyyah didapati qaidah yang relevan
dengan masalah ini, ialah: "<i>Kemadharatan
dihilangkan</i>" dan "<i>Kemadharatan
dihilangkan sedapat mungkin</i>" . Prinsip dalam Hukum Islam, bahwa segala
yang menimbulkan kemadharatan harus dihindari dan diusahakan hilangnya. Untuk
dua masalah kemadharatan digunakan qaidah: "<i>Kemadharatan yang lebih berat dihilangkan dengan kemadharatan yang
lebih ringan</i>".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sehingga
dengan demikian hukum pencangkokan yang dilakukan untuk menyelamatkan jiwa
pasien, dengan tujuan pengobatan untuk menghindari cacat tubuh adalah mubah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan asumsi inilah pembahasan hukum
transplantasi organ dilakukan sebagaimana berikut ini: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.2 Hukum Transplantasi organ ketika masih
hidup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang dimaksud disini adalah donor anggota tubuh bagi
siapa saja yang memerlukan pada saat si donor masih hidup. Donor semacam ini
hukumnya boleh. Karena Allah Swt memperbolehkan memberikan pengampunan terhadap
qisash maupun diyat. Allah Swt berfirman: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.05pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">û</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">G</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">æ</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Þ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Á</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">û</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">:</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ì</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">h</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">:</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">7</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">\</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">W</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">{</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">\</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">W</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">{</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">"</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¼</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">!</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">«</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>7</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">o</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">*</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>3</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">7</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">º</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>×</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">i</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">§</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>×</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>3</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">G</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">7</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">º</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¼</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ë</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ð</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ñ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hai orang-orang
yang beriman, diwajibkan atas kamu qishaash berkenaan dengan orang-orang yang
dibunuh; orang merdeka dengan orang merdeka, hamba dengan hamba, dan wanita
dengan wanita. Maka Barangsiapa yang mendapat suatu pema'afan dari saudaranya,
hendaklah (yang mema'afkan) mengikuti dengan cara yang baik, dan hendaklah
(yang diberi ma'af) membayar (diat) kepada yang memberi ma'af dengan cara yang
baik (pula). yang demikian itu adalah suatu keringanan dari Tuhan kamu dan suatu
rahmat. Barangsiapa yang melampaui batas sesudah itu, Maka baginya siksa yang
sangat pedih.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun, donor seperti ini dibolehkan dengan syarat.
Yaitu, donor tersebut tidak mengakibatkan kematian si pendonor. Misalnya, dia
mendonorkan jantung, limpha atau paru-parunya. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan
kematian pada diri si pendonor. Padahal manusia tidak boleh membunuh dirinya,
atau membiarkan orang lain membunuh dirinya; meski dengan kerelaannya. Allah
Swt berfirman: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ú</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">þ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">2</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ù</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">º</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>M</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">o</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>È</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">@</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ü</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>H</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">c</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¸</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">o</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ú</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">i</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">þ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">V</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ë</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>“<i>Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu
saling memakan harta sesamamu dengan jalan yang batil, kecuali dengan jalan
perniagaan yang Berlaku dengan suka sama-suka di antara kamu. dan janganlah
kamu membunuh dirimu<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>;
Sesungguhnya Allah adalah Maha Penyayang kepadamu</i>.” (an-nisaa ayat : 29)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selanjutnya Allah Swt berfirman: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">*</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">@</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">@</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">P</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">§</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">æ</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">³</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">@</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¾</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">\</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">«</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">©</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>È</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">û</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">º</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">þ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">2</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Æ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">i</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">,</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">·</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">º</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ß</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Æ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ü</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">G</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">[</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">L</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">P</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">§</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ª</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>È</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">d</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">,</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">º</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">8</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¢</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¹</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>¾</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ª</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Katakanlah:
"Marilah kubacakan apa yang diharamkan atas kamu oleh Tuhanmu Yaitu:
janganlah kamu mempersekutukan sesuatu dengan Dia, berbuat baiklah terhadap
kedua orang ibu bapa, dan janganlah kamu membunuh anak-anak kamu karena takut
kemiskinan, Kami akan memberi rezki kepadamu dan kepada mereka, dan janganlah
kamu mendekati perbuatan-perbuatan yang keji, baik yang nampak di antaranya
maupun yang tersembunyi, dan janganlah kamu membunuh jiwa yang diharamkan Allah
(membunuhnya) melainkan dengan sesuatu (sebab) yang benar<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>".
demikian itu yang diperintahkan kepadamu supaya kamu memahami(nya).</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
(Al-an’am ayat 151)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagaimana tidak bolehnya manusia mendonorkan
anggota tubuhnya yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya pencampur-adukan nasab
atau keturunan. Misalnya, donor testis bagi pria atau donor indung telur bagi
perempuan. Sungguh Islam telah melarang untuk menisbahkan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dirinya
pada selain bapak maupun ibunya. Allah Swt berfirman: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">û</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">i</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">¬</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">S</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Æ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">é</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">G</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">é</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">«</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">X</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">\</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">i</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">A</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">c</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>;</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">î</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ë</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">orang-orang
yang menzhihar isterinya di antara kamu, (menganggap isterinya sebagai ibunya,
padahal) Tiadalah isteri mereka itu ibu mereka. ibu-ibu mereka tidak lain
hanyalah wanita yang melahirkan mereka. dan Sesungguhnya mereka sungguh-sungguh
mengucapkan suatu Perkataan mungkar dan dusta. dan Sesungguhnya Allah Maha
Pemaaf lagi Maha Pengampun.</span></i><span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Al-Mujadilah
ayat :2)</span><span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selanjutnya Rasulullah saw bersabda:
"<i>Barang siapa yang menasabkan
dirinya pada selain bapaknya, atau mengurus sesuatu yang bukan urusannya maka
atas orang tersebut adalah laknat Allah, Malaikat dan seluruh manusia</i>".
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagaiman
sabda Nabi saw: "<i>Barang siapa yang
dipanggil dengan (nama) selain bapaknya maka surga haram atasnya</i>" <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Begitu
pula dinyatakan oleh beliau saw: "<i>Wanita
manapun yang telah mamasukkan nasabnya pada suatu kaum padahal bukan bagian
dari kaum tersebut maka dia terputus dari Allah, dia tidak akan masuk surga;
dan laki-laki manapun yang menolak anaknya padahal dia mengetahui (bahwa anak
tersebut anaknya) maka Allah menghijab Diri-Nya dari laki-laki tersebut, dan
Allah akan menelanjangi (aibnya) dihadapan orang-orang yang terdahulu maupun
yang kemudian</i>". <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun donor kedua testis maupun kedua
indung telur, hal tersebut akan mengakibatkan kemandulan; tentu hal ini
bertentangan dengan perintah Islam untuk memelihara keturunan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 3.3
Transplantasi Organ yang dilakukan setelah mati <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun transplantasi setelah berakhirnya
kehidupan; hukumnya berbeda dengan donor ketika (si pendonor) masih hidup.
Dengan asumsi bahwa disini diperlukan adanya penjelasan tentang hukum pemilikan
terhadap tubuh manusia setelah dia mati. Merupakan suatu hal yang tidak
diragukan lagi bahwa setelah kematiannya, manusia telah keluar dari kepemilikan
serta kekuasaannya terhadap semua hal; baik harta, tubuh, maupun istrinya.
Dengan demikian, dia tidak lagi memiliki hak terhadap tubuhnya. Maka ketika dia
memberikan wasiat untuk mendonorkan sebagian anggota tubuhnya, berarti dia
telah mengatur sesuatu yang bukan haknya. Jadi dia tidak lagi diperbolehkan
untuk mendonorkan tubuhnya. Dengan sendirinya wasiatnya dalam hal itu juga
tidak sah. Memang dibolehkan untuk memberikan sebagian hartanya, walaupunl
harta tersebut akan keluar dari kepemilikannya ketika hidupnya berakhir. Tetapi
itu disebabkan karena syara' memberikan izin pada manusia tentang perkara
tersebut. Dan itu merupakan izin khusus pada harta, tentu tidak dapat
diberlakukan terhadap yang lain. Dengan demikian manusia tidak diperbolehkan
memberikan wasiat dengan mendonorkan sebagian anggota tubuhnya setelah dia
mati. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun bagi ahli waris; sesungguhnya
syara' mewariskan pada mereka harta yang diwariskan (oleh si mati). Namun
syara' tidak mewariskan jasadnya kepada mereka, sehingga mereka tidak berhak
untuk mendonorkan apapun dari si mati. Kalau terhadap ahli waris saja demikian,
apalagi dokter atau penguasa, mereka sama sekali tidak berhak untuk mentransplantasikan
organ orang setelah mati pada orang lain yang membutuhkan. Terlebih lagi
terdapat keharusan untuk menjaga kehormatan si mati serta adanya larangan
untukmenyakitinya sebagaimana larangan pada orang yang hidup. Rasulullah saw
bersabda: "<i>Mematahkan tulang orang yang telah mati sama hukumnya dengan memotong
tulangnya ketika ia masih hidup</i>". <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian Rasulullah saw melarang
untuk merampas dan menyakiti (si mati). Memang benar bahwa melampaui batas
terhadap orang mati dengan melukai atau memotong atau bahkan memecahkan
(tulang) tidak ada jaminan (diyat) sebagaimana ketika dia masih hidup. Akan
tetapi jelas bahwa melampaui batas terhadap jasad si mati atau menyakitinya
dengan cara mengambil anggota tubuhnya adalah haram; dan haramnya bersifat pasti
(qath'i). Mengenai keadaan darurat yang telah dijadikan alasan oleh aparat
negara, jajaran humas serta muftinya-yang membolehkan transplantasi; hal
tersebut membutuhkan kajian tentang keadaan darurat serta penerapannya pada
masalah transplantasi organ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sesungguhnya Allah Swt telah membolehkan orang
dalam keadaan darurat hingga kehabisan bekal dan hidupnya terancam kematian
untuk makan apa saja yang dijumpainya. Meski makanan tersebut diharamkan oleh
Allah, namun (dalam kondisi darurat) dimakan sekedar untuk memulihkan tenaganya
serta agar tetap hidup. Maka illat bolehnya makan makanan haram adalah untuk
menjaga (eksistensi) kehidupan manusia. Dengan mengkaji anggota tubuh yang akan
ditransplantasikan, maupun maksud transplantasi maka adakalanya penyelamatan
hidup manusia tergantung pada tranplantasi (tentu berdasarkan dugaan kuat)
seperti jantung, hati maupun kedua ginjal. Atau ada kalanya tranplantasi
anggota tubuh yang tidak berhubungan langsung dengan penyelamatan hidup.
Misalnya tranplantasi kornea, atau pupil atau mata secara keseluruhan dari
orang yang telah mati. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun anggota tubuh yang diduga kuat dapat
menyelamatkan kehidupan manusia maka illat- nya dalam hal ini tidak sempurna.
Karena kadang-kadang berhasil, kadang-kadang juga tidak. Hal ini berbeda dengan
illat memakan bangkai; yang secara pasti mampu menyelamatkan hidup manusia.
Terlebih lagi bahwa sebagian dari illah cabang (<i>'illat al-far'u</i>)-dalam hal ini transplantasi-adalah terbebas dari
pertentangan (dalil) yang lebih kuat, yang mengharuskan kebalikan dari perkara
yang telah ditetapkan oleh <i>'illat qiyas</i>.
<i>'Illat qiyas</i> dalam transplantasiorgan
adalah untuk memelihara kehidupan manusia-sebagaimana pada kasus makan bangkai.
Padahal illat tersebut masih berupa 'diduga kuat'. Ini bertentangan dengan
(dalil) yang lebih kuat yaitu kehormatan jenazah serta larangan menyakiti atau
merusaknya. Berdasarkan hal ini tidak diperbolehkan (haram) melakukan
transplantasi organ; yang dengan transplantasi tersebut kehidupan seseorang
tergantung padanya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedangkan transplantasi organ yang
penyelamatan kehidupan orang tidak tergantung padanya; atau dengan kata lain
kegagalan transplantasi tersebut tidak mengakibatkan kematian, maka <i>illat</i> yang ada pada pokok (<i>'illah al-ashl</i>) -pemeliharaan terhadap
kehidupan manusia-tidak ada. Dengan begitu hukum darurat tidak berlaku disini.
Dengan demikian maka tidak diperbolehkan melakukan tranplantasi organ dari
seseorang yang telah mati; sementara dia terpelihara darahnya-baik muslim,
kafir dzimmi, mu'ahid maupun musta'min-pada orang lain yang kehidupannya
tergantung pada (keberhasilan) tranplantasi organ tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Transplantasi organ adalah transplantasi
atau pemindahan seluruh atau sebagian organ dari satu tubuh ke tubuh yang lain,
atau dari suatu tempat ke tempat yang lain pada tubuh yang sama. Transplantasi
ini ditujukan untuk menggantikan organ yang rusak atau tak befungsi pada
penerima dengan organ lain yang masih berfungsi dari donor. Donor organ dapat
merupakan orang yang masih hidup ataupun telah meninggal. Penggunaan organ
tubuh mayat manusia untuk pengobatan manusia dan untuk kelangsungan hidupnya
merupakan suatu kemaslahatan yang dituntut syarak. Oleh sebab itu, menurutnya,
dalam keadaan darurat organ tubuh mayat boleh dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan.
Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan organ tubuh mayat manusia sebagai obat tersebut harus
memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengobatan tidak bisa dilakukan, kecuali
dengan organ tubuh mayat manusia;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manusia yang diobati itu adalah orang
yang haram darahnya (seorang muslim yang memelihara kehormatannya); apabila
jiwa yang akan diselamatkan itu adalah orang yang halal darahnya (seperti
seseorang yang telah melakukan pembunuhan dan akan dikenakan hukuman kisas,
atau seseorang yang akan dikenai hukuman rajam karena berbuat zina), maka
pemanfaatan organ tubuh mayat tidak dibolehkan baginya; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penggunaan organ tubuh manusia itu
benar-benar dalam keadaan darurat; dan penggunaan organ tubuh mayat manusia itu
mendapatkan izin dari orang tersebut (sebelum ia wafat) atau dari ahli warisnya
(setelah ia wafat). Kalangan ulama mazhab juga sependapat untuk tidak
membolehkan transplantasi organ tubuh manusia yang dalam keadaan koma atau
hampirmeninggal (tipe kedua). Sekalipun harapan hidup bagi orang tersebut
sangat kecil, ia harus dihormati sebagai manusia sempurna. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam kaitan dengan ini, Ibnu
Nujaim (w. 970 H/1563 M) dan Ibnu Abidin (1198 H/1784 M-1252 H/1836 M), dua
tokoh fikih Mazhab Hanafi, menyatakan bahwa organ tubuh manusia yang masih
hidup tidak boleh dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan manusia lainnya, karena kaidah
fikih menyatakan: "<i>suatu mudarat
tidak bisa dihilangkan dengan mudarat lainnya</i>." Pernyataan senada juga
muncul dari Ibnu Qudamah, tokoh fikih Mazhab Hanbali, dan Imam an-Nawawi, tokoh
fikih Mazhab Syafi'i. Akan tetapi, para ulama fikih berbeda pendapat mengenai
pengambilan organ tubuh untuk pengobatan dari orang yang telah dijatuhi hukuman
mati, seperti orang yang dikisas, dirajam karena berbuat zina, atau murtad.
Jumhur ulama Mazhab Hanafi, Mazhab Maliki, dan Mazhab az-Zahiri, berpendapat
bahwa sekalipun orang tersebut telah dijatuhi hukuman mati, bagian tubuhnya
tidak boleh dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan, walaupun dalam keadaan darurat.
Sebaliknya, ulama Mazhab Syafi'i dan Mazhab Hanbali berpendirian bahwa dalam
keadaan darurat organ tubuh orang yang telah dijatuhi hukuman mati boleh
dimanfaatkan untuk penyembuhan orang lain, dengan syarat bahwa pengambilan
organ tersebut dilakukan setelah ia wafat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam kaitan dengan ini, menurut
Abu Hasan Ali asy-Syazili, tidak ada salahnya apabila dokter melakukan
pemeriksaan organ tubuh terpidana, apakah bisa ditransplantasi atau tidak,
sehingga pengambilan organ tersebut tidak sia-sia. Di samping itu, pengambilan
organ tubuh tersebut harus diawasi oleh hakim dan dilakukan di bawah koordinasi
dokter-dokter spesialis. Memperjual-belikan dan Menyumbangkan Organ Tubuh.
Persoalan lain yang menyangkut transplantasi organ tubuh adalah jual-beli atau
sumbang organ tubuh kepada orang yang memerlukannya. Dalam berbagai literatur
fikih ditemukan pernyataan para ulama fikih yang tidak membolehkan seseorang
memperjualbelikan organ tubuhnya karena hal itu bisa mencelakakan dirinya
sendiri. Sikap mencelakakan diri sendiri dikecam oleh Allah SWT melalui
firman-Nya dalam surah al-Baqarah (2) ayat 195 tersebut di atas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jamaluddin Abu Muhammad Abdullah
bin Yusuf bin Muhammad Ayyub bin Musa al-Hanafi az-Zaila'i (w. 762 H/1360 M),
tokoh fikih Mazhab Hanafi dalam kitab fikihnya, Path al-Qadir, menyatakan bahwa
ulama Mazhab Hanafi sepakat menyatakan bahwa tidak boleh memperjualbelikan
organ tubuh manusia. Pernyataan senada juga muncul dari Imam al-Qarafi (w. 684
H/1285 M) dari kalangan Mazhab Maliki, Imam Badruddin az-Zarkasyi (745-794 H)
dari kalangan Mazhab Syafi'i, dan Ibnu Qudamah dari kalangan Mazhab Hanbali.
Organ tubuh manusia, menurut mereka, merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan
dari manusia itu sendiri, karena masing-masing organ tubuh mempunyai fungsi
yang melekat dengan manusia itu sendiri. Oleh sebab itu, memperjualbelikan
bagiannya sama dengan memperjualbelikan manusia itu sendiri. Memperjualbelikan
manusia diharamkan oleh syarak. Pendapat senada juga dikemukakan ulama Mazhab
az-Zahiri. Menurut mereka, seluruh benda yang haram dimakan, haram pula
diperjualbelikan. Pembahasan tentang menyumbangkan organ tubuh manusia untuk
kepentingan pengobatan orang lain dimulai oleh para ulama fikih berdasarkan dua
kaidah populer: (1) setiap yang boleh diperjualbelikan, boleh disumbangkan; dan
(2) orang yang tidak memiliki hak untuk bertindak hukum pada suatu benda, tidak
boleh memberi izin (memanfaatkan benda itu) kepada orang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kaidah pertama menunjukkan bahwa
setiap benda yang boleh diperjualbelikan boleh pula disumbangkan. Dalam
pembahasan di atas, seluruh ulama fikih menyatakan bahwa organ tubuh manusia
tidak boleh diperjualbelikan. Berdasarkan kaidah kedua, menurut para ulama
fikih, seseorang tidak memiliki hak bertindak hukum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 3.4
Hukum Transplantasi Organ Dari Organ Non-Muslim<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencangkok (transplantasi) organ dari
tubuh seorang nonmuslim kepada tubuh seorang muslim pada dasarnya tidak terlarang.
Mengapa? Karena organ tubuh manusia tidak diidentifikasi sebagai Islam atau
kafir, ia hanya merupakan alat bagi manusia yang dipergunakannya sesuai dengan
akidah dan pandangan hidupnya. Apabila suatu organ tubuh dipindahkan dari orang
kafir kepada orang Muslim, maka ia menjadi bagian dari wujud si muslim itu dan
menjadi alat baginya untuk menjalankan misi hidupnya, sebagaimana yang
diperintahkan Allah SWT. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal ini sama dengan orang muslim yang
mengambil senjata orang kafir. Dan mempergunakannya untuk berperang fi
sabilillah. Bahkan sesungguhnya semua organ di dalam tubuh seorang kafir itu
adalah pada hakikatnya muslim (tunduk dan menyerah kepada Allah). Karena organ
tubuh itu adalah makhluk Allah, di mana benda-benda itu bertasbih dan bersujud
kepada Allah SWT, hanya saja kita tidak mengerti cara mereka bertasbih. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kekafiran atau keIslaman seseorang tidak
berpengaruh terhadap organ tubuhnya, termasuk terhadap hatinya (organnya)
sendiri. Memang AL-Quran sering menyebut istilah hati yang sering diklasifikasikan
sehat dan sakit, iman dan ragu, mati dan hidup. Namun sebenarnya yang dimaksud
di sini bukanlah organ tubuh yang dapat diraba (ditangkap dengan indra), bukan
yang termasuk bidang garap dokter spesialis dan ahli anatomi. Sebab yang
demikian itu tidak berbeda antara yang beriman dan yang kafir, serta antara
yang taat dan yang bermaksiat. Tetapi yang dimaksud dengan hati orang kafir di
dalam istilah Al-Quran adalah makna ruhiyahnya, yang dengannya manusia merasa,
berpikir, dan memahami sesuatu, sebagaimana firman Allah: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">o</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">û</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ú</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">{</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">G</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">l</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">;</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">5</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>×</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">o</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">5</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">X</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">*</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Á</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">{</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ü</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">L</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">û</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Á</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maka
Apakah mereka tidak berjalan di muka bumi, lalu mereka mempunyai hati yang
dengan itu mereka dapat memahami atau mempunyai telinga yang dengan itu mereka
dapat mendengar? karena Sesungguhnya bukanlah mata itu yang buta, tetapi yang
buta, ialah hati yang di dalam dada.</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
(QS. Al-Hajj: 46)</span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ù</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">f</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">W</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">2</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Æ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">i</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">d</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">:</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">§</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">M</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">}</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">l</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">;</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">c</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">5</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">l</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">;</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>×</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">û</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ü</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">7</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">5</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">l</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">m</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">;</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>×</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">K</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">o</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">5</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">7</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">´</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">é</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">{</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">@</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">@</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ê</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">7</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">´</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">é</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">c</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ð</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan
Sesungguhnya Kami jadikan untuk (isi neraka Jahannam) kebanyakan dari jin dan
manusia, mereka mempunyai hati, tetapi tidak dipergunakannya untuk memahami
(ayat-ayat Allah) dan mereka mempunyai mata (tetapi) tidak dipergunakannya untuk
melihat (tanda-tanda kekuasaan Allah), dan mereka mempunyai telinga (tetapi)
tidak dipergunakannya untuk mendengar (ayat-ayat Allah). mereka itu sebagai
binatang ternak, bahkan mereka lebih sesat lagi. mereka Itulah orang-orang yang
lalai.</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (QS. Al-A`raf:
179)</span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lalu bagaimana dengan firman Allah SWT
yang menyebutkan bahwa Orang musyrik itu najis? Benar bahwa Allah SWT telah
menyebutkan bahwa orang musyrik itu najis,
sebagaimana disebutkan di dalam Al-Quran: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ú</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">%</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">þ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¯</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">c</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">³</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">§</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">p</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">w</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">U</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">f</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">P</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">g</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>÷</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">z</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>\</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">'</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">¡</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ó</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ª</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>`</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>ÿ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">¾</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">&</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">#</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>b</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>u</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ä</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">©</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>4</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">c</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span>©</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>í</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">æ</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ò</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Ç</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ë</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ñ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hai orang-orang yang
beriman, Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang musyrik itu najis<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
Maka janganlah mereka mendekati Masjidilharam<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
sesudah tahun ini<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. dan jika kamu
khawatir menjadi miskin. Maka Allah nanti akan memberimu kekayaan kepadamu dari
karuniaNya, jika Dia menghendaki. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha mengetahui lagi Maha
Bijaksana.</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
(QS. At-Taubah: 28)</span></b><span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun para ulama sepakat mengatakan
bahwa 'najis' dalam ayat tersebut bukanlah dimaksudkan untuk najis indrawi yang
berhubungan Dengan badan, melainkan najis maknawi yang berhubungan dengan hati
dan akal (pikiran). Karena itu tidak terdapat larangan bagi orang muslim untuk
memanfaatkan organ tubuh orang nonmuslim, apabila memang diperlukan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB Iv<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4.1 KESIMPULAN
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari penjelasan di atas penulis
mengesimpulkan bahwa transplantasi dalam hukum Islam terjadi pertentangan di
antara kalangan ulama apakah Boleh melakukan transplantasi atau tidak. Dalam
hal ini masih terjadi perbedaan pendapat antar ulama. Allahu 'alam bissawab. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.2 SARAN
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kita sebagai orang muslim harus memahami
dengan seksama hukum- hukum islam mengenai transplantasi, khususnya sebagai
calon perawat yang bekerja di bidang kesehatan yang banyak terdapat
pertentangan dengan agama. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Al-Qaulul Mubin fi Akhth'ail Mushallin, Abu Ubaidah Masyhur bin Hasan bin Mahmud Salman. <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Syarh Riyadhus Shalihin, Syaikh Muham-mad bin Shalih Al-'Utsaimin. <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sifat Shaum Nabi, Syaikh Ali Hasan dan Salim bin 'Id Al-Hilaly. <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sifat Shalat Nabi, Syaikh Al-Albany. <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Manhajul Anbiya' fi Tazkiyatin Nufus, Salim bin 'Id Al-Hilaly. <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></pre>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hadis Shahih Bukhari-Muslim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kitab Al-Mazmu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kitab Zadul ma’dad<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Abu
Bakr Jabir al-Jazairi, <em>Minhaajul Muslim</em>, atau <em>Ensiklopedi Muslim:
Minhajul Muslim</em>, terj. Fadhli Bahri (Darul Falah, 2002), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://surabaya.detik.com/read/2010/04/24/123339/1344593/466/dihadiri-wagub-jatim-berharap-cangkok-hatilancar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://surabaya.detik.com/read/2010/04/24/123339/1344593/466/dihadiri-wagub-jatim-berharap-cangkok-hatilancar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.mahadalyalfithrah.co.cc/2010/04/hukum-transplantasi-dalam-hukum-islam.html"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.mahadalyalfithrah.co.cc/2010/04/hukum-transplantasi-dalam-hukum-islam.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://baim32.multiply.com/journal/item/76/Transplantasi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://zamzamisaleh.blogspot.com/2009/06/hukum-transplantasi-dalam-islam.html<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif";">Larangan membunuh diri sendiri
mencakup juga larangan membunuh orang lain, sebab membunuh orang lain berarti
membunuh diri sendiri, karena umat merupakan suatu kesatuan.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Maksudnya yang dibenarkan oleh syara'
seperti qishash membunuh orang murtad, rajam dan sebagainya.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif";">Maksudnya: jiwa musyrikin itu
dianggap kotor, karena menyekutukan Allah.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif";">Maksudnya: tidak dibenarkan
mengerjakan haji dan umrah. menurut Pendapat sebagian mufassirin yang lain,
ialah kaum musyrikin itu tidak boleh masuk daerah Haram baik untuk keperluan
haji dan umrah atau untuk keperluan yang lain.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///D:/DATA/KULIAH/VII/usfik/makalah%20pandanga%20islam%20tentang%20transpantasi%20organ.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif";">Maksudnya setelah tahun 9 Hijrah.</span></div>
</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-17092099610087282242012-05-12T10:00:00.000-07:002012-05-12T10:00:01.597-07:00MAKALAH PENGELOLAAN PENDIDIKAN - PEMASARAN JASA PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t136"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="136" adj="10800" path="m@7,l@8,m@5,21600l@6,21600e">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="sum #0 0 10800"/>
<v:f eqn="prod #0 2 1"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @2"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 @3"/>
<v:f eqn="if @0 @3 0"/>
<v:f eqn="if @0 21600 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="if @0 0 @2"/>
<v:f eqn="if @0 @4 21600"/>
<v:f eqn="mid @5 @6"/>
<v:f eqn="mid @8 @5"/>
<v:f eqn="mid @7 @8"/>
<v:f eqn="mid @6 @7"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @6 0 @5"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path textpathok="t" o:connecttype="custom" o:connectlocs="@9,0;@10,10800;@11,21600;@12,10800"
o:connectangles="270,180,90,0"/>
<v:textpath on="t" fitshape="t"/>
<v:handles>
<v:h position="#0,bottomRight" xrange="6629,14971"/>
</v:handles>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" text="t" shapetype="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t136" style='width:395.25pt;
height:84.75pt' fillcolor="#b2b2b2" strokecolor="#33c" strokeweight="1pt">
<v:fill opacity=".5"/>
<v:shadow on="t" color="#99f" offset="3pt"/>
<v:textpath style='font-family:"Arial Black";v-text-kern:t' trim="t"
fitpath="t" string="PEMASARAN JASA PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMASARAN JASAPENDIDIKAN MADRASAH</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diajukan untuk memenuhi tugas pengelolaan pendidikan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Disusun oleh:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pipih Latipah 208
204 132<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">BANDUNG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2010</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMASARAN JASA
PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PENGERTIAN
PEMASARAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secara
umum pengertian pemasaran adalah suatu proses sosial dan manajerial yang
melibatkan kegiatan-kegiatan penting yang memungkinkan individu dan kelompok
mendapatkan kebutuhan dan keinginan melalui pertukaran dengan pihak lain dan
untuk mengembangkan hubungan pertukaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berikut
tiga unsur utama dalam pemasaran atau STV Triangel:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Unsur strategi
persaingan meliputi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Segmentasi pasar,
tindakan mengidentifikasi dan membentuk kelompok pembeli atau konsumen secara
terpisah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Targetting, yaitu
tindakan memilih satu atau lebih segmen pasar yang akan dimasuki.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Positioning, yaitu
penetapan posisi pasar. Tujuannya adalah untuk membangun dan mengkomuinikasikan
keunggulan bersaing produk yang ada di pasar ke dalam benak konsumen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Unsur taktik
pemasaran meliputi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Selling, yang
terkait dengan penjualan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Differensiasi, yang
terkait dengan cara membangun strategi pemasaran di berbagai aspek perusahaan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bauran pemasaran,
terkait dengan kegiatan mengenai produk, harga, promosi, dan tempat atau yang
lebih dikenal dengan sebutan 4P, yaitu product, price, promotion, dan untuk
bauran pemasaran barang dan 7P yaitu product (produk jasa), person (sumber daya
jasa), physical evidance (bukti fisik atau sarana prasarana jasa), dan process
(manajemen layanan jasa) untuk pemasaran jasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Unsur nilai
pemasaran yang berkaitan dengan brand, service, dan process. Dalam nilai
pemasaran, merk mempunyai arti penting bagi konsumen, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebagai
identifikasi untuk membedakan antara satu produk dengan produk lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebagai garansi
atas kualitas dan kinerja dari produk yang akan dibeli.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Merk memberi status
dan image pada seseorang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Merk memberi arti
emosional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">KONSEP INTI
PEMASARAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kebutuhan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep
dasar yang melandasi pemasaran adalah kebutuhan manusia. Kebutuhan manusia
adalah pernyataan dari rasa kehilangan, dan manusia mempunyai banyak kebutuhan
yang kompleks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keinginan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keinginan
adalah bentuk kebutuhan manusia yang dihasilkan oleh budaya dan kepribadian
individual. Keinginan digambarkan dalam bentuk objek yang akan memuaskan
kebutuhan mereka atau keinginan adalah hasrat akan penawar kebutuhan yang
spesifik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Permintaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Permintaan
yaitu keinginan manusia akan produk spesifik yang didukung oleh kemampuan dan
ketersediaan untuk membelinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Produk (organisasi, jasa, ide)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Produk
yaitu segala sesuatu yang dapat
ditawarkan oleh perusahaan kepada pasar untuk diperhatikan, untuk dimilki atau
dikonsumsi sehingga dapat memuaskan kebutuhan sekaligus keinginannya. Contoh :
perusahaan manufaktur menyediakan barang (komputer, monitor, printer), jasa
(pengiriman, pemasangan, pelatihan, perbaikan, dan pemeliharaan), ide atau
gagasan (kekuatan/keunggulan jenis komputer).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nilai pelanggan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nilai
bagi pelanggan adalah selisih antara nilai total yang dinikmati pelanggan
karena memilki serta menggunakan suatu produk dan biaya total yang menyertai
produk tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nilai
total antara lain nilai dari produk, jasa, personil pemasar, biaya waktu, biaya
energi yang dikeluarkan, biaya psikis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kepuasan pelanggan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kepuasan
pelanggan berkaitan erat dengan mutu. TQM adalah respons terhadap kepuasan
pelanggan. Total Quality Management (TQM) yaitu program yang dirancang untuk
memperbaiki mutu produk, jasa dan proses pemasaransecara terus menerus.
Komitmen TQM adalah fokus terhadap pelanggan, dan memiliki obsesi yang tinggi
terhadap kualitas.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pertukaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pertukaran
adalah tindakan untuk memperoleh barang yang dikehendaki dari seseorang dengan
menawarkan sesuatu sebagai imbalan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Transaksi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Transaksi
adalah perdagangan antara dua pihak, yang paling sedikit melibatkan dua macam
nilai, persetujuan mengenai kondisi, waktu dan tempat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hubungan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hubungan
adalah proses menciptakan, memelihara dan meningkatkan hubungan erat yang
semakin bernilai dengan pelanggan dan pihak-pihak ytang berkepentingan yang
lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jaringan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jaringan
terdiri dari perusahaan dan semua pihak pendukung: pelanggan, supplier,
distributor, pengecer, agen iklan, ilmuwan dan pihak lain yang bersama-samadenga
perusahaan telah membangun hubungan bisnis yang saling menguntungkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pasar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pasar
terdiri dari semua pelanggan potensial yang memilki kebutuhan atau keingina
tertentu yang sama, yang mungkin bersedia dan mampu melaksanakan pertukaran
untuk memuaskan kebutuhan dan keingina itu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemasar dan calon pembeli<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Calon
pembeli adalah seseorang yang diidentifikasikan oleh pemasar sebagai orang yang
mungkin bersedia dan mampu terlibat dalam pertukaran tersebut. Berikut adalah
gambar konsep inti pemasaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1026"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-37.65pt;
margin-top:2.1pt;width:462.75pt;height:131.25pt;z-index:1' coordorigin="1470,3255"
coordsize="9255,2625">
<v:shapetype id="_x0000_t202" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="202" path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:4095;top:4935;width:1350;height:945' fillcolor="#ffc000">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ansi-language:IN'>pasar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:1470;top:4935;width:1935;height:945' fillcolor="#ffc000">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ansi-language:IN'>Pemasaran
dan calon pembeli<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:6120;top:4935;width:1740;height:945' fillcolor="#ffc000">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ansi-language:IN'>Hubungan
dan jaringan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1030" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:8610;top:4935;width:1770;height:945' fillcolor="#ffc000">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ansi-language:IN'>Pertukaran
dan transaksi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t32" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="32"
o:oned="t" path="m,l21600,21600e" filled="f">
<v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" shapetype="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1031" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:9420;top:4230;width:15;height:705' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1032" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:7860;top:5385;width:750;height:0;flip:x' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1033" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:5445;top:5385;width:675;height:0;flip:x' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1034" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:3405;top:5385;width:690;height:0;flip:x' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1035" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:1470;top:3255;width:2460;height:945' fillcolor="#ffc000">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-ansi-language:IN'>Kebutuhan, keinginan, dan permintaan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1036" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:3930;top:3720;width:1005;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1037" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:8265;top:3270;width:2460;height:945' fillcolor="#ffc000">
<v:textbox style='mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1037'>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ansi-language:IN'>Nilai
kepuasaan pelanggan dan mutu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1038" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:4935;top:3270;width:2265;height:945' fillcolor="#ffc000">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ansi-language:IN'>Produk
(organisasi jasa dan ide)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1039" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:7200;top:3720;width:1065;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape></v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 183px; left: -51px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 2px; width: 623px; z-index: 1;"><img height="181" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027 _x0000_s1028 _x0000_s1029 _x0000_s1030 _x0000_s1031 _x0000_s1032 _x0000_s1033 _x0000_s1034 _x0000_s1035 _x0000_s1036 _x0000_s1037 _x0000_s1038 _x0000_s1039" width="623" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMASARAN JASA
PENDIDIKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jasa
adalah setiap tindakan atau kinerja yang ditawarkan oleh satu pihak pada pihak
lainnya yang secara prinsip tidak berwujud dan tidak menyebabkan kepindahan
kepemilikan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jasa
pendidikan mempunyai karakteristik sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lebih bersifat
tidak berwujud daripada berwujud<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Produksi dan
Konsumsi bersamaan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kurang memilki
standar dan keseragaman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemasaran
dalam konteks jasa pendidikan adalah sebuah proses sosial dan manajerial untuk
mendapatkan apa yang dibutuhkan dan diinginkan melalui penciptaan penawaran,
pertukaran produk yang bernilai dengan pihal lain dalam bidang pendidikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">KEPUASAN
PELANGGAN PENDIDIKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kepuasan
merupakan respons konsumen yang sudah terpenuhi keinginannya tentang penggunaan
barang atau jasa yang mereka pakai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam
konteks pendidikan/sekolah kepuasan pelanggan dapat dilihat dari beberapa
komponen sebagaimana dalam tabel:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komponen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Indikator-indikator<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karakteristik
barang dan jasa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nama madrasah
yang dikenal, staf pengajar yang kompeten, dan hubungan dengan lembaga luar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Emosi pelanggan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Motivasi siswa
dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Atribut-atribut
pendukung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Promosi di bidang
jasa madrasah, lulusan yang dihasilkan, dan prestasi-prestasi yang dicapai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Persepsi terhadap
pelayanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penerimaan
pelayanan oleh siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pelanggan lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penyebarluasan
informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">6.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Manfaat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fungsional <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Emosional <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Moneter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Waktu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Energi dan fisik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">LOYALITAS
PELANGGAN PENDIDIKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian
Loyalitas pelanggan adalah bahwa kesetiaan pelanggan diukur dengan frekuensi
penggunaan atau proporsi penggunaan kembali (re-use) sebuah jasa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keuntungan
memilki sejumlah siswa yang loyal terhadap lembaga sekolah/madrasah adalah
memberikan citra bahwa jasa pendidikan yang ditawarkan tersebut dapat diterima
dan dikenal oleh masyarakat luas, memiliki reputasi baik, dan sanggup untuk
memberikan dukungan layanan dan peningkatan mutu pendidikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adapun
komponen loyalitas pendidikan adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komponen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Indikator-indikator<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pembelian ulang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Frekuensi
mengikuti KBM rutin yang diselenggarakan madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Frekuensi
pemberian saran kepada madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penciptaan
prospek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Frekuensi
menyarankan ke orang lain untuk sekolah di madrasah ini<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kekebalan
terhadap pesaing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kekuatan/kepercayaan
siswa untuk tidak pindah ke sekolah lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tingkat
kebanggaan/konsistensi siswa atas daya tarik sekolah lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hubungan harmonis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perhatian
pimpinan dan guru terhadap keluhan dan harapan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pegawai/staf
administrasi madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penyampaian
positif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memberikan
informasi tentang hal-hal positif mengenai madrasah ininkepada:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Teman,
saudara/kerabat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lembaga
pendidikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">6.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hambatan untuk
berpindah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keengganan
mahasiswa untuk berpindah dari madrasah ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pameran
pendidikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lomba karya
ilmiah remaja (KIR)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mengadakan kontak
dengan lembaga pendidikan lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 227.55pt;" valign="top" width="303">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tetap bertahan di
madrasah/sekolah/PT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">MARKETING MIX
(BAURAN PEMASARAN) JASA PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam
konteks pendidikan, bauran pemasaran (marketing mix) adalah unsur-unsur yang
sangat penting dan dapat dipadukan sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat menghasilkan
strategi pemasaran yang dapat digunakan untuk memenangkan persaingan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bauran
pendidikan terdiri dari 7P, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Product (produk);
jasa seperti apa yang ditawarkan, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Price (harga);
strategi penentuan harganya, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Place
(lokasi/tempat); dimana tempat jasa diberikan, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Promotion
(promosi); bagaimana promosi dilakukan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">People (SDM);
kualitas, kualifikasi, dan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh orang yang terlibat
dalam pemberian jasa, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Physical Evidence (bukti
fisik); sarana-prasarana, seperti apa yang dimiliki, dan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Process; manajemen
layanan pembelajaran yang diberikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adapun komponen bauran pemasaran (marketing mix)
pendidikan (sekolah/madrasah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komponen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sub variabel<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Indikator-indikator<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Produk jasa madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pilihan konsentrasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Variasi pilihan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nama madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Reputasi, prospek madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Harga jasa madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penetapan harga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">SPP, biaya pembangunan, biaya laboratorium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diskon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Beasiswa <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pembayaran <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prosedur pembayaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Syarat kredit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Syarat kredit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lokasi jasa madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lingkungan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dekat dengan pusat kota, luas lahan parkir dan kondusif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Transportasi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Angkutan umum dan tingkat kemacetan rendah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Promosi jasa madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Advertising <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Iklan TV, radio billboard, brosur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Promosi penjualan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pameran, invitasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penjualan tatap muka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontak langsung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hubungan masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kegiatan hubungan masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Person/ SDM jasa madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Admistrator <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kompetensi administrasi yang profesional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Guru <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kompetensi guru yang profesional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karyawan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kompetensi karyawan yang profesional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">6. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bukti fisik/sarana prasarana jasa madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gaya bangunan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kesesuaian segi estetika dan fungsional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fasilitas penunjang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sarana pendidikan, peribadatan, olahraga dan keamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">7. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses/ jasa layanan madrasah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kualitas jasa KBM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses KBM, kualitas KBM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.75pt;" valign="top" width="45">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Reliability, responsiveness, assurance, dan emphaty<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: -63.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">LANGKAH-LANGKAH
STRATEGI PEMASARAN SEKOLAH/MADRASAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Identifikasi pasar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam konteks pendidikan madrasah, identifikasi dapat
dilakukan dengan melihat bahwa lembaga pendidikan madrasah sesungguhnya
mempunyai kapasitas dan potensi besar dalam upaya ikut mencerdaskan kehidupan
bangsa dan mensukseskan program wajib belajar nasional, disamping madrasah
telah lama mengakar di masyarakat bawah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Madrasah berada pada segmen pasar emosional. Pelanggan
atau pendaftar ke pendidikan madrasah adalah mereka yang mempunyai keterkaitan
religius, orangtua yang alumni madrasah, pernah menempuh pendidikan pesantren,
jamaah pengajian atau majlis ta’lim, dan masyarakat umum yang sudah melakukan
“pertobatan” yang menganggap penting penanaman akhlak, etika religius dan
dasar-dasar agama yang memadai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Segmentasi pasar dan positioning<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Segmentasi
pasar adalah membagi pasar menjadi kelompok pembeli yang dibedakan berdasarkan
kebutuhan, karakteristik, atau tingkah laku yang mungkin membutuhkan produk
yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Differensiasi produk<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Differensiasi merupakan salah satu dari tiga strategi
pemasaran sebagai strategi bersaing, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Differensiasi,
adalah strategi memberikan penawaran yang berbeda dibandingkan penawaran yang
diberikan oleh kompetitor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keunggulan biaya,
adalah strategi mengefisienkan seluruh biaya produksi sehingga menghasilkan
produk atau jasa yang bisa dijual lebih murah dibandingkan pesaing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fokus, adalah
strategi menggarap satu target market khusus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komunikasi pemasaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komunikasi
pemasaran pendidikan dapat menggunakan strategi komunikasi proaktif, khusus
yang berkenaan dengan action strategy yang terdiri dari:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Organizational
performances, meyakinkan publik bahwa organisasi memilki kualitas yang terbaik
bagi konsumen, yakni dengan membuktikan atau mengkomunikasikan bahwa sekolah
kita adalah yang berkualitas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Audience
participation, menggunakan taktik komunikasi dua arah dan melakukan aktivitas
dari publik yang berkepentingan untuk secara langsung melakukan kontak dengan
produk atau jasa yang dihasilkan organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Special events,
misalnya dengan mengadakan open house, mengikuti education expo dan melakukan
education gathering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliances and
coalitions, misalnya dengan melakukan kerja sama dengan sekolah lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sponsorship, untuk
kegiatan-kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan tujuan ataupun sasaran program.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">f)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Strategic
philanthropy, ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh keuntungan berupa reputasi yang
baik atau biasa disebut dengan corporate social responsibility (CRS), yakni
dengan memberikan beasiswa berupa beasiswa penuh dan beasiswa berupa potongan
50% biaya sekolah untuk anak-anak berprestasi di sekolah dan yang tidak mampu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pelayanan sekolah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap organisasi jasa,
termasuk sekolah didapati beberapa ciri organisasi jasa yang baik, yaitu
memilki (kotler, 2000)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep strategis
yang memilki fokus kepada konsumen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komitmen kualitas
dari manajemen puncak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sistem untuk
memonitor kinerja jasa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sistem untuk
memuaskan keluhan pelanggan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memuaskan karyawan
sama dengan pelanggan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">MEMBUAT CITRA
(IMAGE) BAIK TERHADAP MADRASAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lembaga
pendidikan (sekolah/madrasah) harus berusaha menciptakan image (citra) positif
di hati masyarakat, sehingga masyarakat dapat membuat keputusan untuk
mendaftarkan putra-putri mereka masuk ke lembaga pendidikan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 279.75pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 279.75pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">LAMPIRAN DASAR HUKUM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 279.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-5110765712615551602012-05-12T09:56:00.000-07:002012-05-12T09:56:31.297-07:00[Makalah] Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran di Sekolah<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">[Makalah]
Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran di Sekolah</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US">Oleh : Mustakim, S.Pd.,M</span></b><b>M</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I. Pendahuluan</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="belajar di sekolah" style='width:63pt;height:75pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title="belajar di sekolah"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="belajar di sekolah" height="100" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="84" /><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan
merupakan faktor utama dalam pembentukkan pribadi manusia. Pendidikan sangat
berperan dalam membentuk baik atau buruknya pribadi manusia menurut ukuran
normatif. Menyadari akan hal tersebut, pemerintah sangat serius menangani
bidang pendidikan, sebab dengan sistem pendidikan yang baik diharapkan muncul
generasi penerus bangsa yang berkualitas dan mampu menyesuaikan diri untuk
hidup bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Reformasi pendidikan merupakan
respon terhadap perkembangan tuntutan global sebagai suatu upaya untuk
mengadaptasikan sistem pendidikan yang mampu mengembangkan sumber daya manusia
untuk memenuhi tuntutan zaman yang sedang berkembang. Melalui reformasi
pendidikan, pendidikan harus berwawasan masa depan yang memberikan jaminan bagi
perwujudan hak-hak azasi manusia untuk mengembangkan seluruh potensi dan
prestasinya secara optimal guna kesejahteraan hidup di masa depan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan pada dasarnya
merupakan suatu usaha pengembangan sumber daya manusia ( SDM ), walaupun usaha
pengembangan SDM tidak hanya dilakukan melalui pendidikan khususnya pendidikan
formal ( sekolah ). Tetapi sampai detik ini, pendidikan masih dipandang sebagai
sarana dan wahana utama untuk pengembangan SDM yang dilakukan dengan
sistematis, programatis, dan berjenjang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kemajuan pendidikan dapat
dilihat dari kemampuan dan kemauan dari masyarakat untuk menangkap proses
informatisasi dan kemajuan teknologi. Karena Proses informatisasi yang cepat
karena kemajuan teknologi semakin membuat horizon kehidupan didunia semakin
meluas dan sekaligus semakin mengerut. Hal ini berarti berbagai masalah
kehidupan manusia menjadi masalah global atau setidak-tidaknya tidak dapat
dilepaskan dari pengaruh kejadian dibelahan bumi yang lain, baik masalah
politik, ekonomi , maupun sosial.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sejalan dengan hal diatas,
Tilaar menyatakan bahwa :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">“
Kesetiakawanan sosial umat manusia semakin kental, hal ini berarti kepedulian
umat manusia terhadap sesamanya semakin merupakan tugas setiap manusia, pemerintah,
dan sistem pendidikan nasional. Selanjutnya dikatakan pula bahwa pendidikan
bertugas untuk mengembangkan kesadaran akan tanggung jawab setiap warga Negara
terhadap kelanjutan hidupnya, bukan saja terhadap lingkungan masyarakat dan
Negara, juga umat manusia.” (H.A.R Tilaar , 2004 : 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas,
bahwa manusia tidak dapat hidup sendiri tanpa bantuan orang lain; setiap
manusia akan selalu membutuhkan dan berinteraksi dengan orang lain dalam
berbagai segi kehidupan. Kesetiakawanan sosial yang merupakan bagian dari
proses pendidikan dan pembelajaran mempunyai peranan yang sangat kuat bagi
individu untuk berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi untuk mencapai tujuan hidupnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dalam proses pelaksanaannya di
lapangan, kesetiakawanan sosial diwujudkan melalui interaksi antarmanusia, baik
individu dengan individu, individu dengan kelompok, dan kelompok dengan
kelompok.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Interaksi antarmanusia dapat
terjadi dalam berbagai segi kehidupan di belahan bumi, baik dibidang
pendidikan,ekonomi, sosial, politik budaya, dan sebagainya. Interaksi di bidang
pendidikan dapat diwujudkan melalui interaksi siswa dengan siswa, siswa dengan
guru, siswa dengan masyarakat , guru dengan guru, guru dengan masyarakat
disekitar lingkungannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Apabila dicermati proses
interaksi siswa dapat dibina dan merupakan bagian dari proses pembelajaran,
seperti yang dikemukan oleh Corey (1986 ) dalam Syaiful Sagala (2003 : 61 )
dikatakan bahwa :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">“
Pembelajaran adalah suatu proses dimana lingkungan seseorang secara sengaja
dikelola untuk memungkinkan ia turut serta dalam tingkah laku tertentu dalam
kondisi- kondisi khusus atau menghasilkan respons terhadap situasi tertentu.”<b>
</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Selanjutnya Syaiful Sagala ,
menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran mempunyai dua karakteristik, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">“<b> </b>Pertama,
dalam proses pembelajaran melibatkan proses berfikir. Kedua, dalam proses
pembelajaran membangun suasana dialogis dan proses Tanya jawab terus menerus
yang diarahkan untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir siswa ,
yang pada gilirannya kemampuan berfikir itu dapat membantu siswa untuk
memperoleh pengetahuan yang mereka konstruksi sendiri. “ (Syaiful Sagala,2003 :
63 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dari uraian diatas, proses
pembelajaran yang baik dapat dilakukan oleh siswa baik didalam maupun diluar
kelas, dan dengan karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh siswa diharapkan mereka
mampu berinteraksi dan bersosialisasi dengan teman- temannya secara baik dan
bijak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dengan intensitas yang tinggi
serta kontinuitas belajar secara berkesinambungan diharapkan proses interaksi
sosial sesama teman dapat tercipta dengan baik dan pada gilirannya mereka
saling menghargai dan menghormati satu sama lain walaupun dalam perjalanannya
mereka saling berbeda pendapat yang pada akhirnya mereka saling menumbuhkan
sikap demokratis antar sesama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Paradigma metodologi pendidikan
saat ini disadari atau tidak telah mengalami suatu pergeseran dari
behaviourisme ke konstruktivisme yang menuntut guru dilapangan harus mempunyai
syarat dan kompetensi untuk dapat melakukan suatu perubahan dalam melaksanakan
proses pembelajaran dikelas. Guru dituntut lebih kreatif, inovatif, tidak
merasa sebagai teacher center, menempatkan siswa tidak hanya sebagai objek
belajar tetapi juga sebagai subjek belajar dan pada akhirnya bermuara pada
proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, bergembira, dan demokratis yang
menghargai setiap pendapat sehingga pada akhirnya substansi pembelajaran
benar-benar dihayati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sejalan dengan pendapat diatas,
pembelajaran menurut pandangan konstruktivisme<b> </b>adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">“Pembelajaran
dibangun oleh manusia sedikit demi sedikit, yang hasilnya diperluas melalui
konteks yang terbatas (sempit ) dan tidak sekonyong-konyong. Pembelajaran
bukanlah seperangkat fakta, konsep atau kaidah yang siap untuk diambil dan
diingat. Manusia harus mengkonstruksi Pembelajaran itu dan membentuk makna
melalui pengalaman nyata. (Depdiknas,2003:11)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Implementasi pendekatan
konstruktivisme dalam pembelajaran diwujudkan dalam bentuk pembelajaran yang
berpusat pada siswa <i>(Student Center ) </i>. Guru dituntut untuk menciptakan
suasana belajar sedemikian rupa , sehingga siswa bekerja sama secara gotong
royong <i>(cooperative learning)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Untuk menciptakan situasi yang
diharapkan pada pernyataan diatas seoarang guru harus mempunyai syarat-syarat
apa yang diperlukan dalam mengajar dan membangun pembelajaran siswa agar
efektif dikelas, saling bekerjasama dalam belajar sehingga tercipta suasana
yang menyenangkan dan saling menghargai (demokratis ) , diantaranya :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Guru harus lebih banyak menggunakan metode pada waktu mengajar,
variasi metode mengakibatkan penyajian bahan lebih menarik perhatian
siswa, mudah diterima siswa, sehingga kelas menjadi hidup, metode
pelajaran yang selalu sama( monoton ) akan membosankan siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Menumbuhkan motivasi, hal ini sangat berperan pada
kemajuan , perkembangan siswa,. Selanjutnya melalui proses belajar, bila
motivasi guru tepat dan mengenai sasaran akan meningkatkan kegiatan
belajar, dengan tujuan yang jelas maka siswa akan belajar lebih tekum,
giat dan lebih bersemangat.(Slamet ,1987 :92 )<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kita yakin pada saat ini banyak
guru yang telah melaksanakan teori <i>konstruktivisme</i> dalam pembelajaran di
kelas tetapi volumenya masih terbatas, karena kenyataan dilapangan kita masih
banyak menjumpai guru yang dalam mengajar masih terkesan hanya melaksanakan
kewajiban. Ia tidak memerlukan strategi, metode dalam mengajar, baginya yang
penting bagaimana sebuah peristiwa pembelajaran dapat berlangsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Disisi lain menurut Hartono
Kasmadi (1993 :24) bahwa pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar dimana pengajar
masih memegang peran yang sangat dominan, pengajar banyak ceramah <i>(telling
method)</i> dan kurang membantu pengembangan aktivitas murid<i> . </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dari uraian diatas, tidak
dipungkiri bahwa dilapangan masih banyak guru yang masih melakukan cara seperti
pendapat diatas, dan diakui bahwa banyaka faktor penyebabnya sehingga kita akan
melihat akibat yang timbul pada peserta didik, kita akan sering menjumpai siswa
belajar hanya untuk memenuhi kewajiban pula, masuk kelas tanpa persiapan, siswa
merasa terkekang, membenci guru karena tidak suka gaya mengajarnya, bolos,
tidak mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan guru, takut berhadapan dengan mata
pelajaran tertentu, merasa tersisihkan karena tidak dihargai pendapatnya, hak
mereka merasa dipenjara , terkekang sehingga berdampak pada hilangnya motivasi
belajar, suasan belajar menjadi monoton, dan akhirnya kualitas pun menjadi
pertanyaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dari permasalahan yang ada ,
sekolah dalam hal ini kepala sekolah, guru dan stakeloders mempunyai tanggung
jawab terhadap peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di sekolah terutama guru sebagai
ujung tombak dilapangan (di kelas) karena bersentuhan langsung dengan siswa
dalam proses pembelajaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Guru mempunyai tugas dan tanggung
jawab yang sangat berat terhadap kemajuan dan peningkatan kompetensi siswa ,
dimana hasilnya akan terlihat dari jumlah siswa yang lulus dan tidak
lulus.dengan demikian tangung jawab peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah ,
selalu dibebankan kepada guru .lalu bagaimana kesiapan unsur-unsur tersebut
dalam peningkatan mutu proses pembelajaran ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">II.
Pembahasan</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">A.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hakekat Pendidikan </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Menururt pendapat Ki Hajar
Dewantoro dalam Kongres Taman Siswa ( 1930 ) mengungkapkan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">“<i>Pendidikan.
Umumnja berarti daja-upaja untuk memadjukan bertumbuhnja budi pekerti (kekuatan
batin, karakter), pikiran (intellect) dan tubuh anak: … </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">[Pendidikan.
Umumnya berarti daya-upaya untuk memajukan bertumbuhnya budi pekerti (kekuatan
batin, karakter), pikiran (<i>intellect</i>) dan tubuh anak: …]” (Ki Hajar
Dewantoro, 1962: 3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sedangkan Lodge dalam Ismaun
menjelaskan pengertian pendidikan sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">“<i>In
the narrower sense, education is restricted to that functions, it’s background,
and it’s outlook to the member of the rising generation, ………. In the narrower
sense, education becomes, in practice identical with schooling, i.e. formal
instruction under controlled conditions</i>”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dalam arti yang sempit,
pendidikan hanya mempunyai fungsi yang terbatas, yaitu memberikan dasar-dasar
dan pandangan hidup kepada generasi yang sedang tumbuh, yang dalam prakteknya
identik dengan pendidikan formal di sekolah dan dalam situasi dan kondisi serta
lingkungan belajar yang serba terkontrol. (Ismaun, 2007: 57). Pendidikan dapat
dimaknai sebagai proses mengubah tingkah laku anak didik agar menjadi manusia
dewasa yang mampu hidup mandiri dan sebagai anggota masyarakat dalam lingkungan
alam sekitar dimana individu itu berada. (Syaiful Sagala , 2006 : 3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sementara itu Hamid Darmadi
(2007 : 3 ) berpendapat </span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1028"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt=":P" style='width:11.25pt;height:11.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif"
o:title="P"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt=":P" height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="15" /><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">endidikan
mengadung tujuan yang ingin dicapai, yaitu membentuk kemampuan individu
mengembangkan dirinya yang kemampuan-kemampuan dirinya berkembang sehinga
bermanfaat untuk kepentingan hidupnya sebagai seorang individu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Selanjutnya Dodi Nandika
(2007:15 ) Pendidikan bukan sekedar mengajarkan atau mentransfer pengetahuan,
atau semata mengembangkan aspek intelektual, melainkan juga untuk mengembangkan
karakter, moral, nilai-nilai, dan budaya peserta didik. Dengan kata lain,
pendidikan adalah membangun budaya, membangun peradaban, membangun masa depan.
alam Kamus Besar bahasa Indonesia (1995 : 232) menyatakan bahwa pendidikan
adalah proses pengubahan sikap dan tata laku sesorang atau kelompok orang dalam
usaha mendewasakan manusia melalui upaya pengajaran dan pelatihan;proses,
perbuatan, cara mendidik. Dalam Undang-Undang RI Nomor 20 tahun 2003 Bab I
Pasal 1 ayat (1) dikatakan bahwa :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">”Pendidikan
adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses
pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengambangkan potensi dirinya
untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan , pengendalian diri, kepribadaian,
kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya,
masyarakat bangsa, dan Negara .”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Selanjutnya, Sihombing (2002)
dalam Ety Rochaety, dkk (2005 :7 ) bahwa pendidikan mengandung pokok-pokok
penting sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan adalah proses pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan adalah proses memanusiakan manusia<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan berusaha mengubah atau mengembangkan
kemampuan, sikap, dan perilaku positif.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan merupakan perbuatan atau kegiatan sadar<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan berkaitan dengancara mendidik<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan memiliki dampak lingkungan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pendidikan tidak berfokus pada pendidikan formal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Berdasarkan hal tersebut di
atas, bahwa pendidikan merupakan sutau system yang memiliki kegiatan cukup
kompleks, meliputi berbagai komponen yang berkaitan satu dengan yang lain,
dengan tujuan untuk membangun masa depan bangsa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Jika menginginkan pendidikan
secara teratur , berbagai elemen (komponen ) yang terlibat dalam kegiatan
pendidikan perlu dikenal terlebih dahulu.untuk itu diperlukan pengkajian usaha
pendidikan sebagai suatu system yang dapat dilihat secara mikro dan makro .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">B.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hakekat Mutu Pendidikan </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sebelum membahas tentang mutu
pendidikan terlebih dahulu akan dibahas tentang mutu dan pendidikan. Banyak
ahli yang mengemukakan tentang mutu, seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Edward
Sallis (2006 : 33 ) mutu adalah Sebuah filsosofis dan metodologis yang membantu
institusi untuk merencanakan perubahan dan mengatur agenda dalam menghadapi
tekanan-tekanan eksternal yang berlebihan. Sudarwan Danim (2007 : 53 ) mutu
mengandung makna derajat keunggulan suatu poduk atau hasil kerja, baik berupa
barang dan jasa. Sedangkan dalam dunia pendidikan barang dan jasa itu bermakna
dapat dilihat dan tidak dapat dilihat, tetapi dan dapat dirasakan. Sedangkan
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (1991 :677 ) menyatakan Mutu adalah (ukuran ),
baik buruk suatu benda;taraf atau derajat (kepandaian, kecerdasan, dsb)
kualitas<b>. </b>Selanjutnya Lalu Sumayang ( 2003 : 322) menyatakan <i>quality</i>
(mutu ) adalah tingkat dimana rancangan spesifikasi sebuah produk barang dan
jasa sesuai dengan fungsi dan penggunannya, disamping itu <i>quality</i> adalah
tingkat di mana sebuah produk barang dan jasa sesuai dengan rancangan
spesifikasinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Berdasarkan pendapat ahli di
atas, dapat disimpulan bahwa mutu <i>(quality )</i> adalah sebuah filsosofis
dan metodologis, tentang (ukuran ) dan tingkat baik buruk suatu benda, yang
membantu institusi untuk merencanakan perubahan dan mengatur agenda rancangan
spesifikasi sebuah produk barang dan jasa sesuai dengan fungsi dan penggunannya
agenda dalam menghadapi tekanan-tekanan eksternal yang berlebihan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dalam pandangan Zamroni ( 2007 :
2 ) dikatakan bahwa peningkatan mutu sekolah adalah suatu proses yang
sistematis yang terus menerus meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar mengajar dan
faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan itu, dengan tujuan agar menjadi target
sekolah dapat dicapai dengan lebih efektif dan efisien.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Peningkatan mutu berkaitan
dengan target yang harus dicapai, proses untuk mencapai dan faktor-faktor yang
terkait. Dalam peningkatan mutu ada dua aspek yang perlu mendapat perhatian, yakni
aspek kualitas hasil dan aspek proses mencapai hasil tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Teori manajemen mutu terpadu
atau yang lebih dikenal dengan<b><i> </i></b><i>Total Quality Management.(TQM) </i>akhir-akhir
ini banyak diadopsi dan digunakan oleh dunia pendidikan dan teori ini dianggap
sangat tepat dalam dunia pendidikan saat ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Konsep <i>total quality
management</i> pertama kali dikemukakan oleh Nancy Warren, seorang <i>behavioral
scientist </i>di <i>United States Navy </i>(Walton dalam Bounds, <i>et. al, </i>1994).
Istilah ini mengandung makna <i>every process, every job, </i>dan <i>every
person </i>(Lewis & Smith, 1994). Pengertian TQM dapat dibedakan menjadi
dua aspek (Goetsch & davis, 1994).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US">Aspek pertama </span></i><span lang="EN-US">menguraikan
apa TQM. TQM didefinisikan sebagai sebuah pendekatan dalam menjalankan usaha
yang berupaya memaksimumkan daya saing melalui penyempurnaan secara terus
menerus atas produk, jasa, manusia, proses, dan lingkungan organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US">Aspek kedua </span></i><span lang="EN-US">menyangkut
cara mencapainya dan berkaitan dengan sepuluh karakteristik TQM yang terdiri
atas : <i>(a) focus pada pelanggan (internal & eksternal), (b) berorientasi
pada kualitas, (c) menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah, (d) memiliki komitmen jangka
panjang, (e) kerja sama tim, (f) menyempurnakan kualitas secara
berkesinambungan, (g) pendidikan dan pelatihan, (h) menerapkan kebebasan yang
terkendali, (i) memiliki kesatuan tujuan, (j) melibatkan dan memberdayakan
karyawan.</i>(Ety Rochaety,dkk,2005 :97)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Edward Sallis ( 2006 :73 ) menyatakan
bahwa <i>Total Quality Management </i>(TQM) Pendidikan adalah sebuah filsosofis
tentang perbaikan secara terus- menerus , yang dapat memberikan seperangkat
alat praktis kepada setiap institusi pendidikan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ,
keinginan , dan harapan para pelanggannya saat ini dan untuk masa yang akan
datang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Di sisi lain, Zamroni memandang
bahwa peningkatan mutu dengan model TQM , dimana sekolah menekankan pada peran
kultur sekolah dalam kerangka model <i>The Total Quality Management </i>(TQM).
Teori ini menjelaskan bahwa mutu sekolah mencakup tiga kemampuan, yaitu :
kemampuan akademik, sosial, dan moral. (Zamroni , 2007 :6 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Menurut teori ini, mutu sekolah
ditentukan oleh tiga variabel, yakni kultur sekolah, proses belajar mengajar,
dan realitas sekolah. Kultur sekolah merupakan nilai-nilai,
kebiasaan-kebiasaan, upacara-upacara, slogan-slogan, dan berbagai perilaku yang
telah lama terbentuk di sekolah dan diteruskan dari satu angkatan ke angkatan
berikutnya, baik secara sadar maupun tidak. Kultur ini diyakini mempengaruhi
perilaku seluruh komponen sekolah, yaitu : guru, kepala sekolah, staf
administrasi, siswa, dan juga orang tua siswa. Kultur yang kondusif bagi
peningkatan mutu akan mendorong perilaku warga kearah peningkatan mutu sekolah,
sebaliknya kultur yang tidak kondusif akan menghambat upaya menuju peningkatan
mutu sekolah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">C.
Faktor-Faktor Dominan dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran di Sekolah </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Selanjutnya untuk meningkatkan
mutu sekolah seperti yang disarankan oleh Sudarwan Danim ( 2007 : 56 ), yaitu
dengan melibatkan lima faktor yang dominan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Kepemimpinan Kepala sekolah; kepala sekolah harus
memiliki dan memahami visi kerja secara jelas, mampu dan mau bekerja
keras, mempunyai dorongan kerja yang tinggi, tekun dan tabah dalam
bekerja, memberikanlayananyang optimal, dan disiplin kerja yang kuat.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Siswa; pendekatan yang harus dilakukan adalah “anak
sebagai pusat “ sehingga kompetensi dan kemampuan siswa dapat digali
sehingga sekolah dapat menginventarisir kekuatan yang ada pada siswa .<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Guru; pelibatan guru secara maksimal , dengan
meningkatkan kopmetensi dan profesi kerja guru dalam kegiatan seminar,
MGMP, lokakarya serta pelatihan sehingga hasil dari kegiatan tersebut
diterapkan disekolah.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Kurikulum; sdanya kurikulum yang ajeg / tetap tetapi dinamis
, dapat memungkinkan dan memudahkan standar mutu yang diharapkan sehingga <i>goals</i>
(tujuan ) dapat dicapai secara maksimal;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Jaringan Kerjasama; jaringan kerjasama tidak hanya
terbatas pada lingkungan sekolah dan masyarakat semata (orang tua dan masyarakat
) tetapi dengan organisasi lain, seperti perusahaan / instansi sehingga
output dari sekolah dapat terserap didalam dunia kerja<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Berdasarkan pendapat diatas,
perubahan paradigma harus dilakukan secara bersama-sama antara pimpinan dan
karyawan sehingga mereka mempunyai langkah dan strategi yang sama yaitu
menciptakan mutu dilingkungan kerja khususnya lingkungan kerja pendidikan.
Pimpinan dan karyawan harus menjadi satu tim yang utuh <i>(teamwork )</i> yangn
saling membutuhkan dan saling mengisi kekurangan yang ada sehingga target <i>(goals
)</i> akan tercipta dengan baik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">D.
Unsur-unsur yang terlibat dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran di sekolah </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Unsur yang terlibat dalam
peningkatan mutu pendidikan dapat lihat dari sudut pandang makro dan mikro
pendidikan, seperti yang dijabarkan di bawah ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">1. Pendekatan Mikro Pendidikan :</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Yaitu suatu pendekatan terhadap
pendidikan dengan indicator kajiannya dilihat dari hubungan antara elemen
peserta didik, pendidik, dan interaksi keduanya dalam usaha pendidikan. Secara
lengkap elemen mikro sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Kualitas manajemen<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pemberdayaan satuan pendidikan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Profesionalisme dan ketenagaan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Relevansi dan kebutuhan.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Berdasarkan tinjauan mikro
elemen guru dan siswa yang merupakan bagian dari pemberdayaan satuan pendidikan
merupakan elemen sentral. Pendidikan untuk kepentingan peserta didik mempunyai
tujuan, dan untuk mencapai tujuan ini ada berbagai sumber dan kendala, dengan
memperhatikan sumber dan kendala ditetapkan bahan pengajaran dan diusahakan
berlangsungnya proses untuk mencapai tujuan. Proses ini menampilkan hasil
belajar. hasil belajar perlu dinilai dan dari hasil penilaian dapat merupakan
umpan balik sebagai bahan masukan dan pijakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Secara mikro diagram alur proses
pendidikan dapat dilihat dibawah ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1027"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="new-picture.png" style='width:330.75pt;height:247.5pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png"
o:title="new-picture"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="new-picture.png" height="330" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3" width="441" /><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber : Ety Rochaety,dkk
(2005:8 )</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dari gambar diatas, bahwa
pengetahuan teori yang didapatkan dari seorang guru melalui kualitas manajemen
dengan harapan tujuan pendidikan akan tercapai, tujuan akan tercapai jika
dibekali dengan bahan sehingga proses pendidikan akan terlaksana dengan baik sehingga
akan menghasilkan penampilan (hasil belajar) hasil belajar dipengaruhi oleh
beberapa factor yaitu melalui penilaian dengan dasar criteria penilaian , hasil
dari penampilan akan dijadikan umpan balik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">2. Pendekatan Makro Pendidikan ;</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Yaitu kajian pendidikan dengan
elemen yang lebih luas dengan elemen sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">>Standarisasi pengembangan kurikulum<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pemerataan dan persamaan, serta keadilan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Standar mutu<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Kemampuan bersaing<b>.</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Tinjauan makro pendidikan
menyangkut berbagai hal yang digambarkan dalam dua bagan ( P.H Coombs, 1968 )
dalam Etty Rochaety, dkk (2005 : 8 ) bahwa pendekatan makro pendidikan melalui
jalur pertama yaitu INPUT SUMBER – PROSES PENDIDIKAN – HASIL PENDIDIKAN ,
seperti pada gambar di bawah ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="new-picture-1.png" style='width:343.5pt;height:163.5pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.png"
o:title="new-picture-1"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="new-picture-1.png" height="218" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_4" width="458" /><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Sumber</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : Ety
Rochaety, dkk (2005 : 9 )</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Input sumber pendidikan akan
mempengaruhi dalam kegiatan proses pendidikan , dimana proses pendidikan
didasari oleh berbagai unsur sehingga semakin siap suatu lembaga dan semakin
lengkap komponen pendidikan yang dimiliki maka akan menciptakan hasil
pendidikan yang berkualitas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Selanjutnya Syaiful Sagala (2004
: 9 ) menyatakan solusi manajemen pendidikan secara mikro dan makro yang
dituangkan dalam gambar berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="new-picture-2.png" style='width:335.25pt;height:250.5pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png"
o:title="new-picture-2"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="new-picture-2.png" height="334" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_5" width="447" /><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber: Syaiful Sagala (2004 :
9)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">E. Strategi Peningkatan Mutu
Pembelajaran di Sekolah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Secara umum untuk meingkatkan
mutu pendidikan harus diawali dengan strategi peningkatan pemerataan
pendidikan, dimana unsure makro dan mikro pendidikan ikut terlibat, untuk
menciptakan <i>(Equality dan Equity )</i> , mengutip pendapat Indra Djati Sidi
( 2001 : 73 ) bahwa pemerataan pendidikan harus mengambil langkah sebagai
berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Pemerintah menanggung biaya minimum pendidikan yang
diperlukan anak usia sekolah baik negeri maupun swasta yang diberikan
secara individual kepada siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Optimalisasi sumber daya pendidikan yang sudah
tersedia, antara lain melalui double shift ( contoh pemberdayaan SMP
terbuka dan kelas Jauh )<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Memberdayakan sekolah-sekolah swasta melalui bantuan
dan subsidi dalam rangka peningkatan mutu embelajaran siswa dan
optimalisasi daya tampung yang tersedia.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Melanjutkan pembangunan Unit Sekolah Baru (USB ) dan
Ruang Kelas Baru (RKB ) bagi daerah-daerah yang membutuhkan dengan
memperhatikan peta pendidiakn di tiap –tiap daerah sehingga tidak
mengggangu keberadaan sekolah swasta.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Memberikan perhatian khusus bagi anak usia sekolah dari
keluarga miskin, masyarakat terpencil, masyarakat terisolasi, dan daerah
kumuh.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Meningkatkan partisipasi anggota masyarakat dan
pemerintah daerah untuk ikut serta mengangani penuntansan wajib belajar
pendidikan dasar 9 tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sedangkan peningkatan mutu
sekolah secara umum dapat diambil satu strategi dengan membangun Akuntabilitas
pendidikan dengan pola kepemimpinan , seperti kepemimpinan sekolah <i>Kaizen </i>(
Sudarwan Danim, 2007 : 225 )<i> </i>yang menyarankan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Untuk memperkuat tim-tim sebagai bahan pembangun yang
fundamental dalam struktur perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Menggabungkan aspek –aspek positif individual dengan
berbagai manfaat dari konsumen<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Berfokus pada detaiol dalam mengimplementasikan
gambaran besar tentang perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Menerima tanggung jawab pribadi untuk selalu
mengidentifikasikan akar menyebab masalah<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Membangun hubungan antarpribadi yang kuat<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Menjaga agar pemikiran tetap terbuka terhadap kritik
dan nasihat yang konstruktif<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Memelihara sikap yang progresif dan berpandangan ke
masa depan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Bangga dan menghargai prestasi kerja<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Bersedia menerima tanggung jawab dan mengikuti
pelatihan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">III
Penutup.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan
kreatifitas guru yang professional, inovatif, kreatif, mrupakan salah satu
tolok ukur dalam Peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di sekolah ,karena kedua elemen
ini merupakan figure yang bersentuhan langsung dengan proses pembelajaran ,
kedua elemen ini merupakan fugur sentral yang dapat memberikan kepercayaan
kepada masyarakat (orang tua ) siswa , kepuasan masyarakat akan terlihat dari
output dan outcome yang dilakukan pada setiap periode. Jika pelayanan yang baik
kepada masyarakat maka mereka tidak akan secara sadar dan secara otomatis akan
membantu segala kebutuhan yang di inginkan oleh pihak sekolah,sehingga dengan
demikian maka tidak akan sulit bagi pihak sekolah untuk meningkatkan mutu
pembelajaran dan mutu pendidikan di sekolah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">Referensi :</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Darmadi,
Hamid. 2007. <i>Dasar Konsep Pendidikan Moral</i>. Bandung : Alfabeta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Dewantoro,
Ki Hajar. 1962. <i>Bagian Pertama: Pendidikan</i>. Jogjakarta : Taman Siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Edward
Sallis. 2006. <i>Total Quality Management In Education</i> (alih Bahasa Ahmad
Ali Riyadi ). Jogjakarta : IRCiSoD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Eti
Rochaety,dkk.2005 . <i>Sistem Informamsi Manajemen Pendidikan</i>. Jakarta :
bumi Aksara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Indra
Djati Sidi.2003. <i>Menuju Masyarakat Belajar</i>. Jakarta : Logos<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Ismaun.
2007. <i>Filsafat Administrasi Pendidikan</i>. Bandung: Universitas Pendidikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Lalu
Sumayang.2003. <i>Manajemen produksi dan Operasi</i>. Jakarta : Salemba Empat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Tim
Penyusun Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia..1991. <i>Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</i>.
Jakarta :Balai Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Republik
Indonesia. (2003). <i>Undang-Undang Nomor 20 tahun 2003 Tentang</i> <i>Sistem
Pendidikan Nasional<b>. </b></i>Jakarta: Kloang klede Putra Timur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sagala,Syaiful.2005.<i>Administrasi
Pendidikan Kontemporer</i>. Bandung: Alfabeta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">—————–.2004.
<i>Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah &Masyarakat</i>. Bandaung : alfabeta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sudarwan
Danim.2007.<i>Visi Baru Manajemen Sekolah</i>. Jakarta : Bumi Aksara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Suyadi
Prawirosentono. 2007 . <i>Filosofi Baru tentang Manajemen Mutu terpadu abad 21</i>.
Jakarta : Bumi Aksara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Zamroni. 2007 .<i> Meningkatkan
Mutu Sekolah</i> . Jakarta : PSAP Muhamadiyah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-79720222342352087992012-05-12T09:52:00.000-07:002012-05-12T09:52:04.832-07:00MAKALAH KIMIA LINGKUNGAN - MAKALAH UJI KUALITAS AIR<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UJI KESADAHAN
TOTAL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HARI/TANGGAL PENELITIAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelittian dilaksanakan pada hari Rabu, Tanggal 30
November 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">METODE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kompleksometri
dengan menggunakan EDTA standar sebagai larutan penitrasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DASAR TEORI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan
air disebabkan oleh ion-ion Ca dan Mg. Jadi air yang mempunyai kesadahan tinggi
mengandung banyak garam-garam Ca dan Mg. Pada umumnya air yang terdapat di alam
adalah sadah. Kandungan ion Ca dan Mg dalam air dapat dipengaruhi oleh 2
faktor, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor Alamiah : karena sumber air
berdekatan dengan lokasi penambangan batu kapur atau pun daerah tersebut dekat
lokasi persawahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor non alamiah : karena ditambahkan
dalam air baik disengaja atau pun tidak sengaja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan
merupakan petunjuk kemampuan air untuk membentuk busa apabila dicampur dengan
sabun. Pada air berkesadahan rendah, air akan dapat membentuk busa apabila
dicampur dengan sabun, sedangkan pada air berkesadahan tinggi tidak akan
terbentuk busa. Kesadahan sangat penting artinya bagi para akuaris karena
kesadahan merupakan salah satu petunjuk kualitas air yang diperlukan bagi ikan.
Tidak semua ikan dapat hidup pada nilai kesadahan yang sama. Dengan kata lain,
setiap jenis ikan memerlukan prasarat nilai kesadahan pada selang tertentu
untuk hidupnya. Disamping itu, kesadahan juga merupakan petunjuk yang penting
dalam hubungannya dengan usaha untuk memanipulasi nilai pH. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan
pada umumnya dinyatakan dalam satuan ppm (part per million/ satu persejuta
bagian) kalsium karbonat (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), tingkat kekerasan (<sup>0</sup>D),
atau dengan menggunakan konsentrasi molar CaCO<sub>3</sub>. Satu satuan
kesadahan Jerman atau <sup>0</sup>D sama dengan 10 mg CaO (kalsium oksida) per
liter air. Di Amerika, kesadahan pada umumnya menggunakan satuan ppm CaCO<sub>3</sub>,
dengan demikian satu satuan Jerman (<sup>0</sup>D) dapat diekspresikan sebagai
17.8 ppm CacO<sub>3</sub>. Sedangkan satuan konsentrasi molar dari 1 mili
ekuivalen = 2.8 <sup>0</sup>D= 50 ppm. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa kebanyakan
teskit pengukur kesadahan menggunakan satuan CaCO<sub>3</sub>. Untuk lebih
jelasnya bacalah petunjuk pembacaan pada teskit yang anda miliki untuk
mengetahui dengan pasti satuan pengukuran yang digunakan, untuk menghindari
terjadinya kesalahan pembacaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.2%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 100.0%;" width="100%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berikut
adalah <b><i>criteria selang kesadahan</i></b> yang biasa dipakai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 100.0%;" width="100%">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading2Accent5" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; width: 471px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.92%;" valign="top" width="23%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 80; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pH<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.36%;" valign="top" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 51.72%;" valign="top" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 80; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.92%;" valign="top" width="23%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 16; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0
- 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 19.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.36%;" valign="top" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0 – 70<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 51.72%;" valign="top" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 16; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sangat
rendah (sangat lunak)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 20.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.92%;" valign="top" width="23%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 80; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4
- 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 20.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.36%;" valign="top" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">70
– 140<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 20.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 51.72%;" valign="top" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 80; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">rendah
(lunak)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 20.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.92%;" valign="top" width="23%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 16; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8
- 12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 20.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.36%;" valign="top" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">140 – 210<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 20.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 51.72%;" valign="top" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 16; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.92%;" valign="top" width="23%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 80; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">12
- 18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.36%;" valign="top" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">210
– 320<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border: none; height: 19.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 51.72%;" valign="top" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 80; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">agak
tinggi (agak keras)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; height: 20.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.92%;" valign="top" width="23%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 16; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">18
- 30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; height: 20.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.36%;" valign="top" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">320 – 530<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; height: 20.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 51.72%;" valign="top" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 16; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tinggi
(keras<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada
dua macam kesadahan, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan Sementara (<i>temporer hardness</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan Tetap (<i>permanent hardness</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan
sementara adalah kesadahan karena adanya garam bikarbonat dari Ca dan Mg,
sedangkan kesadahan tetap karena adanya garam non karbonat seperti sulfat,
klorida, nitrat. Kesadahan sementara dan tetap disebut kesadahan jumlah (<i>total hardness</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f"
stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="boiler" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-11.1pt;
margin-top:73.25pt;width:3in;height:170.9pt;z-index:1;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;
mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"
o:title="boiler"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 228px; left: 0px; margin-left: -15px; margin-top: 98px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 288px; z-index: 1;"><img alt="boiler" height="228" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="288" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan
sementara dapat dihilangkan dengan memanaskannya, karena CO<sub>2 </sub>akan
keluar dan meninggalkan garam karbonat yang tidak larut (mengendap). Air yang
mempunyai kesadahan tinggi tidak baik apabila dipergunakan sebagai air pengisi
ketel (<i>boiler feed</i>) maupun dalam
pencucian dengan sabun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="boiler_feed" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:248.35pt;margin-top:1.25pt;width:152.75pt;
height:150.3pt;z-index:2;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title="boiler_feed"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
</div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="2" width="331"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img alt="boiler_feed" height="200" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3" width="204" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><br />
<br clear="ALL" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 239.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Penentuan Kesadahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">a<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Tinjauan
penyebab kesadahan adalah Ca<sup>2+</sup> dan Mg<sup>2+</sup> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">b<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kesadahan ditetapkan melalui metode titrimetri </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">
Kompleksometri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">c<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Larutan baku </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> EDTA (Ethylen
Diamin Tetra Acetic Acid)/Complexon II/TItriplex II <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Complexon III/Titriplex III/Na-EDTA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">d<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Satuan Kesadahan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> 1.
Derajat Kesadahan Jerman = <sup>o</sup>D
(Germany Degree)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> 1<sup>o</sup>D = 10
mg CaO/L<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> 2.
Derajat Kesadahan Francis = <sup>o</sup>F
(French Degree)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> 1<sup>o</sup>F = 10
mg CaCO3/L<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> 3.
Derajat Kesadahan Inggris = <sup>o</sup>E
(England Degree)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> 1<sup>o</sup>E = 1
g/gallon = 14,3 mg CaCO3/L<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Derajat Amerika
(Dalam mg CaCO3/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PRINSIP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesadahan total (kadar Ca<sup>2+</sup> dan Mg<sup>2+</sup>)
ditetapkan dengan cara titrassi langsung dengan larutan standar EDTA pada pH
10, menggunakan indikator EBT. Agar pH mencapai 10 maka ditambahkan buffer pH
10. Titik akhir titrasi ditandai timbulnya earna biru dari EBT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk memperkecil kemungkinan CaCO<sub>3</sub>
mengendap, titrasi dilakukan dalam waktu 5 menit dan pada suhu kamar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ALAT DAN BAHAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading1Accent5" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #4BACC6; border-right: none; border: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Alat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #4BACC6; border-left: none; border: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Bahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pipet volume 10 ml dan 50 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CaCl3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Labu erlemeyer 10 ml dan 250 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buffer pH 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gelas ukur 25 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator EBT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Botol semprot<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NaCN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buret <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan EDTA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gelas kimia 100 ml dan 250 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aquades <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.65pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.25pt;" valign="top" width="263">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Labu ukur 100 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEREAKSI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan buffer pH 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan 6,67 gr NH<sub>4</sub>Cl dalam 57,2 ml NH<sub>4</sub>OH
pekat. Encerkan dengan aquades sampai 100 ml. Tambahkan 0,5 gr Mg – EDTA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator EBT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,5 g EBT dicampurkan dengan 4,5 g hidroksil amin
HCl kemudian dilarutkan dalam 100 ml etanol 96% atau 0,5 g EBT dan 100 g NaCl
dicampur homogen simpan dalam wadah tertutup dan kering<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Inhibitor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">250 mg serbuk NaCN ditambahkan kedalam larutan yang
akan dititrasi kemudian ditambahkan pada saat akan dititrasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan standar EDTA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Timbang 3,723 g Natrium EDTA. 2 H<sub>2</sub>O
dilarutkan dalam 1000 ml aquades, simpan dalam botol Pyrek. Larutan ini harus
distandarkan dengan larutan baku primer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan standar Calsium Ca<sup>2+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Timbang 1,000 g CaCO<sub>3</sub> anhidrat masukan
kedalam beker gelas, tambahkan sedikit demi sedikit HCl sampai semua CaCO<sub>3</sub>
larut. Panaskan beberapa saat untuk menghilangkan CO<sub>2</sub>. Dinginkan,
tambah beberapa tetes indikator methyl orange, kemudian tambahkan NH<sub>4</sub>OH
3 N sampai larutan berwarna jingga. Pindahkan secara kuantitatif kedalam labu
takar 1000 ml dan encerkan dengan aquades sampai tanda batas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Timbang 0,1470 g CaCl<sub>2</sub> 2 H<sub>2</sub>O (BM = 146,98) larutkan dalam
labu takar 100 ml dan encerkan dengan aquades sampai tanda batas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PROSEDUR KERJA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Standarisasi larutan EDTA dengan standar CaCl<sub>2</sub>
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pipet 10 ml larutan standar CaCl2
masukan kedalam labu Erlemeyer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tambahkan 5ml larutan buffer pH 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tambahkan beberapa tetes larutan
indikator EBT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Titrasi dengan larutan EDTA sampai jadi
perubahan warna dari merah anggur menjadi biru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penetapan
kesadahan total (kadar Ca dan Mg)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pipet 50 ml contoh air, masukan kedalam
EM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tambahkan larutan 2ml larutan pH 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bila larutan keruh (mengandung Fe dan
Mn) tambahkan 250 mg NaCN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tambahkan beberapa tetes indikator EBT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Titrasi dengan larutan EDTA sampai
terjadi perubahan warna dari merah anggur menjadi biru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KALIBRASI ALAT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGAMATAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Standarisasi EDTA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading1Accent5" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #4BACC6; border-right: none; border: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Sampel <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.45pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Volume <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #4BACC6; border-left: none; border: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Rata-rata<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Awal <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akhir <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terpakai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CaCl<sub>2 </sub>10 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6,5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8,5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8,7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CaCl<sub>2 </sub>10 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15,1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8,9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Uji kesadahan total<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading1Accent5" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #4BACC6; border-right: none; border: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Sampel<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.45pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Volume (mL)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #4BACC6; border-left: none; border: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Rata-rata<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Awal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akhir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terpakai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air Manglayang
50 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3,90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3,90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4,85<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air Manglayang
50 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25,50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">31,30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5,80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air Gedebage 10 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3,10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3,10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2,95<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air Gedebage 10 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2,80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2,80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air UIN 10 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3,10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6,40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3,30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3,70<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-left: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 208.95pt;" valign="top" width="279">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air UIN 10 ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.4pt;" valign="top" width="63">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2,80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.9pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6,90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D2EAF1; border-bottom: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #78C0D4 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4,10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perhitungan : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1 <sup>0</sup>D = 10 mg CaO BM CaO = 56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumus Umum :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>V</m:r><m:r>1+</m:r><m:r>V</m:r><m:r>1
</m:r><m:r>EDTA</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>2</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>×</m:r><m:r>M</m:r><m:r>
</m:r><m:r>EDTA</m:r><m:r>×</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>1000</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>50</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>×56×0,1=………….°</m:r><m:r>D</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:283.5pt;height:27pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="36" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="378" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">N1.V1 = N2.V2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10 x 0,0105
= N2. 8,7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">N2 = 0,0120 N<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air Manglayang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>4,85×0,0120×</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>1000</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>50</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>×56×0,1=6,5184
°</m:r><m:r>D</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:216.75pt;height:27pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="36" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="289" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maka 6,5184 <sup>0</sup>D x 10 = 65,184 mgCaO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air Gedebage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>2,95×0,0120×</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>1000</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>50</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>×56×0,1=19,824
°</m:r><m:r>D</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:216.75pt;height:27pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="36" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="289" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maka </span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>19,824
°</m:r><m:r>D</m:r><m:r><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>=198,24 </m:r><m:r>mg</m:r><m:r>
</m:r><m:r>CaO</m:r></span></i></m:oMath><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:140.25pt;height:15pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="187" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air UIN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>3,7×0,0120×</m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>1000</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>50</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>×56×0,1=24,864
°</m:r><m:r>D</m:r></span></i></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:210.75pt;height:27pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="36" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="281" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: .15pt;">
Maka <!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>24,864
°</m:r><m:r>D</m:r><m:r> =248,64 </m:r><m:r>mgCaO</m:r></span></i></m:oMath><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:135.75pt;height:15pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.png"
o:title="" chromakey="white"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="181" /><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-208036071795372790.post-65802004915640721212012-05-12T09:50:00.000-07:002012-05-12T09:50:19.973-07:00DISKUSI DAN PEMBAHASAN MAKALAH KIMIA LINGKUNGAN - MAKALAH PENCEMARAN UDARA<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Ciri fisik udara tercemar, apakah
udara yang kta hirup tercemarkah?(sti fatmawati)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ciri-ciri udara tercemar ada yang terlihat oleh mata ada
juga yang tidak terlihat, ciri udara tercemar yang terlihat oleh mata contohnya
polusi berupa debu hitam dari kendaraan, untuk yang tidak terlihat oleh mata,
cara kita tau adalah dengan identifikasi sumber polusi, apakah di sekitar kita
ada sumber polusi atau tidak. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Proses di</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">dalam tubuh zat berbahaya?</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">bagaiman</span>a<span lang="EN-US"> penangulangannya?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bila ada zat berbahaya yang masuk dalam tubuh, tentu akan
ada sel yang bertugas untuk menanggulanginya yaitu sel anti bodi yang terbentuk
melalui mekanisme sistem imun yang terdapat dalam tubuh kita, tapi tidak semua
zat dapat ditaatasi oleh sel anti bodi tersebut. Pada umumnya peran antibodi
adalah menetralkan bahan yang masuk baik yang berbahaya atau tidak berbahaya.
Cara menanggulangi bila kita tau yang masuk ke tubuh adalah bahan berbahaya tentu
sebaiknya langsung berkonsultasi dengan dokter.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Cerobong tingi akan mempegararuhi
dampak yang lain?(sriesti)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Penggunaan cerobong asap yang tinggi untuk mengurangi polusi
lokal berkontribusi dalam penyebaran hujan asam, karena emisi gas yang
dikeluarkannya akan masuk ke sirkulasi udara regional yang memiliki jangkauan
lebih luas. Sering sekali, hujan asam terjadi di daerah yang jauh dari lokasi
sumbernya, di mana daerah pegunungan cenderung memperoleh lebih banyak karena
tingginya curah hujan di sana.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Bahan</span>-bahan<span lang="EN-US"> kimia polutan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="Tabel udara1" style='width:333pt;height:240pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title="Tabel udara1"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Tabel udara1" height="320" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="444" /><!--[endif]--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Pencemar selain Pb, ada gak?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Tabel udara1"
style='width:320.25pt;height:276.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title="Tabel udara1"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Tabel udara1" height="369" src="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="427" /><!--[endif]--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Alat identifikasi</span> k<span lang="EN-US">adar standar zat polutan?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dengan alat tersebut, pemerintah dapat mengukur tingkat
polusi kendaraan bermotor, seperti tingkat kualitas pencemaran udara akibat
timbal, karbondioksida, karbonmonoksida, maupun tingkat kebisingan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Alat tersebut juga berfungsi untuk menyampaikan informasi
tingkat pencemaran udara melalui display yang langsung bisa diketahui
masyarakat. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Kenapa angin terjadi, h</span>u<span lang="EN-US">bungan proses penyerbukan denga</span>n<span lang="EN-US"> gas polutan?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Angin adalah udara yang bergerak yang diakibatkan perbedaan
tekanan udara dari tekanan tinggi ke tekanan rendah di sekitarnya. Secara
global angin juga diakibatkan oleh rotasi bumi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Proses penyebab terjadinya angin adalah apabila udara (sifat
benda terkena panas), maka udara akan memuai dan berat jenisnya berkurang. Dari
udara yang memuai dan menjadi lebih ringan itu lantas menuju ke atas atau ke
tempat yang kurang kepadatannya. Apabila hal ini terjadi, tekanan udara yang
ditinggal akan turun dan otomatis diganti oleh udara di disekitarnya yang lebih
dingin mengalir ke tempat tsb. Maka dgn terjadinya perpindahan udara inilah sebagai
angin.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Udara yang ringan tadi setelah berada di atas atau di tempat
barunya membuat dia susut kembali dan menjadi lebih berat kembali lalu turun
atau menuju ke tempat yang lebih renggang. Aliran udara panas menuju ke wilayah
udara dingin ini dinamanakan konveksi. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Peredaran atau sirkulasi inilah terjadinya angin.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kupu-kupu rentan terhadap polutan, polutan tertentu akan
membuat kupu-kupu mati sehingga proses penyerbukan tidak terjadi.</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15102147493792682992noreply@blogger.com0